Review of nanomaterials in dentistry: interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards, and benefits.

Interest in the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as either nanomedicines or dental materials/devices in clinical dentistry is growing. This review aims to detail the ultrafine structure, chemical composition, and reactivity of dental tissues in the context of interactions with ENMs, including the saliva, pellicle layer, and oral biofilm; then describes the applications of ENMs in dentistry in context with beneficial clinical outcomes versus potential risks. The flow rate and quality of saliva are likely to influence the behavior of ENMs in the oral cavity, but how the protein corona formed on the ENMs will alter bioavailability, or interact with the structure and proteins of the pellicle layer, as well as microbes in the biofilm, remains unclear. The tooth enamel is a dense crystalline structure that is likely to act as a barrier to ENM penetration, but underlying dentinal tubules are not. Consequently, ENMs may be used to strengthen dentine or regenerate pulp tissue. ENMs have dental applications as antibacterials for infection control, as nanofillers to improve the mechanical and bioactive properties of restoration materials, and as novel coatings on dental implants. Dentifrices and some related personal care products are already available for oral health applications. Overall, the clinical benefits generally outweigh the hazards of using ENMs in the oral cavity, and the latter should not prevent the responsible innovation of nanotechnology in dentistry. However, the clinical safety regulations for dental materials have not been specifically updated for ENMs, and some guidance on occupational health for practitioners is also needed. Knowledge gaps for future research include the formation of protein corona in the oral cavity, ENM diffusion through clinically relevant biofilms, and mechanistic investigations on how ENMs strengthen the tooth structure

Effectiveness and safety of cabazitaxel chemotherapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostatic carcinoma on Turkish patients (The Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology)

WOS: 000376904300006PubMed ID: 27097941OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is among the most common cancers in males. Prostate cancer is androgen dependent in the beginning, but as time progresses, it becomes refractory to androgen deprivation treatment. At this stage, docetaxel has been used as standard treatment for years. Cabazitaxel has become the first chemotherapeutic agent which has been shown to increase survival for patients with metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) that progresses after docetaxel. Phase 3 TROPIC study demonstrated that cabazitaxel prolongs survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, we evaluated a total of 103 patients who took cabazitaxel chemotherapy for mCRPC diagnosis in 21 centers of Turkey, retrospectively. This study included patients who progressed despite docetaxel treatments, had ECOG performance score between 0-2, and used cabazitaxel treatment. Patients received cabazitaxel 25 mg/m(2) at every 3 weeks, and prednisolone 5 mg twice a day. RESULTS: Median number of cabazitaxel cures was 5.03 (range: 1-17). Cabazitaxel response evaluation detected that 34% of the patients had a partial response, 22.3% had stable disease and 32% had a progressive disease. Grade 3-4 hematological toxicities were neutropenia (28.2%), neutropenic fever (14.5%), anemia (6.7%), and thrombocytopenia (3.8%). In our study, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7.7 months and overall survival (OS) was 10.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study reflects toxicity profile of Turkish patients as a Caucasian race. We suggest that cabazitaxel is a safe and effective treatment option for mCRPC patients who progress after docetaxel. Moreover, ethnicity may play important roles both in treatment response and in toxicity profile

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Turkey: Turkish Society of Nephrology-Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group

PMID = 3304024

Demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in Turkey: Turkish Society of Nephrology-Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group.

