Wpływ testosteronowej terapii zastępczej na stężenia witaminy D i FGF-23 w hipogonadyzmie wrodzonym

Introduction: Patients with hypogonadism are at increased risk of cardiac and metabolic diseases and osteoporosis. Vitamin D and Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) play role in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism and endothelial functions. Low vitamin D levels are reported in hypogonadism, while there is no data about the effect of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). We investigated the effect of TRT on vitamin D and FGF-23 levels along with endothelial functions and insulin resistance in hypogonadal patients. Material and methods: Patients with congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) (n=32, age 20.6 ±1.58 years) were enrolled. TRT was implemented in transdermal form. The demographic parameters, FGF-23, 25(OH)D3, Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were measured both before and after TRT. Results: After a follow-up period of 3.63±1.33 months, ADMA and FGF-23 levels were significantly increased (p=0.03 and p=0.005 respectively), while the 25(OH)D3 and HOMA-IR index were not significantly changed. The body mass index and waist circumference levels of the patients were also increased (p<0.001 and p=0.02) along with a significant decrease in the HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.006). Conclusions: The results show that a short term TRT increases plasma FGF-23 and ADMA levels, in young, treatment naive patients with CHH. Whether this is an early implication of TRT related adverse effects in this very young and treatment naïve population of CHH is not clear. Future prospective studies are required to find out the long-term effects of TRT on cardio-metabolic morbidity and mortality in this specific population.  Wstęp: U chorych z hipogonadyzmem występuje zwiększone ryzyko chorób sercowych I metabolicznych oraz osteoporozy. Witamina D i czynnik wzrostu fibroblastów-23 (FGF-23) uczestniczą w regulacji metabolizmu kostnego i czynności śródbłonka. Istnieją doniesienia na temat niskiego stężenia witaminy D w hipogonadyzmie, natomiast brakuje danych dotyczących wpływu testosteronowej terapii zastępczej (TRT) na to stężenie. Autorzy zbadali wpływ TRT na stężenia witaminy D i FGF-23 oraz na czynność śródbłonka i poziom insulinooporności u chorych z hipogonadyzmem. Materiał i metody: Do badania włączono chorych z wrodzonym hipogonadyzmem hipogonadotropowym (CHH) (n = 32, wiek 20,6 ± 1,58 roku). Chorzy otrzymywali TRT w postaci przezskórnej. Przez rozpoczęciem leczenia i po jego zakończeniu u chorych zebrano dane demograficzne, zmierzono stężenia FGF-23, 25(OH)D3 i asymetryczej dimetyloargininy (ADMA) oraz określono wskaźnik insulinooporności HOMA-IR. Wyniki: Po okresie obserwacji trwającym 3,63 ± 1,33 miesiąca stwierdzono istotne zwiększenie stężeń ADMA i FGF-23 (odpowiednio p = 0,03 i p = 0,005), natomiast stężenie 25(OH)D3 i wskaźnik HOMA-IR nie zmieniły się istotnie. Ponadto zaobserwowano u chorych zwiększenie wskaźnika masy ciała i obwodu pasa (p < 0,001 I p = 0,02) oraz istotne zmniejszenie stężenia cholesterol frakcji HDL (p = 0,006). Wnioski: Wyniki badania pokazują, że krótkotrwałe stosowanie TRT u młodych chorych z CHH, uprzednio nieleczonych, powoduje zwiększenie osoczowego stężenia FGF-23 i ADMA, lecz nie wpływa na stężenie witaminy D. Nie jest jasne, czy jest to wczesny efekt działań niepożądanych TRT w tej grupie bardzo młodych pacjentów z CHH. Konieczne są dalsze prospektywne badania w celu ustalenia długookresowego wpływu TRT na chorobowość i śmiertelność w związku z chorobami sercowymi i metabolicznymi w tej szczególnej populacji

D2D-V2X-SDN: Taxonomy and Architecture towards 5G Mobile Communication System

In the era of information society and 5G networks, cars are extremely important mobile information carriers. In order to meet the needs of multi-scenario business requirements such as vehicle assisted driving and in-vehicle entertainment, cars need to interact with the outside world. This interconnection and data transmission process is usually called vehicular communication (V2X, Vehicle-to-Everything). Device-to-device (D2D) communication not only has partial nature of communication, but also alleviate the current problem of spectrum scarcity of resources. The application of D2D communication in V2X can meet the requirements of high reliability and low latency, but resource reuse also brings interference. Software-defined networking (SDN) provides an optimal solution for interoperability and flexibility between the V2X and D2D communication. This paper reviews the integration of D2D and V2X communication from the perspective of SDN. The state-of-the-art and architectures of D2D-V2X were discussed. The similarity, characteristics, routing control, location management, patch scheduling and recovery is described. The integrated architecture reviewed in this paper can solve the problems of routing management, interference management and mobile management. It also overcome the disconnection problem between the D2D-V2X in terms of SDN and provides some effective solutions.- Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) - [UREP27-020-1-003]. - Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (MOHE) - [FRGS/1/2018/ICT02/UKM/02/6]. - National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - [2019R1C1C1007277]. - Taif University (TU)- [TURSP-2020/260]

The Real Time Remote Motion Control of Two Wheeled Mobile Balance Robot by Using Video Streaming

