Measuring inequality and dependences between income sources with administrative data and survey data

Producción CientíficaThis paper aims at analyzing the effects of changing from survey to administrative data on inequality and its structure. Taking advantage of the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ECV) that continued asking households for their income despite assigning them the income data provided by the Tax Agency and the Social Security administration, different analyses are carried out. By using copula functions we pay special attention to the effect on the dependences between income sources. We find a significant growth in the disposable income of households when using administrative data. The incomes of both tails of the distribution increase considerably more than middle incomes, and administrative data produce significantly lower levels of inequality. Using administrative instead of survey data also gives rise to changes in the structure of inequality by income sources, rising the contribution of capital income. Both methods of data collection also produce significant differences in the observed dependences between income sources.Economía Aplicad

Valorización de los pasabocas de coco de la costa pacífica del Departamento del Cauca, Colombia.

The research had the objective of studying the cultural gastronomic heritage of Pasabocas de Coco (a kind of sweet coconut snack), a local product elaborated in the Pacific Coast of the Cauca Department, Colombia. The method consisted in the use of six research tools from the Localized Agrifood Systems (LAFS) approach. Consequently, it was possible to identify the origins and cultural significance of Pasabocas de Coco; the link between the product and the territory; the relationships that producers have established; the effects of geographic isolation on collective action; and alternatives for their rescue and valuation. As conclusion, the study identifies that applying the methodologies of oral history, genealogical method, and technological trajectory recognized the existence of historical and intangible factors that sustain the relevance of coconut snacks in the gastronomic heritage of these communities. However, applying the methodologies for product grading and chain analysis allowed to identify that although the coconut used for the elaboration of this product comes from the territory, the same does not happen with wheat flour and sugar; this dependency on raw materials from outside the Pacific Coast generates losses in the territorial anchoring of the product and, as consequence, in the real possibilities for a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). The negotiation for a Collective Brand remains as a possible option; however, it will be necessary to advance previously in a process of organizational strengthening, since the methodology of network analysis recognized a low articulation between producers.La investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar el patrimonio cultural gastronómico de los “pasabocas de coco”, un producto local que se elabora en la Costa Pacífica del Departamento del Cauca, en Colombia. El método consistió en el uso de seis herramientas de investigación del enfoque de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL). Como resultado, se logró identificar los orígenes y la relevancia cultural de los pasabocas de coco, el vínculo entre el producto y el territorio, las relaciones que han establecido los productores, los efectos del aislamiento geográfico en la acción colectiva, así como las alternativas para su rescate y valorización. Como conclusión, se identificó que la aplicación de las metodologías de historia oral, método genealógico y trayectoria tecnológica, reconocieron la existencia de factores históricos e inmateriales que soportan la relevancia de los pasabocas de coco en el patrimonio gastronómico de estas comunidades; sin embargo, la aplicación de las metodologías de calificación de producto y el análisis de cadena, identificaron que, si bien el coco que se emplea para la elaboración de este producto, proviene del territorio, no sucede lo mismo con la harina de trigo y el azúcar; esta dependencia de materias primas proce­dentes del exterior de la costa pacífica, genera pérdidas en el anclaje territorial del producto y en consecuencia, en las posibilidades reales de una Denominación de Origen. Queda como posible opción, la gestión de una marca colectiva, sin embargo, será necesario avanzar de manera previa en un proceso de fortalecimiento organizativo

Investigación y ciencia: implicaciones para un docente investigador en el sistema colombiano

Voluminosos descubrimientos científicos se realizan con frecuencia en diferentes partes del mundo. Generalmente, la socialización de estos se desarrolla a partir de la academia y sus procesos de divulgación a la investigación, cuyos productos: artículos, libros, capítulos de libros, patentes, entre otros, representan un gran indicador de desarrollo para la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación en cada país

