The Combined Contribution of Fear and Perceived Danger of COVID-19 and Metacognitions to Anxiety Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Despite a wide base of research suggesting a major role for dysfunctional metacognitions in contributing to anxiety, their role in explaining psychological distress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. In this study we investigated whether metacognitions would predict anxiety, while controlling for fear and perceived danger of COVID-19. A total of 862 individuals were included in this study. Participants completed sociodemographic questions, emotional state questions relating to COVID-19, the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. Results showed that both negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger, and cognitive self-consciousness were significant predictors of anxiety beyond the fear and perceived danger of COVID-19. Future studies involving clinical populations are needed to investigate the longer-term impact of metacognitions in the maintenance and exacerbation of anxiety associated with the fear and perceived danger of COVID-19

Syntactic and Prosodic Processing of Quantifier Ambiguity in Turkish

There is a robust debate on different linguistic levels of quantifier ambiguity resolution. Many accounts of the quantifier ambiguity are extensively examined in Turkish by semantic-prosodic and syntactic-semantic levels in previous studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prosodic and syntactic processes of the universal quantifier (her (‘every’) and existential quantifier bir (‘a/an’)) by using an on-line picture matching experiment with 75 young adults and native speakers of Turkish. Our stimuli consisted of 120 sentences (30×4) for each of the conditions with order (her–bir (‘every–a/an’) vs. bir–her ‘a/an–every’) × focus (subject position vs. object position), respectively. In each trial, participants were asked to listen to the auditory stimuli and to judge sentences they heard. Our findings showed that the focused existential quantifier bir (‘a/an’) assigned wider scope than the universal quantifier her (‘every’) for the judgment task rates. This finding suggested that participants preferred the collective reading both for the focused universal quantifier her (‘every’) and focused existential quantifier bir (‘a/an’). For reaction times (RTs), participants favored distributive reading since the reaction times were faster in distributive reading than collective reading. This study supported the previous claims that syntactic processing has an initial role in disambiguation between collective and distributive readings

SOTOS SYNDROME: A RARE CAUSE OF TALL STATURE

Sotos sendromu, endokrin bir bozukluk olmaksızın hızlı büyümeyle karakterize birhastalıktır. Ondört yaşında kız hasta boy uzunluğu şikayeti nedeniyle başvurdu. Doğumdave postnatal izlemlerinde boyunun yaşıtlarına göre üst sınırlarda olduğuöğrenilen hastanın klinik incelemelerinde mental retardasyon, makrosefali ve üstsınırda boy persentili saptandı. Bu bulgularla olguya sotos sendromu tanısı konuldu.Bu olgu sunumumuzda aşırı boy uzaması yakınması ile başvuran ve fizik muayenesindedismorfik bulgular saptanan hastaların ayırıcı tanısında sotos sendromunununda düşünülmesinin vurgulanması istenildi.Sotos syndrome is a disorder which is characterized by rapid growth without anyendocrine defect. A 14-year-old female patient was admitted with a complaint of tallstature. Her history revealed that her height was at the upper limits compared to herpeers at the time of birth and during the postnatal follow-ups. Clinical examinationsshowed mental retardation, macrocephaly, and a height percentile at the upper limit.Sotos syndrome was diagnosed with these clinic findings. In this case report, we aimedto stress the necessity of considering the rarely seen Sotos syndrome when making thedifferential diagnosis of patients who apply with the complaint of excessive growth anddemonstrate dismorphic findings at the physical examination

New concepts for traffic, resource and mobility management in software-defined mobile networks

The evolution of mobile telecommunication networks is accompanied by new demands for the performance, portability, elasticity, and energy efficiency of network functions. Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software Defined Networking (SDN), and cloud service technologies are claimed to be able to provide most of the capabilities. However, great leap forward will only be achieved if resource, traffic, and mobility management methods of mobile network services can efficiently utilize these technologies. This paper conceptualizes the future requirements of mobile networks and proposes new concepts and solutions in the form of Software-Defined Mobile Networks (SDMN) leveraging SDN, NFV and cloud technologies. We evaluate the proposed solutions through testbed implementations and simulations. The results reveal that our proposed SDMN enhancements supports heterogeneity in wireless networks with performance improvements through programmable interfaces and centralized control

Serum lipid and lipoprotein alterations in children with iron deficiency anemia

Daha önceden yapılan bazı çalışmalarda yüksek vücut depo demiri artmış koroner kalp hastalığı riski ile ilişkili bulunmuştu. Koroner kalp hastalığına yakalanmanın serum lipid ve lipoprotein düzeyleri ile ilişkili olması nedeniyle, demir eksikliğinin kardiyovasküler risk üzerine olan etkisini araştırmak üzere, demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) bulunan çocuklarda serum lipid ve lipoprotein profilim araştırdık. Kont-rollerle karşılaştırıldığında, DEA 'h çocuklarda düşük kardiyovasküler riski gösteren, artmış HDL-koles-terol, apolipoprotein A-l ve azalmış total kolesterol ve lipoprotein (a) düzeylerine rastlandı. Demir ek-sikliği anemili çocuklardaki düşük aterojenik serum lipid profili kısmen bu çocukların diyetle aldıkları yüksek doymamış yağ asidi ve düşük doymuş yağ asidi miktarına bağlandı. Demir eksikliği lipid ve li-poprotein metabolizmasını kardiyovasküler riski azaltıcı yönde etkiliyor gözükmektedir.Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Alterations in Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia High body iron stores have been demonstrated to be associated with increased coronary heart disease. Because susceptibility to coronary bean disease is related to serum lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities, we studied serum lipid and lipoprotein profile of children with iron deficiency anemia to investigate the effect of iron deficiency on cardiovascular risk. The low-risk lipid trait of high HDL-cholesterol, apolipop-rotein A-l and low total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) were found in children with iron deficiency anemia as compared to age and sex matched controls. Low atherogenic serum lipid pro-file of iron deficient children was partly concordant with their dietary intake of fatty acid composition. Iron deficiency appeared to have some beneficial effects on the metabolism of lipids decreasing cardi-ovascular risk

Frequency of iron deficiency anemia among pediatric outpatients

Amaç: Hastaneye başvuran çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) sıklığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesine başvuran 1656 çocukta hemoglobin, hematokrit, ortalama eritrosit volümü, ortalama eritrosit hemoglobini, periferik yayma, retikülosit sayımı, serum ferritin ve serum demir-serum demir bağlama kapasitesi çalışıldı. Kronik hastalığı olanlar, prematürelik anemisi tanısı konanlar ile talasemi taşıyıcısı olduğu saptananlar çalışma kapsamına alınmadı. Süt çocukları için anne sütü alımı ve ek gıdaya geçiş sorgulandı. Fizik muayene ve öyküde şüphelenilenlere dışkıda parazit ve gizli kan bakıldı. Bulgular: Hastaneye başvuran ve yaşları 2 ay-15 yıl arasında değişen (ortalama 33.8 ay) çocuklarda demir eksikliği anemisi sıklığı % 17.8 olarak bulundu. Demir eksikliği anemisi en sık 7-24 ay arasında olup (% 31.7), bunu 3-5 yaş grubu (% 20.3), ve 6-11 yaş grubu (% 8.3) ve 2-6 aylık grup (% 7.5) ile izlemektedir. En düşük DEA sıklığı 12-15 yaş grubunda (% 6.8) bulunmuştur. Altı yaş altındaki çocuklarda DEA prevalansı % 22.6, 6-15 yaş arası çocuklarda % 7.8 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: DEA önlenebilir yaygın bir hematolojik problem olduğu için çocuk hekimleri bu probleme daha fazla ilgi göstermelidirler.Objective: To establish the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among children applied to the hospital was aimed. Methods: On 1656 children applied to the Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, blood smear, reticulocyte count, serum ferritine and serum iron binding capacity were studied. Any child had any chronic disease,prematurity anemia and thalassemia trait were excluded. Human milk and additional food utilization were inquired for infants. Parasites and occult blood were examined for whom suspected from physical examination and history. Results: The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was found to be 17.8% among 1656 children aged 2 months-15 years (mean 33.8 months) who were followed in Celal Bayar University Hospital. The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was highest among infants aged between 7-24 months (31.7%) followed by the 3-5 years group (20.3%), 6-11 years group (8.3 %), and 2-6 months group (7.5%), respectively. The lowest frequency of iron deficiency anemia was in 12-15 years group (6.8%). The frequency of iron deficiency anemia was 22.6% in children aged under 6 years and 7.8% in children aged 6 years or over. Conclusion: Since iron deficiency anemia is a common hematological problem that can be prevented, pediatricians should pay more attention to this problem

