Use of Mulberry Pomace As Substrate For Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus Niger Mt-4

DergiPark: 670859trkjnatDut posası (DP), geleneksel bir Türk yiyeceği olan pekmez'in üretiminden sonra ortaya çıkan bir atık maddedir. Bu çalışma, Aspergillus niger MT-4 ile sitrik asit (SA) üretimi için DP’nin substrat olarak kullanılabilirliğini test etmek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca, SA üretimini artırmak için bazı kültür koşulları da optimize edilmiştir. MP’nin nem, toplam karbonhidrat, suda-çözünür karbonhidrat, protein, lipid ve kül içerikleri sırasıyla %31,1; 47,1; 1,3; 13,4; 1,8 ve 1,4 olarak belirlenmiştir. Deneyler, üretim besiyerinin 100 ml’sini içeren 250 ml'lik erlenler içerisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hem fungal biyokütle (FB) hem de SA üretimi için optimum DP konsantrasyonu, 120 gr/lt olarak belirlenmiştir. DP bazlı ortama eklenen tüm KH2PO4 konsantrasyonlarının SA üretimini azalttığı fakat FB üretimini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. SA üretimi için MgSO4 ve (NH4)2SO4’ün optimal konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 1 ve 2 gr/lt olarak bulunmuştur. Diğer optimal parametreler, başlangıç pH'sı 7,0 ve inkübasyon süresi 5 gün olarak belirlenmiştir. Optimize edilmiş kültür koşulları altında, üretilen SA miktarı 24,6 gr/lt olarak belirlenmiştir. Beşinci günde, Yp/s; Yp/x ve Yx/s sırasıyla 0,2 gr SA/gr DP; 1,43 gr SA/gr FB ve 0,14 gr FB/gr DP olarak hesaplanmıştır. DP'nin SA dahil mikrobiyal metabolitlerin üretimi için fermentasyon substratı olarak kullanılabilirliği ilk kez bu çalışmada test edilmiştir.Mulberry pomace (MP) is a waste material obtained after the production of pekmez, a traditional Turkish food. This study was performed to test the usability of MP as substrate for citric acid (CA) production by Aspergillus niger MT-4 for the first time. In the study, some culture conditions were also optimized to increase CA production in MP-based medium. Moisture, total carbohydrate, water-soluble carbohydrate, protein, lipid and ash contents of MP were determined as 31.1, 47.1, 1.3, 13.4, 1.8 and 1.4%, respectively. Experiments were carried out in 250 mL flasks containing 100 mL of production medium. Optimal MP concentration for both fungal biomass (FB) and CA production was determined as 120 g/L. All concentrations of KH2PO4 added to MP-based medium were found to decrease CA production but increase FB production. Optimal concentrations of MgSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 for CA production were found as 1 and 2 g/L, respectively. The other optimal parameters were determined as an initial pH of 7.0 and an incubation period of 5 days. Under the optimized culture conditions, the amount of CA produced was determined as 24.6 g/L. On day 5, Yp/s, Yp/x and Yx/s were calculated as 0.2 g CA/g MP, 1.43 g CA/g FB and 0.14 g FB/g MP, respectively.

Ultrasound evaluation of metabolic syndrome patients with hepatosteatosis

Objective: The exact incidence of hepatosteatosis in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unknown; also there is no valid, simple and inexpensive method to evaluate and follow-up for patients with MetS. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the frequency of hepatosteatosis, and whether demonstrate presence and degree of steatosis using liver ultrasonography may provide additional benefit for evaluating and following-up in MetS patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with MetS were included to the study. Patients divided into three groups; control group (n= 36) consisted of patients without hepatosteatosis, group 1 (n=43) consisted of patients with grade 1 hepatosteatosis. Finally, group 2 (n= 33) consisted of patients with grade 2 hepatosteatosis. The relationship between the presence and degree of the hepatosteatosis and MetS parameters were analyzed.Results: The incidence of hepatosteatosis was found 69.4% in patients with MetS. There were significantly differences in HOMA-IR, AST, ALT and GGT levels among control group and group 1 (p<0.05 for all). There were also significantly differences in waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, GGT, ferritin, CRP, sedimentation, uric acid and microalbuminuria levels among control group and group 2 (p<0.05 for all). Blood pressures and lipid profiles were similar among all groups (p>0.05 for all). Besides, there were significantly differences in waist circumferences, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, GGT, uric acid, CRP levels among group 1 and 2 (p<0.05 for all).Conclusion: Our study indicates that MetS related parameters; especially insulin resistance, were significantly different in patients with hepatosteatosis compared to patients without hepatosteatosis. Because of the different measurment of waist circumferences among groups, we recommend to use liver ultrasonography and waist circumference together to evaluate and follow-up for MetS patients with hepatosteatosis. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (2): 153-158Key words: Fatty Liver, metabolic syndrome X, ultrasonograph

