Soil Constraints (pH and Aluminium) for Legume Performance in Hill Country of Uruguay

Pastoral areas in eastern Uruguay have soils with pH 5.5 or lower (Mas, 1978), which is frequently associated with the acid soil syndrome (Cregan, 1980). As pH drops below 5.5, aluminium (Al) concentration can increase to toxic levels. These conditions may adversely affect growth of introduced legumes. A way to overcome these constraints is by the use of tolerant species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adaptation and productivity of different legumes under environments with restrictions in pH and Al concentrations

\u3cem\u3eTrifolium vesiculosum\u3c/em\u3e: Exploring Its Potential in the Uruguay Lowlands Rice Region

Trifolium vesiculosum, commonly known as arrowleaf clover, is a winter-growing annual legume native to Europe (Duke, 1981), with high persistence and low risk of bloat. Several reports show a wide annual production range between 1.9 and 9.8 t DM/ha/year (Gomes and Reis 1999; Evans and Mills 2008). It shows a high nutritional value (Tekeli et al. 2005) that declines with increasing maturity. Grazing management should consider the need for seed production to ensure natural re-seeding in subsequent years. Recently, INIA Uruguay released the T. vesiculosum cultivar Sagit (Glencoe EC1), characterized by intermediate growth habit and flowering period. The objective of this paper is to report the adaptation and performance of cv. Sagit (Glencoe EC1) in the lowlands rice region of Uruguay, under different grazing intensities with weaned calves

Management Strategies to Increase Festulolium Productivity and Persistence

A biennial hybrid of Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis (Festulolium INIA Merlin) was released by the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguay (INIA) in 2008. INIA Merlin is a tetraploid cultivar with a long growing season, semi-prostrate habit and high herbage quality (García 2003). These characteristics make it potentially useful to include Festulolium in short and intensive pasture-crop rotation systems. Grazing management can be used to modify growth, sward structure and persistence, and is known to be critical during the second year of production for stability and sustainability of farming systems that include this type of species. The objective of this trial was to measure the effect of different grazing strategies on the productivity and persistence of this novel cultivar

Soluços persistentes: uma complicação rara da injeção peridural transforaminal de corticosteroide

Santiago Ayala: Profesor Adjunto de Anestesiología. Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP). Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8378-7392 -- Walter Ayala: Profesor de Anestesiología. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Policlínica del Dolor, Hospital Británico. Uruguay. Correo electrónico: [email protected] describe el caso de un paciente que instaló un hipo persistente luego de recibir una inyección epidural transforaminal lumbar de corticoides. Se destaca que es una complicación raramente reportada y por ende poco conocida por quienes practican intervencionismo en dolor. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos por los que puede presentarse, se reseña la evolución observada, y se describe el tratamiento instituido. Se señala el impacto que el hipo puede tener sobre la calidad de vida.The case of a patient who installed a persistent hiccup after receiving a lumbar transforaminal epidural injection of corticosteroids is described. It is highlighted that it is a rarely reported complication and little known by those who practice interventional pain medicine. Possible mechanisms by which it may occur are discussed, the evolution observed and the treatment instituted are reviewed. The impact that hiccups can have on quality of life is pointed out. Keywords: Hiccups; Epidural steroid injection.Descrevemos o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu soluços persistentes após receber uma injeção peridural transforaminal lombar de corticosteróides. Ressalta-se que é uma complicação pouco relatada e, portanto, pouco conhecida por quem pratica o intervencionismo na dor. Discutem-se os possíveis mecanismos pelos quais pode ocorrer, revisa-se a evolução observada e descreve-se o tratamento instituído. O impacto que os soluços podem ter na qualidade de vida é apontado

The Importance of Campos Ecosystem as a World Food Producer and as a Provider of Ecosystem Services

The Campos ecosystem represent one of the largest grassland areas on the world, with great biodiversity in plants and animals. It contributes to improve world food security, based on ruminant livestock production, providing animal protein to feed more than 160.000.000 people. The research agenda for Campos ecosystem demands attention on the productivity and increasing variability phenomena, overgrazing, biodiversity standards and water contamination among other factors. It provides services including genetic resources, carbon storage, control of soil erosion, nutrient recycling, water production with low nutrient concentration and pest control. Overall, there is available technology to improve long-term livestock productivity and preserve current environmental indicators and improve sustainability, contributing to supply increasing world food demand