VIRTUD Y FELICIDAD: ANÁLISIS DESDE LA ANTROPOLOGÍA CARTESIANA Y EL PENSAMIENTO COMUNITARIO DE SPINOZA

This paper aims to reveal the relationship between Virtue and Happiness, remitting this relationship to the conception of nature or ontological specificity of man. To this purpose we will analyze principally Descarte’s and Spninoza’s thoughts in order to show two contrary aspects, although they are in dialogue. We will explain that the difference in these philosophical thoughts from the XVIIth century is based in the Cartesian anthropological thought, of an individualistic type, and the idea of Spinoza’s community thought; such an exercise will invite us to think about ethics, but also about politics, in a certain way.El objetivo de este escrito es el de develar la relación entre felicidad y virtud, remitiendo esta relación a la concepción de la naturaleza o especificidad ontológica del hombre. Para este objetivo se estudiará principalmente los pensamientos cartesiano y spinozista con el fin de mostrar dos vertientes contrarias, pero que se encuentran en diálogo. La diferencia que se intentará mostrar entre estos pensamientos del siglo XVII está cimentada en el pensamiento antropológico cartesiano de corte individualista y el pensamiento comunitario de Spinoza; tal pensamiento significará pensar la ética, pero también la política, de una determinada form

La educación superior y su relación con los procesos de publicación

La educación es un proceso de formación permanente que se fundamenta en el desarrollo integral de las personas, se materializa en una serie de habilidades y valores que producen cambios intelectuales, emocionales y sociales en el individuo a través de sus diferentes etapas: primaria, secundaria y educación superior

Mikroskopska građa mišićnih vlakana nakon izlaganja bisfenolu-A te mogućnost njihova oporavka primjenom plazme obogaćene trombocitima.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is one of the chemical products most produced in large volumes world-wide. Among other items, it forms part of plastics and food containers, from which there is a migration of BPA into food, thus it enters our organism via the digestive tract, which in fact is one of the main sources of exposure in humans. In this study, BPA action has been investigated: at a muscular level with continuous exposure; after its withdrawal in order to evaluate the possible recovery of the muscle; and the potential effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on a muscle previously modified by the action of BPA. For this purpose, and as a fundamental tool, histopathology was used, from which it was observed that muscle modifications were produced. These were compatible with the action of hormones administered exogenously to animals to fatten them up. It was also noted that, after the withdrawal of BPA, there was some muscle structure recovery, and, after treatment with PRP, this was practically total. Further research should investigate the mechanisms through which BPA affects muscle tissue and PRP succeeds in restoring this type of muscular lesion.Bisfenol-A (BPA) je kemijska tvar koja se u velikim količinama proizvodi širom svijeta. Između ostaloga, bisfenol-A je sastavni dio plastike i ambalaže za prehrambene proizvode, odakle se otpušta u hranu te tako dospijeva u probavni sustav čovjeka pa hrana time postaje jedan od glavnih izvora izloženosti ljudi toj supstanciji. U ovom istraživanju učinci BPA promatrani su u mišićju nakon trajne izloženosti, u mišićju nakon prestanka davanja BPA kako bi se procijenio njihov mogući oporavak, te u mišićju s primijenjenom plazmom obogaćenom trombocitima (PRP) kako bi se utvrdio njezin utjecaj na BPA uzrokovana oštećenja. Opažene patohistološke promjene u mišićima bile se slične onima kod djelovanja hormona rabljenih za bolji prirast tovnih životinja. Nakon prestanka davanja BPA uočen je određeni oporavak mišićne građe, a nakon primjene PRP oporavak je bio potpun. Daljnjim istraživanjima treba utvrditi kojim mehanizmima BPA utječe na mišićno tkivo i kako PRP uspijeva oporaviti nastala mišićna oštećenja

Procjena utjecaja disruptora bisfenola A na ionske regulacije kod Danio rerio kroz ispitivanje njihovih kloridnih i prolaktinskih stanica

