THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS’ SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AND RESISTANCES TO CHANGE

Self-efficacy is referring to the people’ perceptions and beliefs regarding their thinking, creativity, ability and know-how. Concepts such as change, development, novelty and innovation are studied in educational institutions and schools more than as in all institutions and businesses. In this concept, the relationship between people’ self-efficacy perceptions and the ability of people to cope with the problems in the process of change and to produce new solutions to these problems is a matter of curiosity. For this reason, teachers’ perceptions regarding self-efficacy and resistance to change were investigated. The aim of the study is to determine the self-efficacy and resistance to change levels of primary school teachers and to determine the level of resistance to change of variables mentioned in the self-efficacy. Relational screening model was used in the study and the data obtained by quantitative data collection. The sample of this research consists 368 teachers serving in 40 official primary schools in Manisa-Salihli in 2013-2014 education year. The data of the study were obtained by ‘’Teachers’ Resistance to Change Scale’’ and ‘’General Self-Efficacy Scale.’’ Data analysis included frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, r- statistic and multiple regression analysis tests. As a result of the research, it is seen that teachers’ self-efficacy perceptions are ‘’I agree’’ in all the sub-dimensions and in every part of the scale, and teachers’ perceptions of resistance to change are ‘’I do not agree‘’ in all sub-dimensions and in every part of the scale. Self-efficacy explains indifference size of resistance to change is as 19 %, passive-active resistance is as 13 % and reluctance dimension is as 16 % in a low level. Low levels do not mean that self-efficacy is less effective in resistance to change. Almost 20 % of these factors are important in resistance to change, and other factors are required to be detected.  Article visualizations

Ekstra-torasik maligniteli hastalarda EBUS-TBİA tanı değeri ve PET-BT ile ilişkisi

