Analytical techniques for multiplex analysis of protein biomarkers

Introduction: The importance of biomarkers for pharmaceutical drug development and clinical diagnostics is more significant than ever in the current shift toward personalized medicine. Biomarkers have taken a central position either as companion markers to support drug development and patient selection, or as indicators aiming to detect the earliest perturbations indicative of disease, minimizing therapeutic intervention or even enabling disease reversal. Protein biomarkers are of particular interest given their central role in biochemical pathways. Hence, capabilities to analyze multiple protein biomarkers in one assay are highly interesting for biomedical research. Areas covered: We here review multiple methods that are suitable for robust, high throughput, standardized, and affordable analysis of protein biomarkers in a multiplex format. We describe innovative developments in immunoassays, the vanguard of methods in clinical laboratories, and mass spectrometry, increasingly implemented for protein biomarker analysis. Moreover, emerging techniques are discussed with potentially improved protein capture, separation, and detection that will further boost multiplex analyses. Expert commentary: The development of clinically applied multiplex protein biomarker assays is essential as multi-protein signatures provide more comprehensive information about biological systems than single biomarkers, leading to improved insights in mechanisms of disease, diagnostics, and the effect of personalized medicine

Systematic review on recent potential biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and associated with decreased lung function and inflammation. The heterogeneity of COPD and its molecular and clinical features hinder efficient patient stratification and introduction of personalized therapeutic approaches. The available clinical tools do not efficiently predict the progression and exacerbations of the disease. Areas covered: An overview of the most recent studies on putative COPD protein biomarkers and the challenges for implementing their use in the clinical setting is presented. Expert commentary: Proteomics biomarker discovery in COPD has mostly focused on approaches evaluating specific proteins on a limited number of samples. The most promising protein candidates can be classified into five main biological categories: extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, inflammation/immune response, oxidative stress response, vascular tone regulation, and lipid metabolism. To efficiently stratify COPD patients and predict exacerbations, it will be necessary to implement biomarker panels to better represent the complex pathophysiology of this disease. The application of unbiased proteomics and bioinformatics followed by appropriate clinical validation studies will contribute to the achievement of this aim while increasing the number of validated biomarkers that can enter the qualification processes by the regulatory entities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Paper-Based Analytical Methods for Smartphone Sensing with Functional Nanoparticles: Bridges from Smart Surfaces to Global Health

WOS: 000449722500002PubMed ID: 30222319Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [117Z609]; COST ActionEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [CA16113]; Council of Scientist Support Program (BIDEB)This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project number 117Z609) and COST Action CA16113 C1iniMARK: "good biomarker practice" to increase the number of clinically validated biomarkers' as the main action. Additionally, Council of Scientist Support Program (BIDEB) is acknowledged for their financial support for E. Aydindogan

A Bottom-Up Approach for Developing Aptasensors for Abused Drugs: Biosensors in Forensics

Evran, Serap/0000-0001-6676-4888; Aydindogan, Eda/0000-0003-4882-6445; BALABAN, Simge/0000-0002-4540-1882WOS: 000505735900018PubMed: 31581533Aptamer-based point-of-care (POC) diagnostics platforms may be of substantial benefit in forensic analysis as they provide rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, and selective analysis tools for detection. Aptasensors have not yet been adapted commercially. However, the significance of the applications of aptasensors in the literature exceeded their potential. Herein, in this review, a bottom-up approach is followed to describe the aptasensor development and application procedure, starting from the synthesis of the corresponding aptamer sequence for the selected analyte to creating a smart surface for the sensitive detection of the molecule of interest. Optical and electrochemical biosensing platforms, which are designed with aptamers as recognition molecules, detecting abused drugs are critically reviewed, and existing and possible applications of different designs are discussed. Several potential disciplines in which aptamer-based biosensing technology can be of greatest value, including forensic drug analysis and biological evidence, are then highlighted to encourage researchers to focus on developing aptasensors in these specific areas.Republic of Turkey, Ministry of DevelopmentTurkiye Cumhuriyeti Kalkinma Bakanligi [2016K121190]Researches were funded by the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Development, grant number 2016K121190

An Electrochemical Biosensor Platform for Testing of Dehydroepiandrosterone 3-Sulfate (DHEA-S) as a Model for Doping Materials

WOS: 000483184500001Endogenous steroids such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEA-S) have commonly used as doping materials by athletes and to date novel techniques are needed for detection of these molecules. In this study, antibody-based electrochemical biosensor has developed for testing level of the DHEA-S. For this aim, gold surfaces were initially modified with cysteamine (Cys) and then, DHEA-S antibody was immobilized on the surface via glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent. The stepwise modification of electrode surface was monitored by using various electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Linear range was determined as 2.5-100 ng/mL DHEA-S using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique, as well. Moreover, repeatability (+/- S.D.), coefficient of variation (%) and limit of detection (LOD) values were calculated as 0.033, 1.030 and 3.971, respectively. Also, DHEA-S in synthetic serum and urine samples were successfully determined with standard addition method and confirmation analysis were performed with liquid chromatography quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) system. The selectivity was studied with the addition of some interfering molecules (testosterone, bovine serum albumin (BSA), cholesterol, uric acid, lactic acid, codein (COD), ascorbic acid, DHEA). Consequently, this work is proposed as practical, innovative and cost-effective technique that can be easily adapted for the miniaturized form for the analysis of other doping substances as well as DHEA-S for the future works.Ege University Scientific Research Project Coordination (BAP)Ege University [18-EGE-MATAL-001]; [16-DPT-001]This study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Project Coordination (BAP) coded 18-EGE-MATAL-001. All experiments were conducted in Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL). Also, throughout all experiments, facilities provided by 16-DPT-001 project were used

Laser‐scribed Graphene Electrodes as an Electrochemical Immunosensing Platform for Cancer Biomarker ‘eIF3d’

eIF3d is a protein biomarker which has a potential for the diagnosis of various cancers. Herein, a bio-platform was constructed for eIF3d sensing by using LSG and surface functionalization with anti eIF3d antibody via EDC/NHS chemistry. Following the surface modifications, XPS and several electrochemical methods were used. Difference in the signals were related to biomarker amounts between 75-500 ng/mL. LOD was calculated as 50.4 ng/mL. Selectivity of biosensor was tested by using of various interference molecules. EIF3d was also successfully detected in synthetic biological samples. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this study is one of the rare studies on use of LSGs in immunosensor studies.King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah University of Science & TechnologyThe authors would like to express their acknowledgements to the financial support of funding from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. Biosensing experiments as well as SEM and XPS analysis were conducted in Ege University, Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL)

Surface Modification with a Catechol-Bearing Polypeptide and Sensing Applications

A novel catechol-bearing polypeptide (CtP) was synthesized and used as a component of electrochemical biosensor involving both enzymatic activity and affinity-based sensing systems. Glucose oxidase (GOx) and anti-immunoglobulin G (Anti-IgG) were selected as model biorecognition elements for the selective analysis of glucose and IgG. Step-by-step surface modifications were followed using various techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, contact angles were measured in order to observe surface properties. Amperometric measurements using the GOx biosensor were performed at −0.7 V by following the oxygen consumption due to the enzymatic reaction in different glucose concentrations. Affinity-based interactions via IgG sensor were monitored using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. As the “surface design with CtP” approach employed herein is generally applicable and easily adaptable to obtain functional matrices for biomolecule immobilization, CtP-coated surfaces can be promising platforms for the fabrication of various biobased sensing systems