Background In our study, diagnostic and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with RPGN by biopsy, clinical and laboratory findings in our country were investigated. Methods Data were obtained from the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group database. Demographic characteristics, indications for biopsy, diagnosis of the glomerular diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and biopsy findings of all patients were recorded. According to their types, RPGN patients were classified as type 1 (anti-GBM related), type 2 (immuncomplex related) and type 3 (pauci-immune). Results Of 3875 patients, 200 patients with RPGN (mean age 47.9 +/- 16.7 years) were included in the study which constitutes 5.2% of the total glomerulonephritis database. Renal biopsy was performed in 147 (73.5%) patients due to nephritic syndrome. ANCA positivity was found in 121 (60.5%) patients. Type 1 RPGN was detected in 11 (5.5%), type 2 RPGN in 42 (21%) and type 3 RPGN in 147 (73.5%) patients. Median serum creatinine was 3.4 (1.9-5.7) mg/dl, glomerular filtration rate was 18 (10-37) ml/min/1.73m(2)and proteinuria 2100 (1229-3526) mg/day. The number of crescentic glomeruli ratio was ratio 52.7%. It was observed that urea and creatinine increased and calcium and hemoglobin decreased with increasing crescentic glomerular ratio. Conclusions Our data are generally compatible with the literature. Advanced chronic histopathological findings were prominent in the biopsy of 21 patients. Early biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of RPGN and to avoid unnecessary intensive immunosuppressive therapy. In addition to the treatments applied, detailed data, including patient and renal survival, are needed

LID - 10.1007/s10157-020-01978-6 [doi]

BACKGROUND: In our study, diagnostic and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with RPGN by biopsy, clinical and laboratory findings in our country were investigated. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) Working Group database. Demographic characteristics, indications for biopsy, diagnosis of the glomerular diseases, comorbidities, laboratory and biopsy findings of all patients were recorded. According to their types, RPGN patients were classified as type 1 (anti-GBM related), type 2 (immuncomplex related) and type 3 (pauci-immune). RESULTS: Of 3875 patients, 200 patients with RPGN (mean age 47.9 ± 16.7 years) were included in the study which constitutes 5.2% of the total glomerulonephritis database. Renal biopsy was performed in 147 (73.5%) patients due to nephritic syndrome. ANCA positivity was found in 121 (60.5%) patients. Type 1 RPGN was detected in 11 (5.5%), type 2 RPGN in 42 (21%) and type 3 RPGN in 147 (73.5%) patients. Median serum creatinine was 3.4 (1.9-5.7) mg/dl, glomerular filtration rate was 18 (10-37) ml/min/1.73m(2) and proteinuria 2100 (1229-3526) mg/day. The number of crescentic glomeruli ratio was ratio 52.7%. It was observed that urea and creatinine increased and calcium and hemoglobin decreased with increasing crescentic glomerular ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are generally compatible with the literature. Advanced chronic histopathological findings were prominent in the biopsy of 21 patients. Early biopsy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of RPGN and to avoid unnecessary intensive immunosuppressive therapy. In addition to the treatments applied, detailed data, including patient and renal survival, are needed

Quantification of Antibiotic in Biofilm-Inhibiting Multilayers by 7.87 eV Laser Desorption Postionization MS Imaging

The potential of laser desorption postionization mass spectrometry (LDPI-MS) imaging for small molecule quantification is demonstrated here. The N-methylpiperazine acetamide of (MPA) ampicillin was adsorbed into polyelectrolyte multilayer surface coatings composed of chitosan and alginate, both high molecular weight biopolymers. These MPA-ampicillin spiked multilayers were then shown to inhibit the growth of E. faecalis biofilms that play a role in early stage infection of implanted medical devices. Finally, LDPI-MS imaging using 7.87 eV single photon ionization was found to detect MPA-ampicillin with the multilayers before and after biofilm growth with limits of quantification and detection of 0.6 and 0.3 nmoles, respectively. The capabilities of LDPI-MS imaging for small molecule quantification are compared to those of MALDI-MS. Furthermore, these results indicate that 7.87 eV LDPI-MS imaging should be applicable to quantification of a range of small molecular species on a variety of complex organic and biological surfaces. Finally, while MS imaging for quantification was demonstrated here using LDPI, it is a generally useful strategy that can be applied to other methods

in Turkey: the data from TSN-GOLD Working Group

Purpose Hematuria is one of the most common laboratory findings in nephrology practice. To date, there is no enough data regarding the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of primary glomerular disease (PGD) patients with hematuria in our country. Methods Data were obtained from national multicenter (47 centers) data entered into the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) database between May 2009 and June 2019. The data of all PGD patients over the age of 16 years who were diagnosed with renal biopsy and had hematuria data were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, laboratory and biopsy findings were also recorded. Results Data of 3394 PGD patients were included in the study. While 1699 (50.1%) patients had hematuria, 1695 (49.9%) patients did not have hematuria. Patients with hematuria had statistically higher systolic blood pressure, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, levels and urine pyuria. However, these patients had statistically lower age, body mass index, presence of hypertension and diabetes, eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and C3 levels when compared with patients without hematuria. Hematuria was present 609 of 1733 patients (35.8%) among the patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, while it was presented in 1090 of 1661 (64.2%) patients in non-nephrotics (p < 0.001). Conclusion This is the first multicenter national report regarding the demographic and histopathologic data of PGD patients with or without hematuria. Hematuria, a feature of nephritic syndrome, was found at a higher than expected in the PGDs presenting with nephrotic syndrome in our national database.C1 [Sumnu, Abdullah] Medipol Univ, Med Fac, Dept Nephrol, Medipol Mega Hastanesi, Goztepe Mahallesi Metin Sk 4, Istanbul, Turkey.[Turkmen, Kultigin] Necmettin Erbakan Univ, Meram Med Fac, Nephrol, Konya, Turkey.[Cebeci, Egemen; Uzun, Sami; Ozturk, Savas] Haseki Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Turkmen, Aydin] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Med Fac, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Eren, Necmi; Ergul, Metin] Kocaeli Univ, Nephrol Med Fac, Kocaeli, Turkey.[Seyahi, Nurhan; Dincer, Mevlut Tamer] Istanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Fac, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Oruc, Aysegul; Gullulu, Mustafa] Uludag Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Bursa, Turkey.[Dede, Fatih; Piskinpasa, Serhan] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Ankara, Turkey.[Derici, Ulver; Akcay, Omer Faruk] Gazi Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Ankara, Turkey.[Basturk, Taner; Unsal, Abdulkadir] Hamidiye Sisli Etfal Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Sahin, Garip] Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Eskisehir, Turkey.[Sipahioglu, Murat; Koyuncu, Sumeyra] Erciyes Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Kayseri, Turkey.[Sahin, Gulizar Manga; Gok, Mahmut] Sultan Abdulhamit Han Res & Training Hosp, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Tatar, Erhan] Bozyaka Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Izmir, Turkey.[Dursun, Belda] Pamukkale Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Denizli, Turkey.[Sipahi, Savas] Sakarya Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Sakarya, Turkey.[Yilmaz, Murvet] Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Suleymanlar, Gultekin] Akdeniz Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Antalya, Turkey.[Ulu, Sena] Afyon Kocatepe Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Afyon, Turkey.[Gungor, Ozkan] Sutcu Imam Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.[Kutlay, Sim] Ankara Univ, Ibni Sina Hosp, Med Fac, Nephrol, Ankara, Turkey.[Bahcebasi, Zerrin Bicik] Dr Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Sahin, Idris] Inonu Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Malatya, Turkey.[Kurultak, Ilhan] Trakya Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Edirne, Turkey.[Sevinc, Can] Ataturk Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Erzurum, Turkey.[Yilmaz, Zulfikar] Dicle Univ, Diyarbakir, Turkey.[Kazancioglu, Rumeyza Turan] Bezmialem Vakif Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Istanbul, Turkey.[Cavdar, Caner] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Izmir, Turkey.[Candan, Ferhan] Cumhuriyet Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Sivas, Turkey.[Aydin, Zeki] Darica Farabi Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Kocaeli, Turkey.[Oygar, Deren] Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hosp, Nephrol, Nicosia, Cyprus.[Gul, Bulent] Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training & Res Hosp, Nephrol, Bursa, Turkey.[Altun, Bulent] Hacettepe Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Ankara, Turkey.[Paydas, Saime] Cukurova Univ, Med Fac, Nephrol, Adana, Turkey.[Istemihan, Zulal] Istanbul Univ, Istanbul Med Fac, Internal Med, Istanbul, Turkey