Bu çalışma, 2019 yılında Bodrum[Türkiye]'da düzenlenen TRS Kongresi'nde bildiri olarak sunulmuştur.Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a well-established diagnostic tool for lung cancer, sarcoidosis, and suspected metastatic extra-thoracic malignancy (ETM). Patients with primary ETM often have hypermetabolic mediastinal/hilar lymph node enlargement in the PET-scan done for initial staging or post treatment follow-up. We aimed to determine the diagnostic performance of EBUS-TBNA and the relationship between PET-SUV values and diagnosis of malignancy metastasis in patients with ETM. Materials and Methods: Results of EBUS-TBNA in ETM patients with suspected MLN metastasis were retrospectively analysed (May 2016 to July 2019). Non-malign results were confirmed for surgery or clinical/radiological follow-up. Lymph nodes with a high FDG-uptake (SUV > 2.5, MLN) were reported as suspicious for metastasis. Results: Of the 588 EBUS procedures, 109 were included in the analysis. Patient' mean age was 62.5 +/- 10.1 years; there were 35 men and 74 women. Primary malignancies were breast cancer in 33, gastrointestinal in 23, female genital tract in 17, head and neck in 14, genitourinary cancer in 13, malignant melanoma in 6, sarcoma in 2 and kaposi sarcoma in 1. According to EBUS-TBNA smear and cell block histopathologic evaluations, 16 patients' results (14.7%) were malignant compatible with metastasis of ETM. Among the 93 patients with non-malignant diagnosis, EBUS-TBNA revealed a granulomatous lympadenitis compatible with sarcoid reaction in 7 and tuberculosis in 2. A total of 9 patients underwent surgical procedures after EBUS-TBNA, with a definitive histological diagnosis of granulomatous lymphadenitis in 2, malignancy in 5 and, reactive lymph node in 2. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were 76.19% (95% CI 52.83-91.78), 100% (95% CI 95.89-100.00), 100%, 94.62% (95% CI 89.12-97.12) and 95.4%, respectively. Conclusion: EBUS-TBNA sampling has high diagnostic performance. Histopathological confirmation requirement for MLN should be kept in mind in patients with ETM, even they have negative EBUS results.Giriş: Endobronşial ultrason-kılavuzluğunda transbronşial iğne aspirasyonu (EBUS-TBİA), akciğer kanseri, sarkoidoz ve metastatik ekstra-torasik malignitelerde (ETM) iyi tanımlanmış bir tanı yöntemidir. Primer ETM evrelemesi ve tedavi sonrası takipte, mediastinal/ hiler lenf nodu (MLN) genişlemesi sık görülmektedir. ETM tanısı olan hastalarda EBUS-TBİA tanı performansı, PET-SUV değerleri ile malign metastaz tanısı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı hedefledik. Materyal ve Metod: Şüpheli malign metastaz olan ETM hastalarında yapılan EBUS-TBİA sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edildi (Mayıs 2016-Temmuz 2019). Malign olmayan sonuçlar cerrahi veya klinik/radyolojik takip ile konfirme edildi. Yüksek FDG-uptake olan (SUV > 2.5, MLN) lenf nodları metastaz şüpheli olarak raporlandı. Bulgular: Toplam 588 EBUS işleminden 109'u analize dahil edildi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 62.5 ± 10.1; 35'i erkek, 74'ü kadın idi. Primer malignitelerin, 33’ü meme kanseri, 23'ü gastrointestinal, 17'si kadın genital sistem, 14'ü baş-boyun, 13’ü genitoüriner kanser, 6'sı malign melanom, 2'si sarkom ve 1'i kaposi sarkomu idi. EBUS-TBİA yayma ve hücre bloğu histopatolojik sonuçlarına göre 16 hastada (%14.7) ETM metastazı ile uyumlu malignite saptandı. Malign olmayan 93 hastadan 7'sinde sarkoid reaksiyon ile uyumlu granülomatöz lenfadenit, 2'sinde tüberküloz, 5'inde malignite bulundu. EBUS-TBİA sonrası cerrahi ile toplam 9 hastanın 2'sinde granülomatöz lenfadenit, 5'inde malignite ve 2’sinde reaktif lenf nodu saptandı. EBUS-TBİA için toplam duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif prediktif değer, negatif prediktif değer ve tanı doğruluğu, sırasıyla %76.19 (%95 GA 52.83-91.78), %100 (%95 GA 95.89-100.00), %100, %94.62 (%95 GA 89.12-97.12) ve %95.4 olarak saptandı. Sonuç: EBUS-TBİA örneklemesi tanı performansı yüksek bir yöntemdir. Negatif EBUS sonuçları olsa da, MLN genişlemesi olan ETM tanılı olgularda histopatolojik doğrulama gerekliliği akılda tutulmalıdır

Elementary and secondary school teachers’ resistance to organizational changeİlk ve ortaokul öğretmenlerinin örgütsel değişime dirençleri

The purpose of this study is to determine the perceptions of elementary and secondary school teachers about personal resistance to organizational change and practitioners and researchers finding whether these perceptions differentiate or not in terms of their individual/professional and schools’ characteristics. The survey has been applied to 368 teachers working in 40 elementary and secondary schools within Manisa Salihli in the 2013-2014 academic year. The inventory named “Teachers’ Resistance to Change” which is developed by the researches was used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, frequency,  percent (%), arithmetic average ( ), and standard deviation (ss) were computed and the techniques which are t-Test, Anova, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Cohen’s d were used. The results of the study have revealed that the teacher’ perceptions about resistance to organizational change are range of the “not agree” related to the total scale and the subscales. In addition, the teacher’ perceptions about resistance to organizational change have differentiated related to the total scle and some subscales according to their some individual/proffesional and and schools’ characteristics.  In these sitiation, respectively smalest and middle size school teachers, and teachers who served a project effectively are more open to change. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul ve ortaokullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerin örgütsel değişime gösterdikleri bireysel dirence ilişkin algılarını belirlemek, bu algılarının bireysel/mesleki ve okulların bazı özelliklerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını tespit ederek bu doğrultuda uygulayıcılara ve araştırmacılara öneriler geliştirmektir. Araştırma, 2013-2014 eğitim öğretim yılında Manisa İli Salihli İlçesi sınırları içinde yer alan 40 ilkokul ve ortaokulda görev yapmakta olan 368 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilmiş olan “Öğretmenlerin Değişime Direnci Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizlerinde frekans, yüzde (%), aritmetik ortalama ( ) ve standart sapma (ss) hesaplanmış ve t-Testi, Anova, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis ve Cohen’s d teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları öğretmenlerin, okullarında örgütsel değişime gösterilen dirence ilişkin algılarının tüm alt boyutlarda ve ölçek genelinde “katılmıyorum” aralığında olduğunu otaya koymuştur. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin değişime direnç algıları toplam ölçek ve alt boyutlar acısından bazı bireysel ve mesleki özelliklerine göre farklılaşmıştır. Buna göre, sırası ile küçük ve orta büyüklükteki okullardaki ve bir projede etkin görev alan öğretmenler değişime daha açıktırlar