This study presents the motion control of a real time two wheeled balance robot capable of moving back and forward, turning right and left and video streaming via IP (Internet Protocol) camera on it. A C++ based visual user interface is created on PC (Personal Computer) in order to control of the designed Two Wheeled Mobile Balance Robot (TWMBR). By means of the interface, all controller parameters of the robot can be changed via wireless communication module on it. Moreover, the robot’s tilt angle with respect to time, linear displacement and controller output can be observed simultaneously. Within the robot control interface, the videos from IP camera is transferred into the operator screen via TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) communication protocol. So, the robot can be controlled via arrow keys and visual interface on PC remotely by an operator. Acceleration and gyro sensors are fused by means of a real-time Kalman Filter so that robot can keep its balance in both moving and stable state in the designed system. Thus, an accurate tilt angle control is realized. Classic PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithm is used as robot controller. In conclusion, via IP camera on the robot, the real-time motion control is performed and data diagrams about motion control are obtained

Three-Phase 75 kW Brushless Direct Current Motor for Electric Vehicles: Different Power Stage Design, Calculation of Losses, Cooling Techniques, and Comparison

This study focuses on determining the technical specifications and parameters of an all-electric passenger vehicle, modeling it according to these parameters, selecting the appropriate electric motor as a result of the modeling, and then designing and making a new 75 kW three-phase DC-AC converter (inverter) as per to automotive standards for the brushless DC motor used for vehicle propulsion. Three different power stage designs are conducted and compared. The system losses were calculated, and three variants of cooling systems were used for cooling the power stage to reduce losses. Performances of such cooling systems were compared. Air cooling, fan-assisted air cooling, and liquid cooling structures are designed for power stage cooling, and the performances of these three systems were compared

The Real Time Remote Motion Control of Two Wheeled Mobile Balance Robot by Using Video Streaming

This study presents the motion control of a real time two wheeled balance robot capable of moving back and forward, turning right and left and video streaming via IP (Internet Protocol) camera on it. A C++ based visual user interface is created on PC (Personal Computer) in order to control of the designed Two Wheeled Mobile Balance Robot (TWMBR). By means of the interface, all controller parameters of the robot can be changed via wireless communication module on it. Moreover, the robot’s tilt angle with respect to time, linear displacement and controller output can be observed simultaneously. Within the robot control interface, the videos from IP camera is transferred into the operator screen via TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) communication protocol. So, the robot can be controlled via arrow keys and visual interface on PC remotely by an operator. Acceleration and gyro sensors are fused by means of a real-time Kalman Filter so that robot can keep its balance in both moving and stable state in the designed system. Thus, an accurate tilt angle control is realized. Classic PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) algorithm is used as robot controller. In conclusion, via IP camera on the robot, the real-time motion control is performed and data diagrams about motion control are obtained

Determination of Multiple Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance of the Bacteria Isolated from the Kucukcekmece Lagoon, Turkey

One hundred strains of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from a brackish water Lagoon, Kucukcekmece in Istanbul-Turkey. Identification studies showed that 31% of the isolated bacteria were Escherichia colt, 28% were Citrobacter, and 12% were Enterobacter. Antibiotic and heavy metal resistances exhibited by these bacteria were evaluated. In antibiotic susceptibility tests, 68% of the isolates appeared to be resistant to vancomycin, while 38% was resistant to erythromycin, 23% to penicilin G, 19% to ampicillin, 13% to nalidixic acid and streptomycin, 7% to chloramphenicol, 5% to amikacin, 2% to gentamycin, and 1% to kanamycin. Most of the isolates tolerated various concentrations of heavy metals, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged from 20 mu g/ml to >5000 mu g/ml. In terms of heavy metal sensitivity, 98% of the isolates were resistant to Fe, 95% to Cd, 85% to Co, 83% to Cu and Zn, and 74% to Ni. When antibiotic-heavy metals multiresistance index was examined, it was determined that the multiple heavy metal resistance (MHMR) index was remarkably high for the bacteria, while the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was low according to heavy metal resistance

Does Urinary Bladder Shape Affect Urinary Flow Rate in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms?

WOS: 000330423900001PubMed ID: 24511301We aimed to investigate the role of urinary bladder shape which may potentially change with advancing age, increased waist circumference, pelvic ischemia, and loosening of the urachus on bladder emptying and UFR. We retrospectively investigated the medical records of 76 men. The patients were divided into two groups according to bladder shapes in MRI scan (cone and spheric shapes). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of IPSS, Qmax, Qave, and waist circumference. A positive correlation has been demonstrated between mean peak urinary flow rate measured with UFM and mean flow rate calculated using the CP. There was a significant difference between mean urinary flow rates calculated with CP of cone and sphere bladder shapes. The change in the bladder shape might be a possible factor for LUTS in men and LUTS may be improved if modifiable factors including increased waist circumference and loosening of the urachus are corrected

Does Urinary Bladder Shape Affect Urinary Flow Rate in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms? (vol 2014, 846856, 2014)

WOS: 00033360810000

Predictive Value of Leukocytosis for Infectious Complications After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the natural history of white blood cell (WBC) values and incidence of leukocytosis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), factors associated with development of postoperative leukocytosis, and predictive value of WBC count for infection