Administração prolongada de morfina intratecal por bomba de infusão implantada, em caso de dor crônica não oncológica

Santiago Ayala: Profesor Adjunto de Anestesiología. Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice (FIPP). Correo electrónico: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0002-8378-7392 -- Javier Pietropinto: Médico Internista. Correo electrónico: [email protected] -- Walter Ayala: Profesor de Anestesiología. Policlínica del Dolor. Hospital Británico. Correo electrónico: [email protected]ón: Se describe la evolución de un paciente que recibe morfina intratecal mediante una bomba de infusión, que le fuera implantada hace 14 años para tratamiento de su dolor lumbar crónico post-laminectomía. Material y método: Requería la administración de 60 mg/día de morfina subcutánea que le provocaban efectos secundarios que no toleraba, y múltiples internaciones para control del dolor. Se le implantó una bomba de infusión continua (Isomed) conectada a un catéter subaracnoideo, que libera 1 ml/día, y requiere ser llenada cada 60 días. Resultados: Se observó una disminución del dolor promedio de 50% al año, y de 75% a los 6 y 14 años. Requirió un aumento progresivo de las dosis de llenado, que pasaron de 30 mg de morfina (0.5 mg/día) al inicio, a 40 mg de morfina (0.66 mg /día) al año, a 70 mg de morfina (1.16 mg/día) a los 6 años, a 140 mg (2.33 mg/día) a los 14 años. No se registraron complicaciones médicas graves. Mantuvo constipación y sudoración durante todo el período, e instaló un hipogonadismo secundario con trastornos de la libido y de la erección que fueron corregidos con la administración de testosterona. No requirió más internaciones por dolor. No se observaron complicaciones relacionadas con el funcionamiento o llenado de la bomba, ni vinculadas al catéter. El paciente manifestó estar satisfecho con el implante. Discusión: A pesar del aumento de las dosis de llenado, expresión del desarrollo de tolerancia, las dosis de morfina/día requeridas son francamente inferiores al límite recomendado. Conclusiones: El balance del riesgo-beneficio del implante resultó positivo, considerando el mejor control del dolor logrado, las menores dosis de morfina utilizadas, así como la ausencia de complicaciones graves y de internaciones para control del dolor.Introduction: The evolution of a patient receiving intrathecal morphine through an infusion pump that was implanted 14 years ago for the treatment of chronic post-laminectomy low back pain is described. Material and method: It required the administration of 60 mg / day of subcutaneous morphine that caused side effects that did not tolerate, and multiple hospitalizations for pain control. He was implanted with a continuous infusion pump (Isomed) connected to a subarachnoid catheter, which releases 1 ml / day, and needs to be filled every 60 days. Results: An average pain decrease of 50% per year, and 75% at 6 and 12 years was observed. It required a progressive increase in filling doses, which went from 30 mg of morphine (0.5 mg / day) at the beginning, to 40 mg of morphine (0.66 mg / day at the first year, to 70 mg of morphine (1.16 mg / day) at the sixth year, at 140 mg (2.33 mg / day) at the fourteen year. No serious medical complications were recorded, he maintained constipation and sweating throughout the period, and installed secondary hypogonadism with libido and erection disorders, that were corrected with the administration of testosterone. No further hospitalizations were required due to pain. No complications were observed related to the operation or filling of the pump or linked to the catheter. The patient stated that he was satisfied with the implant. Discussion: Despite the increase in filling doses, expression of tolerance development, the required morphine / day doses are frankly below the recommended limit. Conclusions: The risk-benefit balance of the implant was positive, considering the best pain control, the lowest doses used, the absence of serious complications, and the lack of hospitalizations for pain control.Introdução: Descreve-se a evolução de um paciente que recebeu morfina intratecal através de uma bomba de infusão, implantada há 14 anos para o tratamento de lombalgia crônica pós-laminectomia. Material e método: Necessitou de administração de 60 mg/dia de morfina por via subcutânea, que provocou efeitos colaterais intolerantes, e múltiplas internações para controle da dor. Foi implantada uma bomba de infusão contínua (Isomed) conectada a um cateter subaracnóideo, que libera 1 ml/dia, necessitando de reenchimento a cada 60 dias. Resultados: Observou-se redução média da dor de 50% em um ano e 75% em 6 e 14 anos. Foi necessário um aumento progressivo das doses de enchimento, que passaram de 30 mg de morfina (0,5 mg/dia) no início, para 40 mg de morfina (0,66 mg/dia) por ano, para 70 mg de morfina (1,16 mg/dia) dia) aos 6 anos, para 140 mg (2,33 mg/dia) aos 14 anos. Não foram registradas complicações médicas graves. Manteve constipação e sudorese durante todo o período e desenvolveu hipogonadismo secundário com distúrbios de libido e ereção que foram corrigidos com administração de testosterona. Ele não necessitou de mais hospitalizações por dor. Não foram observadas complicações relacionadas à operação ou enchimento da bomba, ou relacionadas ao cateter. O paciente afirmou estar satisfeito com o implante. Discussão: Apesar do aumento das doses de enchimento, expressão do desenvolvimento da tolerância, as doses necessárias de morfina/dia são francamente inferiores ao limite recomendado. Conclusões: A relação risco-benefício do implante foi positiva, considerando o melhor controle da dor alcançado, as menores doses de morfina utilizadas, bem como a ausência de complicações graves e internações para controle da dor