A Comparison of high viscosity and low viscosity bone cement vertebroplasty for severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures

Introduction: Our aim in this clinical trial was to compare the safety and efficacy of highviscosity cement (HVC) with low-viscosity cement (LVC) for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebrae fractures in terms of pain, functional capacity and cement leakage in the percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure (PVP). Methods: From March 2013 to February 2015, 76 patients with vertebrae compression fracture who were admitted into hospital and treated with PVP were reviewed. Pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics of each patient were obtained by using The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score to evaluate back pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) as a functional assessment. Cement leakage,injected cement volume and the complications assessed due to medical records. Results: VAS and ODI scores improved (P0.05).Paravertebral cement leakage was significantly higher in the LVC group (P<0.05). Pulmonary cement embolism was also significantly higher in LVC group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HVC had lower complication rates with similar clinical results in the comparison with LVC.Publisher's Versio

KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ İŞLETMELERİN KOBİ REKABET GÜCÜNÜN ARTIRILMASINDA İLERİYÖNETİM TEKNOLOJİLERİNİN ROLÜ, MAKİNE İMALAT SEKTÖRÜNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA

Çalışmada ileri yönetim teknolojilerinin temelinde Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli 75 işletmeyi kapsayan bir uygulamaya yer verilmiştir. Bu uygulanın değerlendirilmesi ile elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin ileri yönetim teknolojilerini kullanım düzeyleri ve bunu rekabet güçlerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Toplam kalite yönetimi, tam zamanında üretim, insan kaynaklarıyönetimi, öğrenen organizasyon, rekabetçi kıyaslama, değişim mühendisliği ve malzeme ihtiyaç planlamasıolarak değerlendirilen ileri yönetim teknolojilerinin rekabetçi işletme faktörlerine etki düzeyleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Uygulamanın neticesinde, Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmelerin ileri yönetim teknolojileri bağlamında teknoloji kullanımlarıve oluşturulacak rekabet yöntemleri konusunda yeni açılımlar kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır

Evaluation of factors that affect skin to subarachnoid space distance

Introduction: Lumbar puncture is a procedure frequently used in anesthetic practice. For the success of the procedure, prediction of skin to subarachnoid space distance (SSD) is valuable. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between SSD with age and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients, ASA physical status I, II, and III scheduled to undergo elective surgery under spinal anesthesia, were studied. Spinal anesthesia was induced in the sitting position at the L3–4 vertebral level using a midline approach. Furthermore, the level of L3–L4 was identified by palpation, using Tuffier’s line as a guide. Following an intrathecal injection, the spinal needle was grasped between the thumb and the index finger during its removal from the patient’s back. From the grasping point, SSD was measured using rulers. Results: Mean values of SSD at the L3-4 interspace were 55.43±6.47 mm (range 35-74). Statistically significant correlations were observed between SSD with BMI and body weight (ρ=0.650, P&lt;0.001 and ρ=0.651, P&lt;0.001, respectively). Statistically significant correlation was not found between SSD with age, gender and body height (ρ=0.120, P=0.058; ρ=-0.047, P=0.4568 and ρ=0.089, P=0.159, respectively). Conclusions: SSD is affected by BMI and body weight but not by age, gender and body height

Investigation the Performance of Cr-Doped ZnO Nanocrystalline Thin Film in Photodiode Applications

Undoped and Cr-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the glass and p-Si substrates by the chemical spray pyrolysis technique. The films were characterized by x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV-visible spectrometry, and electrical characterization was achieved by using the films as an interfacial layer between the Au and p-Si. The XRD results confirmed the undoped and Cr-doped ZnO thin film crystalline structures. UV-visible spectra provided the transmittance plots and band gap energy values. I-V measurements were performed on the fabricated Au/ZnO/p-Si and Au/ZnO:Cr/p-Si devices to determine the effect of the ZnO interfacial layer on their performance. Various junction parameters, such as the ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance, were calculated from the I-V measurements by various techniques, and have been discussed in detail. A 100-mW/cm(2) power intensity light was exposed on the Au/ZnO:Cr/p-Si device to see the photodiode behavior as well as to determine light sensitivity parameters such as photosensitivity and detectivity. The results highlight that the Au/ZnO:Cr/p-Si device can be thought of for optoelectronic application

