611 research outputs found
Holography of Gravitational Action Functionals
Einstein-Hilbert (EH) action can be separated into a bulk and a surface term,
with a specific ("holographic") relationship between the two, so that either
can be used to extract information about the other. The surface term can also
be interpreted as the entropy of the horizon in a wide class of spacetimes.
Since EH action is likely to just the first term in the derivative expansion of
an effective theory, it is interesting to ask whether these features continue
to hold for more general gravitational actions. We provide a comprehensive
analysis of lagrangians of the form L=Q_a^{bcd}R^a_{bcd}, in which Q_a^{bcd} is
a tensor with the symmetries of the curvature tensor, made from metric and
curvature tensor and satisfies the condition \nabla_cQ^{abcd}=0, and show that
they share these features. The Lanczos-Lovelock lagrangians are a subset of
these in which Q^{abcd} is a homogeneous function of the curvature tensor. They
are all holographic, in a specific sense of the term, and -- in all these cases
-- the surface term can be interpreted as the horizon entropy. The
thermodynamics route to gravity, in which the field equations are interpreted
as TdS=dE+pdV, seems to have greater degree of validity than the field
equations of Einstein gravity itself. The results suggest that the holographic
feature of EH action could also serve as a new symmetry principle in
constraining the semiclassical corrections to Einstein gravity. The
implications are discussed.Comment: revtex 4; 17 pages; no figure
The birth of a bacterial tRNA gene by large-scale, tandem duplication events
Organisms differ in the types and numbers of tRNA genes that they carry. While the evolutionary mechanisms behind tRNA gene set evolution have been investigated theoretically and computationally, direct observations of tRNA gene set evolution remain rare. Here, we report the evolution of a tRNA gene set in laboratory populations of the bacterium ̑extitPseudomonas fluorescens} SBW25. The growth defect caused by deleting the single-copy tRNA gene, ̑extit{serCGA}, is rapidly compensated by large-scale (45–290 kb) duplications in the chromosome. Each duplication encompasses a second, compensatory tRNA gene (̑extit{serTGA}) and is associated with a rise in tRNA-Ser(UGA) in the mature tRNA pool. We postulate that tRNA-Ser(CGA) elimination increases the translational demand for tRNA-Ser(UGA), a pressure relieved by increasing ̑extit{serTGA copy number. This work demonstrates that tRNA gene sets can evolve through duplication of existing tRNA genes, a phenomenon that may contribute to the presence of multiple, identical tRNA gene copies within genomes
Wormholes in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Recently Glavan and Lin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 081301 (2020)] formulated the
Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity by re-scaling GB coupling constant as
and taking limit at the level of field equations. The
GB contribution, in the resulting novel 4D EGB theory, makes a nontrivial
contribution and the theory preserves the number of degrees of freedom thereby
free from the Ostrogradsky instability, and also bypasses the Lovelock theorem.