Cover Crops Alternatives for Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Uruguay

In Uruguay, the increase of cropland area during the last decade was based on rotation systems intensification and soybean expansion, achieving 1.321.000 ha (Souto, 2014). Diaz (2007) demonstrated the value of the ley-farming systems where the integration of livestock and crop production achieved benefits on sustainability. Despite the advantages of crop-pasture rotation systems (García Prechac et al., 2004), grain market prices and food demand resulted in pasture phase losses in rotation with crops. Recently, Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries Ministry implemented a national soil conservation plan, that regulates cropping rotation systems based on soil erosion estimations and other key soil quality indicators. Although, no-till was full adopted, climatic and soil conditions determine that soil must be cover by residues or vegetation all year to reduce erosion and degradation (Thorup-Kristensen et al., 2003). Cover crops contribute to protect soils during fallow periods. The 17% of total soybean area cultivated is in Eastern Uruguay, being soils with erosion risk , fertility, structure and drainage limitations. This paper evaluates cover crops adaptation, subsequent effects on soybean productivity, and estimations of nitrogen supply and extraction from cover crops and soybean, respectively

Aplicación del estudio de trabajo para mejorar la productividad en el área de maestranza de la empresa Hidráulica & Reparaciones CHT EIRL , Callao, 2019

El presente proyecto de investigación titulado “Aplicación del Estudio del Trabajo para mejorar la productividad en el área de maestranza de la empresa Hidráulica & Reparaciones CHT EIRL, Callao, 2019”, tiene como objetivo general, determinar como la aplicación del Estudio del Trabajo mejora la productividad en la fabricación de piñones motrices Z-15 de la empresa Hidráulica & Reparaciones CHT EIRL, Callao, 2019. La investigación es de tipo aplicada y tiene un diseño cuasi-experimental. La población de este proyecto está conformada por el mes de abril del año 2019; sin embargo, se obtuvo datos del área de producción desde el mes de enero hasta septiembre del 2019, los cuales fueron analizados antes y después de la aplicación del Estudio del Trabajo. La muestra analizada es igual a la población, se empleó como técnica, la observación y los instrumentos utilizados fueron: hojas de verificación de toma de tiempos, formato de Cálculo de Número de Muestras, medición de Tiempo Estándar, ficha de registro de Diagrama de Actividades de Proceso, ficha de registro de Diagrama de Operaciones de procesos, ficha de control de producción, la ficha de estimación de eficiencia, eficacia y productividad y el cronómetro. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron validados por tres jueces expertos en el tema