Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas relacionadas con los métodos de planificación familiar en usuarias de Las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar Intermedia de Moncagua y Especializadas La Presita, San Miguel y Perquín Morazán, año 2019

RESUMEN: El presente estudio, titulado conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en métodos de planificación familiar en las usuarias de las unidades comunitarias de salud familiar intermedia de Moncagua y especializadas La Presita, San Miguel y Perquín, Morazán año 2019. El objetivo fue: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en métodos de planificación familiar en las usuarias de las unidades comunitarias de salud familiar intermedia de Moncagua y especializadas La Presita, San Miguel y Perquín, Morazán año 2019 Metodología: El estudio fue cuantitativo de tipo prospectivo, transversal, y descriptivo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la cedula de entrevista, la cual fue estructurada mediante preguntas cerradas y de opción múltiple, la cual se aplicó a una muestra de 196 mujeres en edad reproductiva, activas, que asistieron a control del programa de planificación familiar del ministerio de salud. Resultados: se encontró que hay adecuado conocimiento sobre cuales métodos de planificación familiar dispone el ministerio de salud, cómo funcionan, el uso adecuado y el tiempo correcto en la mujer para iniciarlos, además se observó que el método más preferible por las usuarias dentro del programa era el inyectable. Impacto: Fue impacto significativo en las usuarias de métodos de planificación familiar para fortalecer los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas con programas de educación en las unidades de salud familiar, para un uso correcto de los métodos, e ir eliminando tabúes que con estos aún existen. ABSTRACT: The present study, entitled knowledge, attitudes and practices in family planning methods in the users of the intermediate family health community units of Moncagua and specialized La Presita, San Miguel and Perquín, Morazán year 2019. The objective was: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices in family planning methods in users of the intermediate family health community units of Moncagua and specialized La Presita, San Miguel and Perquín, Morazán year 2019 Methodology: The study was quantitative, prospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The data collection was carried out through the interview card, which was structured through closed and multiple-choice questions, which was applied to a sample of 196 women of reproductive age, active, who attended control of the family planning program of the Ministry of Health. Results: it was found that there is adequate knowledge about which family planning methods the Ministry of Health has available, how they work, the proper use and the correct time for women to start them, it was also observed that the most preferable method by users within the program It was the injectable. Impact: There was a significant impact on users of family planning methods to strengthen knowledge, attitudes and practices with education programs in family health units, for the correct use of methods, and to eliminate taboos that still exist with the

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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Association between early working life patterns, in publicly and privately owned companies, and the course of future sickness absence due to mental disorders: a cohort study in Catalonia (Spain)

Objectives: To assess the relationship between early working life patterns, at privately and publicly held companies, and the course of sickness absence (SA) due to mental disorders. Methods: Cohort study of workers aged 18-28 years, affiliated with the Spanish social security system, living in Catalonia, who had at least one episode of SA due to mental disorders between 2012 and 2014. Individual prior working life trajectories were reconstructed through sequence analysis. Optimal matching analysis was performed to identify early working life patterns by clustering similar individual trajectories. SA trajectories were identified using latent class growth modelling analysis. Finally, the relationship between early working life patterns and subsequent SA trajectories was assessed via multinomial logistic regression models. Results: Among both men and women, four labour market participation (LMP) patterns were identified: stable permanent employment (reference group), increasing permanent employment, fluctuating employment and delayed employment. Among women, an increasing permanent employment pattern in early working life was related to a decrease of accumulated SA days over time (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.08; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.66). In men, we observed a trend towards a middle stable accumulation of SA days in those with fluctuating employment (aOR 1.25, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.74) or delayed employment (aOR 1.79; 95% CI 0.59 to 5.41). In both men and women, an early working life in big companies was related to a more favourable SA trajectory. Conclusions: Early LMP patterns characterised by an increasing stability-decreased number of transitions between temporary contracts and lack of social security coverage towards permanent contracts-were related to a better future SA course due to mental diagnosis

Additional file 1 of Labour market participation after sickness absence due to cancer: a dynamic cohort study in Catalonia (Spain)

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Employment-related characteristics among a sample of salaried workers with a SA due to cancer, SA due to other diagnoses, or no SA at all in Catalonia during the follow-up period (2012 and 2018), and previous employment 5 years prior to cohort entrance. Supplementary Table 2. Cancer location in the group of workers with SA due to cancer and diagnosis underlying SAs in the comparison group with other causes by sex in Catalonia (2012-2015). Supplementary Table 3. Selection of cluster solution and cluster quality measure Average Silhouette Width (ASW) for future working life of a sample of salaried workers in Catalonia (2012-2018) with 8 possible states

Extreme temperatures and sickness absence in the Mediterranean province of Barcelona: An occupational health issue

