ORIENTALISM AND WESTERN ACADEMIA AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY

  The article discusses Orientalism in Islamic perspective and sees how this trend of writing has evolved through colonial and post-colonial era. It also discusses the influence of Orientalists in European and American academia in shaping Middle Eastern Studies and Near Eastern Studies departments. The article underscores the political and colonial dimensions of the whole movement of the Orientalist methodology that still dominates research in American universities. Relationship between Orientalist scholarship and political hegemony is also highlighted. Views of non-Western scholars such as Abdullah Laroui and Anwer Abdul Malek and Abdul Latif Tibawi against Orientalist scholarship reflects how politics of knowledge in the field of Islamic Studies has always been shadowed by prejudice, racism stereotyping and biases.  </p

Isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity and its amelioration with ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royale in mice

Background: To study the hepatoprotective effect of Ethanolic extract of Stem Bark of Berberis lycium Royale in isoniazid (INH) induced hepatotoxicity in mice model.Methods: The study design was lab based randomized controlled in-vivo study in mice conducted from 9th April 2014 till 9th May 2014 at animal house of National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Group A was on normal diet and water and hepatotoxicity was produced by giving isoniazid (50mg/kg BW) in mice of Group B. Group C and D were given isoniazid (INH) plus low dose and high dose of Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis Lycium Royle respectively.Results: INH induced hepatotoxicity was depicted by elevated serum LFT’s, hepatocytic ballooning, severe steatosis and inflammation. Mice getting concurrent treatment of INH, low and high dose of Ethanolic extract of Berberis Lycium Royle showed decreased serum levels of biomarkers and their liver sections manifested improved histological picture but more significant reduction in toxic effects were observed in animals receiving high dose.Conclusions: High dose of Ethanolic extract of stem bark of Berberis lycium Royale showed more marked hepatoprotective activity as compare to low doses. The hepatotoxicity of INH can be reduced by concurrent use of INH with ethanolic extracts of Berberis Lycium Royle

Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Intention and Desire for Venture Creation: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurs and Non Entrepreneur Graduates

Study Objectives: The scope of entrepreneurship education is increasing round the globe but in Pakistan, entrepreneurship education is being neglected because of unawareness of its paybacks. Realizing the significance of entrepreneurship education, this research aims at investigating the scope of entrepreneurial education in developing and designing creative ideas and implementing them innovatively. This research focuses on the impact of entrepreneurship education on intention and desire for venture creation among university students of Pakistan. The study describes the main effects found in the literature by explaining that how this education can contribute to develop, design new ideas and finally to implement them.Research Design/Methodology: This study uses positivism paradigm. A survey was conducted from 160 respondents from private and public sector educational institutes by using close ended questionnaires. For explanation, this study used a five point Likert scale questionnaire. The students, who have taken entrepreneurship education and who have not, were the respondent’s category to explain the results. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyze the results. Results and analyses were derived by independent sample t-tests with the help of SPSS software to measure the significance and difference of two groups. Research Limitations: This study is focused only on the students studying in Lahore and Faisalabad with the sample size of 160 participants. The sample size is narrow which can hinder the generalization of results of study. The financial implication of new venture creation is missing which may change the effect of the study. Further studies can accommodate these limitations for more effective results.  Practical Implications: The study proposes that education has strong impact on venture creation. The candidates, who hold an entrepreneurship degree, grow exponentially by exploiting opportunity, situation and ability (O-S-A). Knowledge of venture creation and confidence to venture has more impact on the establishment and growth of the venture.Originality/Value: Literature recognizes that entrepreneurship education and research on its importance is minute. So, this study will suggest avant-garde techniques for graduates to start new ventures. The results of this study will help graduates to make the economy stronger and independent by adopting new businesses. This study will open gate for new researchers to invent more creative techniques.   Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Venture Creation, Overseas, Team Building, Trust, Intention and Desire

Perceptions of teachers on government school privatization in Punjab, Pakistan

The educational privatization is the global phenomenon with far-reaching implications, and its impact on teachers in government schools within the context of Punjab, Pakistan, is a subject of dominant importance. Research investigates the effects of privatization upon teachers' job security, salaries, and job satisfaction. Study includes a mixed-methods approach, combining survey data from 430 teachers with in-depth interviews of 25 teachers. The results reveal that educational privatization in Punjab presents uncertainties about teachers' job security and contractual terms, reduces their autonomy and creates financial stress. Thus, on the positive side, teachers experience improvements in resources and teaching environments. However, impact of privatization on the teachers' job satisfaction is complex, with a blend of positive &amp; negative emotions. The study underlines the need for balanced approach in the privatization policies, recognizing the teachers' multifaceted experiences. The policymakers must ensure that teachers' well-being and economic stability are not compromised. Findings donate to understanding of the impact of privatization on teachers in a specific context and call for further research to explore long-term effects and the perspectives of other stakeholders

Association of Serum PSA Levels with Histopathological Pattern of Prostate Lesions

Background: Pathological changes that mainly affect prostate gland are prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancerous lesions. Digital rectal examination (DRE), Transrectal Ultrasonography (TUS), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) followed by histopathological examination, are routinely used tests for diagnosis of prostate lesions. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of serum PSA levels in differentially diagnosing the different types of prostate lesions.Material and Methods: This retrospective (observational) study was conducted in Ibn-e-Sina Hospital Multan. Data of 2189 patients who were operated from 2007 to 2017 due to prostatic lesions were included in this analysis. Patients with BPH, prostatitis, prostate carcinoma and Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) were grouped according to serum PSA levels (ranging from 0 to &gt;100 ng/ml) into five groups. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for different histopathological findings. Association of PSA levels with different histological patterns was determined with chi-square test with P-value &lt; 0.05 taken as significant difference.Results: Mean age of patients was 62.45+10.64 years. On histopathology, BPH was diagnosed in 1676 (76.56%) patients, prostatitis in 133 (6.07%), carcinoma in 378 (17.26%) and PIN in 02 (0.09%) patients, respectively. Serum PSA levels of 4.01-10 ng/ml were found in 1050 (62.64%) BPH patients and in 59 (44.36%) prostatitis patients. Serum PSA levels of 10.01-20 ng/ml were found in only 40 (2.4%) BPH patients, 47 (35.33%) prostatitis patients, 22 (5.82%) carcinoma patients and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of 20.01-100 ng/ml were found in 32 (1.9%) BPH patients, 11 (8.27%) prostatitis patients, 302 (79.89%) carcinoma patients, and in 1 (50.0%) PIN patient. Serum PSA levels of &gt;100 ng/ml were absent in patients with BPH and PIN, and present in 1 (0.75%) prostatitis and 54 (14.28%) carcinoma patients.Conclusion: Benign prostatic hyperplasia was the commonest lesion in our patients (76.56%) with serum PSA levels &gt;10 ng/ml reported in all patients with prostate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) patients

A study of sharp coefficient bounds for a new subfamily of starlike functions

AbstractIn this article, by employing the hyperbolic tangent function tanhz, a subfamily$\mathcal{S}_{\tanh }^{\ast }$Stanh∗of starlike functions in the open unit disk$\mathbb{D}\subset \mathbb{C}$D⊂C:$$\begin{aligned} \mathbb{D}= \bigl\{ z:z\in \mathbb{C} \text{ and } \vert z \vert < 1 \bigr\} \end{aligned}$$D={z:z∈C and |z|<1}is introduced and investigated. The main contribution of this article includes derivations of sharp inequalities involving the Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients for functions belonging to the class$\mathcal{S}_{\tanh }^{\ast }$Stanh∗of starlike functions in$\mathbb{D}$D. In particular, the bounds of the first three Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients, the estimates of the Fekete–Szegö type functionals, and the estimates of the second- and third-order Hankel determinants are the main problems that are proposed to be studied here

Cellulose‐based Materials for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater – An Overview

Water pollution due to increase in population and high rates of wastewater generation have become serious concerns since the last few decades. Heavy metals are amongst the main wastewater pollutants due to their ability to persist in the environment. Materials and techniques are being investigated for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater. Cellulose is one of the materials gaining attention due to its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Cellulose-based materials are being widely studied for the adsorption of heavy metals. This overview highlights research efforts to enhance the role of cellulose in wastewater treatment through cellulose-based materials. It also discusses the effects of cellulose modifications such as cellulose gels, cellulose composites, cellulose derivatives, functionalized cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose on the capacity of heavy metals adsorption

Exploring Emotional and Psychological Impacts of Mammography in Women

Introduction: Mammography is a diagnostic tool that is routinely used to test women for breast cancer. While it has been shown to be beneficial in detecting early-stage malignancies, it can also have emotional and psychological consequences for patients. The goal of this study is to dive into the emotional and psychological experiences of mammography patients. We hope to obtain a better understanding of the potential complications and problems faced by women during the screening process by investigating these elements. Materials and Methods: The Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ) and a self-administered questionnaire were used to collect data. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. All participants were given information about mammography technology and safety, and their participation was based on informed consent. Results: The study included 60 women ranging in age from 40 to 67 years old, with a mean age of 50.22. The PCQ results revealed a high prevalence of symptoms such as difficulty sleeping, changes in appetite, depression or unhappy feelings, fear and panic, nervousness or tension, feeling under pressure, withholding items, venting frustrations on others, withdrawal from relationships, difficulty with daily tasks, and difficulties fulfilling obligations. These findings shed light on the psychological repercussions that people face and point to the necessity for support networks or therapy to address these concerns. Conclusion:&nbsp; This research focuses on the emotional and psychological effects of mammography on women. The data suggest that anxiety is a common feeling for women undergoing mammography, which could be exacerbated by previous negative experiences or fear of breast cancer. In order to provide holistic and comprehensive care, healthcare providers must recognize and meet patients\u27 emotional and psychological needs

Lignin and lignin based materials for the removal of heavy metals from waste water - An overview

© 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH. Water Pollution through heavy metals is the concerned issue as many industries like tanning, steel production and electroplating are the major contributors. Various toxic Heavy metals are a matter of concern as they have severe environmental and health effects. Most commonly, conventional methods are using to remove these heavy metals like precipitation, ion exchange, which are not economical and have disposal issues. Adsorption of heavy metals by different low-cost adsorbents seems to be the best option in wastewater treatment. Many agricultural by-products proved to be suitable as low-cost adsorbents for removing heavy metals efficiently in a minimum time. Lignin residues that involves both agricultural and wood residues and sometimes separated out from black liquor through precipitation have adsorption capacity and affinity comparable to other natural adsorbents. However, lignin as bio adsorbents have the advantage of less cost and gives efficient adsorption results. This study is a review of the recent literature on the use of natural lignin residues for heavy metals adsorption under different experimental scenarios