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the chemicals produced in the largest volume in the world. It is commonly used as a component of plastics and food containers and can act as a xenoestrogen in humans. In view of the risk of exposure to it from the environment and diet, and basically as a water pollutant, the objective of our study was to assess possible effects on ionic regulation after exposure to BPA by means of a histopathological and morphometric study of the chloride and prolactin cells in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an experimental model. Twenty-five male 16-week old zebrafish (Danio rerio) were allocated randomly into 5 study groups (n=5/group); a control group, and four groups, exposed for 2 weeks to a concentration of (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg/L) of BPA, respectively. After 2 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and samples of their gills and pituitary gland were immediately taken for their subsequent histopathological analysis. Our results showed how, in the first study groups, lesions appeared in chloride cells, generating compensatory modifications in the prolactin cells, which were enough to maintain stability in the ionic exchange. As the exposure concentration increased, more serious histological modifications occurred. In the groups with the highest concentration (100 and 1000 μg/L), the lesions were so severe that the prolactin cells underwent some degenerative processes, which probably prevented the compensatory action at gill level.Bisfenol A je jedan od kemijskih spojeva koji se najviše proizvodi u svijetu. Najčešće se koristi za dobivanje plastike i posuda za hranu i može djelovati kao ksenoestrogen kod ljudi. S obzirom na rizik izloženosti bisfenolu A iz okoline i prehrane, i u osnovi kao zagađivaču vode. Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti moguće učinke na ionsku regulaciju nakon izlaganja bisfenolu A pomoću histopatološke i morfometrijske studije kloridnih i prolaktinskih stanica u Danio rerio kao eksperimentalnog modela. Dvadesetpet muških jedinki 16 tjedana starih Danio rerio bili su nasumično raspoređeni u pet ispitivanih skupina (n=5/skupina). Kontrolna skupina i četiri skupine bile su dva tjedna izložene koncentracijama od 1, 10, 100 odnosno 1000 μg/L bisfenola A. Nakon ta dva tjedna uzorci njihovih škrga i hipofize su odmah izuzeti za naknadnu patohistološku analizu. Rezultati su pokazali kako su se, kod prvih ispitivanih skupina, lezije pojavile u kloridnim stanicama, stvarajući kompenzacijske promjene na prolaktinskim stanicama koje su bile dovoljne za održavanje stabilnosti u izmjeni iona. Kako se povećavala koncentracija izloženosti, ozbiljnije histološke modifikacije su se dogodile. Kod skupina s višom koncentracijom (100 i 1000 μg/L) lezije su bile tako jake da su prolaktinske stanice prošle kroz određene degenerativne procese, što je vjerojatno spriječilo kompenzacijsko djelovanje na škrgama

Procjene strukture i ultrastrukture ovarija vrste Danio rerionakon izlaganja 2, 3, 7, 8 – tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksinu (TCDD)

The morphological consequences of long-term exposure to low doses of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlo rodibenzo-p-dioxin in the ovaries were nvestigated in 50 adult female zebrafish at structural and ultrastructural levels. Animals were exposed to graded concentrations of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodiben zo-p-dioxin (10, 40, 100 and 270 ppb) for 21 days, then zebrafish were sacrificed by an overdose of anaesthetic solution tricaine methanesulfonate, and immediately samples were taken for morphological evaluation. At lower concentrations of exposure there was no evidence of morphological modifications, while at higher concentrations (100 and 270 ppb) we frequently observed degeneration and inflammation. Significant increases in follicular atresia were observed among all groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that long-term exposure to low doses of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are able to induce morphological damage on the ovaries, which could then produce adverse effects on fish reproductive health.Morfološke konsekvence ovarija po dugotrajnijem izlaganju niskim dozama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetra klorodibenzo-p-dioksina su utvrđene na 50 odraslih jedinki vrste Danio rerio i to na strukturnoj i ultrastrukturnoj razini. Jedinke su bile izložene stupnjevanim koncentracijama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetraklorodi benzo-p-dioksina (10, 40, 100 i 270 ppb) tijekom 21 dana, i tada su jedinke bile žrtvovane uporabom letalne doze anestetske solucije tricain metansulfonata, i odmah su jedinke uzete za morfološku procjenu. Utvrđeno je da pri nižim koncentracijama izloženosti nema morfoloških modifikacija, dok su pri višim koncentracijama (100 i 270 ppb) utvrđene učestale degeneracije i upale. Značajan porast folikularne atrezije je utvrđen unutar svih grupa (p0.05). Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to se da po dugom izlaganju ovarija niskim dozama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksina mogu inducirati morfološkepromjene ovarija, koje tada mogu imati negativni utjecaj na normalnu reprodukciju vrste

Procjene strukture i ultrastrukture ovarija vrste Danio rerionakon izlaganja 2, 3, 7, 8 – tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksinu (TCDD)

The morphological consequences of long-term exposure to low doses of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlo rodibenzo-p-dioxin in the ovaries were nvestigated in 50 adult female zebrafish at structural and ultrastructural levels. