Determination of phase wetting in oil-water pipe flows

Oil-water two-phase flow is often a problem in transportation since the corrosion rate is closely related to which phase wets the pipe. The problem has been investigated on a large scale, in a 60 meter-long flow loop with Saudi Arabian crude oils. In this paper extensive experimental studies of flow pattern as well as phase wetting determination have been carried out for different crude oils and different pipe inclinations. Four experimental techniques have been applied to determine which phase, either water or oil, wets the pipe inner wall at different flowing conditions: wall conductance probes, wall sampling, flow visualization, and corrosion monitoring by electric resistance probes. Based on the overlapping information from these techniques, comprehensive phase wetting maps as a function of water cut and flow velocities were obtained. Three flow patterns were observed: stratified flow, stratified flow with mixed layer, and dispersed flows. The comparison of flow pattern and wetting regimes gives good understanding of the water wetting mechanism. Moreover, the phase wetting maps produced are a precious tool which can be used as a useful reference for corrosion engineers and pipeline operators to manipulate oil-water two-phase flow systems under corrosion free conditions

22: Ex-vivo expansion (EvE) of previously cryopreserved cord blood (CB) into natural killer (NK) cells with enhanced AML and neuroblastoma cytotoxicity Potential role of CB NK cells in adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI)

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Inter-rater reliability of the EPUAP pressure ulcer classification system using photographs

Background. Many classification systems for grading pressure ulcers are discussed in the literature. Correct identification and classification of a pressure ulcer is important for accurate reporting of the magnitude of the problem, and for timely prevention. The reliability of pressure ulcer classification systems has rarely been tested. Aims and objectives. The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-rater reliability of classifying pressure ulcers according to the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification system when using pressure ulcer photographs.Design. Survey was among pressure ulcer experts.Methods. Fifty-six photographs were presented to 44 pressure ulcer experts. The experts classified the lesions as normal skin, blanchable erythema, pressure ulcer (four grades) or incontinence lesion. Inter-rater reliability was calculated.Results. The multirater-Kappa for the entire group of experts was 0.80 (P < 0.001).Various groups of experts obtained comparable results. Differences in classifications are mainly limited to 1 degree of difference. Incontinence lesions are most often confused with grade 2 (blisters) and grade 3 pressure ulcers (superficial pressure ulcers).Conclusions. The inter-rater reliability of the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel classification appears to be good for the assessment of photographs by experts. The difference between an incontinence lesion and a blister or a superficial pressure ulcer does not always seem clear.Relevance to clinical practice. The ability to determine correctly whether a lesion is a pressure ulcer lesion is important to assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. In addition, the ability to make a correct distinction between pressure ulcers and incontinence lesions is important as they require different preventive measures. A faulty classification leads to mistaken measures and negative results. Photographs can be used as a practice instrument to learn to discern pressure ulcers from incontinence lesions and to get to know the different grades of pressure ulcers. The Pressure Ulcer Classification software package has been developed to facilitate learning

The Effects of DLEU1 Gene Expression in Burkitt Lymphoma (BL): Potential Mechanism of Chemoimmunotherapy Resistance in BL

Following a multivariant analysis we demonstrated that children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and a 13q14.3 deletion have a significant decrease in event free survival (EFS) despite identical short intensive multi-agent chemotherapy. However, how this deletion in the 13q14.3 region is associated with a significant decrease in EFS in children and adolescents with BL is largely unknown. The gene Deleted in Lymphocytic Leukemia 1 (DLEU1) is located in the region of 13q14.3. Here, we report that DLEU1 expression is implicated in the regulation of BL programmed cell death, cell proliferation, and expression of apoptotic genes in transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)s-induced DLEU1 knockdown and DLEU1 overexpressing BL cell lines. Furthermore, NSG mice xenografted with DLEU1 knockdown BL cells had significantly shortened survival (p \u3c 0.05 and p \u3c 0.005), whereas those xenografted with DLEU1 overexpressing BL cells had significantly improved survival (p \u3c 0.05 and p \u3c 0.0001), following treatment with rituximab and/or cyclophosphamide. These data suggest that DLEU1 may in part function as a tumor suppressor gene and confer chemoimmunotherapy resistance in children and adolescents with BL

Practice Implications from the WCET® International Ostomy Guideline 2020

General purpose : To introduce the 15 recommendations of the International Ostomy Guideline (IOG) 2020, covering the four key arenas of education, holistic aspects, and pre- and postoperative care; and to summarize key concepts for clinicians to customize for translation into their practice. Target audience : This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. Learning objectives/outcomes : After participating in this educational activity, the participant will: 1. Analyze supporting evidence for the education recommendations in the IOG 2020. 2. Identify a benefit of the International Charter of Ostomate Rights. 3. Distinguish concepts related to pre- and postoperative ostomy-related care. 4. Select a potential barrier to IOG 2020 guideline implementation. The second edition of the WCET® International Ostomy Guideline (IOG) was launched in December 2020 as an update to the original guideline published in 2014. The purpose of this article is to introduce the 15 recommendations covering four key arenas (education, holistic aspects, and pre- and postoperative care) and summarize key concepts for clinicians to customize for translation into their practice. The article also includes information about the impact of the novel coronavirus 2019 on ostomy care