Hiperkolesterolemi ile indüklenen alzheimer hastalığının patolojisinde endoplazmik retikulum stresin rolünün incelenmesi

1. Amaç: Tavşanlarda yüksek kolesterollü diyetin Alzheimer hastalığı üzerine etkilerini bunun yanı sıra endoplazmik retikulum stresin beyin dokusu üzerine olan etkisinin aydınlatılması ve vitamin E'nin bu etki üzerindeki rolünün incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada yaşları 2-4 ay arasında değişen 24 adet erkek albino tavşan kullanıldı. 1. Grup: Kontrol. 2. Grup: % 2 kolesterol içeren yem ile beslendi. 3. Grup: normal yem + vitamin E (i.m.50 mg/kg/gün) uygulandı. 4. Grup: % 2 kolesterol içeren yem + vitamin E (i.m.50 mg/kg/gün) uygulandı. 8 hafta sonunda tavşanlardan kan örnekleri ve hipokampüs dokusu alındı. Kan kolesterol değerleri Hitachi Modüler sistem ile, kan vitamin E düzeyleri ise HPLC ile ölçüldü. Hipokampüs dokusunda proteazom aktivitesi metilkumarinin floresans olarak ölçülmesi ile belirlendi. BACE1, GRP78 ve GRP94 protein miktarları western blotting ile tayin edildi. Bulgular: Yüksek kolesterollü diyetin serum kolesterol düzeylerini yaklaşık 40 kat arttırdığı gözlendi. Serum okside LDL değerleri kolesterol verilen grupta anlamlı şekilde yükseldi. BACE 1 ve GRP 78 protein ekspresyonlarında gruplar arasında anlamlı değişimler gözlenirken, GRP94 ekspresyonunda bir anlam belirlenmedi. Proteazom aktvitesinde vitamin E verilen grupta kolesterol+vitamin E verilen gruba göre anlamlı bir düşüş görüldü. Sonuçlar: Tavşanlarda oluşturulan hiperkolesterolemi’nin beyin dokusunda ER stres’in tetiklenmesine sebep olduğu, Alzheimer hastalığında en önemli rollerden birine sahip olan BACE1 aktivitesini arttırdığı ve proteazomal aktivite açısından vitamin E nin etkisini göstermiş oldu. Anahtar Sözcükler: Hiperkolesterolemi, Alzheimer hastalığı, endoplazmik retikulum stres, vitamin E, proteazom 1. Abstract Aim: The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of high cholesterol diet on Alzheimer’s disease in rabbits. Also, the effects of Vitamin E and endoplasmic reticulum stress on the brain tissues will be analyzed. Materials and Methods: In this study, 24 albino rabbits between 2-4 months of age were used. Group1. Control. Group 2: Rabbits were fed with feed containing 2% cholesterol. Group 3: Feed + vitamin E (50 mg/kg/day), Group 4: Feed containing 2% cholesterol + vitamin E (50 mg/kg/day). At the end of 8 weeks, blood samples and hippocampus tissue were collected from the rabbits. Blood cholesterol values and blood vitamin E levels were analyzed with Hitachi Modular system and HPLC, respectively. Proteasome activity in hippocampus tissue was determined with the fluorescense measurement of methlycoumarin. Amounts of BACE1, GRP78 and GRP94 proteins were determined with western blotting. Results: It was observed that high cholesterol diet raises serum cholesterol levels by 40-fold, approximately. Serum oxidized LDL values were significantly higher in the group that is subjected to cholesterol. While there were significant differences among the groups in the expressions of BACE 1 and GRP 78 proteins, this was not the case for GRP94 expressions. Compared to the group which was given cholesterol + vitamin E, there was a noteworthy decrease in proteasome activity in the group which was given vitamin E only. Conclusion: It was shown that the hypercholesterolemia created in rabbits induces ER stress in the brain tissue; BACE1 activity, which has one of the most substantial roles in Alzheimer’s disease, was increased, and vitamin E is effective regarding proteasomal activity. Keywords: Hypercholesterolemia, Alzheimer disease, endoplasmic reticulum stress, vitamin E, proteasom