Evaluation of Physical Exercise'S Effects on Low Back Pain Among University Students With Short Form-36 and Oswestry Disability Index

DergiPark: 762681tmsjAims: This study aims to investigate the main effects of physical exercise on lower back pain with the Short Form-36 Health Survey and Oswestry Disability Index scores. Methods: University students between 18-25 years old who suffer from low back pain were enrolled in the study. Short Form-36 Health Survey and Oswestry Disability Index were used as the reference scales of lower back pain and quality of life, respectively. There are some questions in the questionnaire to scale the average comfort of the place they sleep and sit during the day, which is the result of the Personal Comfort Score. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normal distributed variables. Correlation and Linear Regression were used to analyze data. SPSS 25.0 was used for all statistical analysis. Results: A total of 139 university students (94 females, 45 males) were included in the study. The median age was 20 years (IQR=2) for female students and 20 years (IQR=1) for male students. Oswestry Disability Index scores of fe- male students were higher, while Short Form-36 scores were lower than the male students. Male students' physical functioning scores were higher than female students. Each one-unit increase in Personal Comfort Score is associated with an increase in the rate between the energy/fatigue (3.34 units). Body Mass Index considerably affected the pain and Oswestry Disability Score, an increase in one unit of baseline BMI upsurged the Short Form-36 pain score to 0.13, and Oswestry disability score to 0.55. Conc- lusion: In our study, Body Mass Index is found to be associated with Oswestry Disability Index and Short Form-36 score, which are used for the severity of low back pain and defining the life quality and of patients. PCS had a positive correlation between energy/fatigue. In addition, There was a positive correlation between physical exercise and general health score

An investigation of social work students' perceptions of gender and dating violence attitudes in the context of various variables