We obtain an exact spherically symmetric wormhole solutions in the novel 4D EGB
gravity for an isotropic and anisotropic matter sources. In this regard, we
consider also a wormhole with a specific radial-dependent shape function, a
power-law density profile as well as by imposing a particular equation of
state. To this end, we analyze the flare-out conditions, embedding diagrams,
energy conditions and the volume integral quantifier. In particular our ve
branch results, in the limit , reduced exactly to
\emph{vis--vis} 4D Moriss-Thorne wormholes of GR.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in The European
Physical Journal
Building a Sentiment Corpus of Tweets in Brazilian Portuguese
The large amount of data available in social media, forums and websites
motivates researches in several areas of Natural Language Processing, such as
sentiment analysis. The popularity of the area due to its subjective and
semantic characteristics motivates research on novel methods and approaches for
classification. Hence, there is a high demand for datasets on different domains
and different languages. This paper introduces TweetSentBR, a sentiment corpora
for Brazilian Portuguese manually annotated with 15.000 sentences on TV show
domain. The sentences were labeled in three classes (positive, neutral and
negative) by seven annotators, following literature guidelines for ensuring
reliability on the annotation. We also ran baseline experiments on polarity
classification using three machine learning methods, reaching 80.99% on
F-Measure and 82.06% on accuracy in binary classification, and 59.85% F-Measure
and 64.62% on accuracy on three point classification.Comment: Accepted for publication in 11th International Conference on Language
Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018
Using coupled micropillar compression and micro-Laue diffraction to investigate deformation mechanisms in a complex metallic alloy Al13Co4
In this investigation, we have used in-situ micro-Laue diffraction combined with micropillar compression of focused ion beam milled Al13Co4 complex metallic alloy to study the evolution of deformation in Al13Co4. Streaking of the Laue spots showed that the onset of plastic flow occured at stresses as low as 0.8 GPa, although macroscopic yield only becomes apparent at 2 GPa. The measured misorientations, obtained from peak splitting, enabled the geometrically necessary dislocation density to be estimated as 1.1 x 1013 m-2
Optothermal Trapping of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds using a Drop-casted Gold Nanoparticle
Deterministic optical manipulation of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in a
fluid environment has emerged as an experimental challenge in multimodal
biological imaging. The design and development of nano-optical trapping
strategies to serve this purpose is an important task. In this letter, we show
how a drop-casted gold nanoparticle (Au np) can facilitate optothermal
potential to trap individual entities of FNDs using a low power density
illumination (532nm laser, 0.1 mW/m). We utilize the same trapping
excitation source to capture the spectral signatures of single FNDs and track
their position. Furthermore, by tracking the dynamics of FND, we measure the
trapping stiffness as a function of laser power and surfactant concentration
and emphasize their relevance as vital parameters for nano-manipulation. Our
trapping configuration combines the thermoplasmonic fields generated by
individual gold nanoparticles and the optothermoelectric effect facilitated by
surfactants to realize a nano-optical trap down to a single FND 120 nm in size.
We envisage that our drop-casting platform can be extrapolated to perform
targeted, low-power trapping, manipulation, and multimodal imaging of FNDs
inside biological systems such as cells.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Supplementary videos may be found at:
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1gkW9g5Z7Fhl4i3ZQUOBQYuUYAPrHykzY?usp=sharin
Study the impact of ketamine, clonidine and combination of ketamine-clonidine on cardiovascular system during pre and postoperatively: A double blind, placebo controlled study
Background: The use of ketamine as a sole anesthetic induces marked central sympathetic stimulation, causing increased heart rate, blood pressure (BP), and oxygen consumption (VO2). Both alpha 2-agonists and benzodiazepines have been used to attenuate these potentially harmful ketamine-induced responses. Materials and Methods: After approval from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent, 120 adult patients, ASA physical status I and II, undergoing elective surgeries e.g. Open abdominal surgery, laparoscopic surgery, open urological surgery were included in this controlled, prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Patients were randomly (envelop randomization) allocated in 4 groups (n=30): Group K received IV ketamine (0.5mg/kg), Group C received IV clonidine (1.5μg/kg), Group KC received combination of IV ketamine (0.25mg/kg) and IV clonidine (0.75μg/kg) and Group P received IV normal saline (placebo). One envelop at a time was chosen by an anaesthesiologist, who was blinded to the preparation of study agents and administered the study drugs in the envelope one after the other, intravenously approximately 20 minutes before extubation. Results: Pre operative haemodynamic parameters like mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate are comparable across the groups. There was statistically significant (two tailed p value < 0.001) rise in intra operative heart rate following intubation in groups K, KC and P. There was statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in groups K and P (two tailed p value < 0.001). In group C and KC, there were significant fall in SBP, from the baseline values, following induction. Conclusion: The unwanted effects of the individual drugs like, haemodynamic alteration, hallucination or lower incidences of nausea and vomiting could be achieved by using half of the dose of each of the drugs in combination
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