Sfalerit Konsantresinin Oksitleyici Amonyak Liçi

This paper presents a study of kinetics of leaching of sphalerite concentrate in ammoniasolutions. The effects of ammonia concentration, oxygen partial pressure, reaction temperature andparticle size on the leaching rate were investigated. The shrinking core model was applied to the resultsobtained from these experiments. Reaction on order with respect to PO2 (1-10 atm.) and NH3 concentration(1.05-5.20 M) were 0.22 and 0.63 and the activation energy was determined to be 43.59 kj/mol in thetemperature range of 90-130 °C. In addition, the apparent rate constant is in inverse relationship with themean initial particle radius. The results of this study showed that the leaching of sphalerite was areaction controlled process.Bu makalede, sfalerit konsantresinin amonyak çözeltisinde liç kinetiğine ait bir çalışmasunulmuştur. Amonyak konsantrasyonunun, oksijen kısmi basıncının, reaksiyon sıcaklığının ve taneboyutunun liç hızına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneylerden elde edilen sonuçlara küçülen partikül modeliuygulanmıştır. Oksijen kısmi basıncına PO2 (1-10 atm) ve NH3 konsantrasyonuna (1.05-5.20 M) görereaksiyon dereceleri sırasıyla 0.22 ve 0.63 olarak bulunmuştur. 90-130 °C aralığında aktivasyonenerjisinin 43.59 kj/mol olduğu belirlenmiştir. Görünür hız sabitinin ortalama başlangıç tane yarıçapı ileters ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar sfalerit liçinin reaksiyon kontrollübir proses olduğunu göstermiştir

ÖRGÜTLERDE TAKIM ÇALIŞMASINA YÖNELİK ETKİN LİDERLİK NİTELİKLERİ

Küresel ekonomik süreçte işletmelerin başarısıçevresel değişimlerin etkili yönetimi ile mümkündür. Bu bağlamda etkili yönetim işletmelerin mali ve fiziki kaynaklarıkadar insan kaynaklarının da etkili kullanılmasına bağlıdır. Örgütsel verimliliğin ve etkinliğin arttırılmasında, misyon ve vizyon kararlarının oluşturulmasında ve amaçların realize edilebilmesinde, kararlı, tatmin duygusuna sahip ve motive olmuşinsan kaynağının varlığıbir zorunluluktur. Bu amaçla günümüzde örgütlerde takım olgusu motive olmuşinsan kaynağının sinerjik etkisinden yararlanmanın bir aracıolarak görülmelidir. Etkili liderlik anlayışıçerçevesinde örgütsel esnekliğin sağlanarak, değişen işçevresinin daha etkin yönetilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu süreçte ortaya konulan liderlik özellikleri belirleyici olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada modern yönetim sürecinin önemli bir parçasınıoluşturan takım çalışmasıolgusu, temel stratejiler ve etkili takım yönetimi için sahip olunmasıgerekli liderlik nitelikleri teorik olarak incelenmiştir

Surgical treatment of preschool childhood spinal thoracic tuberculosis: Two case reports and technical note

Background: The development of paraplegia and kyphosis are two important problems related to spinal tuberculosis (Pott’s disease) in children. The current study aims to present two pediatric Pott’s disease, point out the progression of this disease in children, surgical options and surgical outcomes.Materials and methods: Two cases of childhood Pott’s disease were referred to our department with progressive neurological deficits (both of children were experienced bilateral weakness in lower extremities; grade C according to Frankel scale) during short periods (less than one month per each). Both cases’ MRIs are demonstrated abscesses in thoracic spine. Both patients are treated surgically. We discussed in this study the technical notes in both cases, especially in 2-year-old child.Results: Both cases were treated surgically after decompressing nerve roots and thecal sac posterior instrumentation was applied. Microbiological examination of both samples revealed on M.Tuberculosis. Orthoses are applied three months after operations. Antituberculosis medication protocol was applied. Preoperative paraparesis had recovered completely and muscle strengths all returned to normal in both children. There is no loss of correction during the follow-up periods.Conclusion: Spinal tuberculosis is a dynamic disease that may lead to severe deformities in childhood. Especially in cases where two or more vertebrae are affected, early surgical treatment is essential to prevent severe kyphosis. Surgical intervention accompanied with antituberculosis medications protocol is essential to cure treatment in pediatric population. In children aged ?6 years and more than one vertebrae were affected, f?bula can be used to allow growth of the child vertebral column

ANALİTİK HİYERARŞİ PROSES YÖNTEMİ İLE RÜZGAR TÜRBİN SEÇİMİ

In this study, the criteria that need to be considered for the selection of an appropriate wind turbine brand were settled based on a predetermined location of wind turbine. A hierarchical structure was established and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) method was applied on the decision of selection for the best wind turbine among candidate turbine brands by means of this structure. Results obtained by this way were evaluated and the turbine which is selected among alternative turbine brands was investigated in detail.Bu çalışmada kuruluş yeri önceden tespit edilen bir rüzgâr türbini için uygun türbin markası seçiminde  dikkat  edilmesi  gereken  kriterler  belirlenmiştir.  Kriterlere  uygun  hiyerarşik  bir  yapı oluşturulmuş ve bu yapıya göre belirlenen markalar arasından en iyi rüzgâr türbini seçim kararına, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) yöntemi uygulanılmıştır. Bu yolla elde edilen sonuçlar değerlendirilmiş ve alternatif rüzgâr türbini markaları arasından hangisinin seçileceği detaylı olarak incelenilmiştir.