Bu araştırma; sosyal hizmet bölümünde lisans düzeyinde eğitimine devam etmekte olan öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyet algılarının ve flört şiddeti tutumlarının farklı değişkenler bağlamında incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 356’sı kadın (%92) ve 31’i erkek (%8) olmak üzere 387 sosyal hizmet lisans öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Sosyo-Demografik Soru Formu, Terzioğlu ve ark. tarafından (2016) geliştirilen Flört Şiddeti Tutum Ölçeği (FŞTÖ) ve Altınova ve Duyan (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Toplumsal Cinsiyet Algısı Ölçeği (TCAÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları toplumsal cinsiyet rollerini kabullenici bir algının, flört şiddetini pekiştiren bir niteliğe sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda kadın katılımcıların toplumsal cinsiyete ilişkin puanlarının sıra ortalamalarının (200,27) erkek katılımcıların ölçekten almış oldukları puanların sıra ortalamalarından daha yüksek olduğu (121,98) ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0,00). Benzer şekilde araştırmada kadın katılımcıların flört şiddetine ilişkin puanlarının sıra ortalamalarının (200,92) erkek katılımcıların ölçekten almış oldukları puanların sıra ortalamalarından daha yüksek olduğu (114,48) ve aradaki farkın istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır (p=0,00). Araştırmada sınıf düzeyi değişkenine bağlı olarak algı ve tutumlarda herhangi bir anlamlı farklılığın ortaya çıkmadığı görülmüş, çekirdek aileye ve tek ebeveynli aileye sahip öğrencilerin puanlarının sıra ortalamalarının geniş ailelere mensup öğrencilere göre daha yüksek olduğu, aralarındaki farkın da istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu ortaya konmuştur (p=0,00). Bulgular bağlamında; sosyal hizmet öğrencileriyle toplumsal cinsiyete ve flört şiddetine yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilecek grup çalışmalarının ve eğitsel etkinliklerin mesleki bilincin oluşması adına önemli olduğu ifade edilebilmektedir.This study aims to examine the undergraduate social work students’ gender perceptions and their attitudes about dating violence in the context of different variables. The sample of the study consists of 387 social work undergraduate students, of which 356 (92%) are female and 31 (8%) are male. As data obtaining means The Socio-Demographic Question Form improved by the researcher, The Dating Violence Scale improved by Terzioğlu et al. (2016) and Perception of Gender Scale improved by Altınova and Duyan (2013) have been used. Research findings reveal that positive perception of gender reinforces negative attitudes about dating violence. At the same time, it was found that the mean rank of the gender-related scores of the female participants (200.27) was higher than the mean rank of the male participants from the scale (121.98), and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). Similarly, in the study, it was concluded that the mean rank of female participants' scores on dating violence (200.92) was higher than the mean rank of male participants' scores from the scale (114.48), and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). In the study, it was observed that there was no significant difference in perceptions and attitudes depending on the grade level variable. ,00). In the context of the findings; It can be stated that group work and educational activities to be carried out with social work students regarding gender and dating violence are important for the formation of professional awareness

Analysis of post-migration traumatic events influence on immigrants and their personality traits

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyse the way immigrants and their personality traits get affected by traumatic events in the post-migration process. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted through Google Forms with the involvement of 2,509 immigrants. A descriptive questionnaire, the "IFOMA Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale" and the "GADOT Personality Types Determination Scale" were used to collect the research data. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and related sample Friedman's two-way analysis tests were used in data analysis. RESULTS: Immigrants were exposed to significant effects in all sub-dimensions of the Post-Migration Post-Traumatic Effect Scale. Experiencing post-traumatic stress was found to be significantly related to the research parameters, which, respectively, are gender, age, marital status, educational background, legal status, years of living in the current country, employment status, ethnicity, Turkish language proficiency, and post-migration psychological problems (p < 0.05); 42.8% of the immigrants had the Type 9 personality, and all personality types were affected by the Psychological Affection, Physical Affection, Anxiety, and Social Adaptation sub-dimensions, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: By analysing the impact of migration-induced trauma on immigrants within their society, it can be recommended to implement initiatives specific to immigrants' personality traits and to carry out protective/preventive projects that will minimize immigrants' exposure to trauma and encourage their participation in social adaptation processes

Identification of protein-protein interaction bridges for multiple sclerosis

Motivation: Identifying and prioritizing disease-related proteins is an important scientific problem to develop proper treatments. Network science has become an important discipline to prioritize such proteins. Multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune disease for which there is still no cure, is characterized by a damaging process called demyelination. Demyelination is the destruction of myelin, a structure facilitating fast transmission of neuron impulses, and oligodendrocytes, the cells producing myelin, by immune cells. Identifying the proteins that have special features on the network formed by the proteins of oligodendrocyte and immune cells can reveal useful information about the disease.Results: We investigated the most significant protein pairs that we define as bridges among the proteins providing the interaction between the two cells in demyelination, in the networks formed by the oligodendrocyte and each type of two immune cells (i.e. macrophage and T-cell) using network analysis techniques and integer programming. The reason, we investigated these specialized hubs was that a problem related to these proteins might impose a bigger damage in the system. We showed that 61%-100% of the proteins our model detected, depending on parameterization, have already been associated with multiple sclerosis. We further observed the mRNA expression levels of several proteins we prioritized significantly decreased in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of multiple sclerosis patients. We therefore present a model, BriFin, which can be used for analyzing processes where interactions of two cell types play an important role