Objectives: This study aims to assess the association between daily temperature and sickness absence episodes in the Mediterranean province of Barcelona between 2012 and 2015, according to sociodemographic and occupational characteristics. Methods: Ecological study of a sample of salaried workers affiliated to the Spanish social security, resident in Barcelona province between 2012 and 2015. The association between daily mean temperature and risk of new sickness absence episodes was estimated with distributed lag non-linear models. The lag effect up to 1 week was considered. Analyses were repeated separately by sex, age groups, occupational category, economic sector and medical diagnosis groups of sickness absence. Results: The study included 42,744 salaried workers and 97,166 episodes of sickness absence. The risk of sickness absence increased significantly between 2 and 6 days after the cold day. For hot days there was no association with risk of sickness absence. Women, young, non-manual and workers in the service sector had a higher risk of sickness absence on cold days. The effect of cold on sickness absence was significant for respiratory system diseases (RR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.68–2.79) and infectious diseases (RR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.04–1.66). Conclusion: Low temperatures increase the risk of having a new episode of sickness absence, especially due to respiratory and infectious diseases. Vulnerable groups were identified. These results suggest the importance of working in indoor and possibly poorly ventilated spaces in the spread of diseases that eventually lead to an episode of sickness absence. It is necessary to develop specific prevention plans for cold situations

Returning to work after a sickness absence due to cancer: a cohort study of salaried workers in Catalonia (Spain)

Cancer incidence and survival rates have increased in the last decades and as a result, the number of working age people diagnosed with cancer who return to work. In this study the probability of accumulating days of employment and employment participation trajectories (EPTs) in a sample of salaried workers in Catalonia (Spain) who had a sickness absence (SA) due to cancer were compared to salaried workers with SA due to other diagnoses or without SA. Each individual with SA due to cancer between 2012 and 2015 was matched by age, sex, and onset of time at risk to a worker with SA due to other diagnoses and another worker without SA. Accumulated days of employment were measured, and negative binomial models were applied to assess differences between comparison groups. Latent class models were applied to identify EPTs and multinomial regression models to analyse the probability of belonging to one EPT of each group. Men and women without SA or with SA due to other diagnoses had at least a 9% higher probability of continuing in employment compared to workers who had a SA due to cancer, especially among men without SA (adjusted IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06‒1.53). Men without SA had the highest probability of having high stable EPT compared to workers who had a SA due to cancer (adjusted RRR 3.21, 95% CI 1.87‒5.50). Even though workers with SA due to cancer continue working afterwards, they do it less often than matched controls and with a less stable employment trajectory. Health and social protection systems should guaranty cancer survivors the opportunity to continue voluntary participation in the labour market

Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health in 3098 Peruvian Urban Workers

Peru has one of the highest informal employment rates in Latin America (73%). Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) in informal than in formal workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of working conditions in the association between informality and SPH in an urban working population in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3098 workers participating in the working conditions survey of Peru 2017. The prevalence of P-SPH and exposure to poor working conditions were calculated separately for formal and informal employment and were stratified by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between P-SPH and informal employment, with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for working conditions. Informal employment affected 76% of women and 66% of men. Informal workers reported higher exposition to poor working conditions than formal workers and reported worse SPH. Informal workers had a higher risk of P-SPH than formal workers: PR 1.38 [95% CI: 1.16–1.64] in women and PR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08–1.49] in men. Adjustment by working conditions weakened the association in both sexes. In women, this association was only partially explained by worse working conditions; PR 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04–1.46]. Although some of the negative effect of informal employment on workers´ health can be explained by the characteristics of informality per se, such as poverty, a substantial part of this effect can be explained by poor working conditions

Informal employment, working conditions, and self-perceived health in 3098 peruvian urban workers

Peru has one of the highest informal employment rates in Latin America (73%). Previous studies have shown a higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) in informal than in formal workers. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of working conditions in the association between informality and SPH in an urban working population in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3098 workers participating in the working conditions survey of Peru 2017. The prevalence of P-SPH and exposure to poor working conditions were calculated separately for formal and informal employment and were stratified by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between P-SPH and informal employment, with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for working conditions. Informal employment affected 76% of women and 66% of men. Informal workers reported higher exposition to poor working conditions than formal workers and reported worse SPH. Informal workers had a higher risk of P-SPH than formal workers: PR 1.38 [95% CI: 1.16-1.64] in women and PR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08-1.49] in men. Adjustment by working conditions weakened the association in both sexes. In women, this association was only partially explained by worse working conditions; PR 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04-1.46]. Although some of the negative effect of informal employment on workers´ health can be explained by the characteristics of informality per se, such as poverty, a substantial part of this effect can be explained by poor working conditions

Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Pathogens in American Bison (Bison bison) at El Uno Ecological Reserve, Janos, Chihuahua, Mexico

American bison (Bison bison) is listed as near-threatened and in danger of extinction in Mexico. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of several emerging pathogens at the Janos Biosphere Reserve (JBR), inhabited by one wild herd of American bison. Blood samples were collected from 26 American bison in the JBR. We tested for the presence of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and Rickettsia rickettsii DNA using nested and semi-nested PCR protocols performing duplicates in two different laboratories. Results showed three animals (11.5%) positive for B. burgdorferi s. l., three more (11.5%) for Rickettsia rickettsii, and four (19.2%) for B. bovis. Two individuals were co-infected with B. burgdorferi s. l. and B. bovis. We found no animals positive for A. marginale and B. bigemina. This is the first report in America of R. rickettsii in American bison. American bison has been described as an important reservoir for pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance; thus, the presence of tick-borne pathogen DNA in the JBR American bison indicates the importance of continuous wildlife health survey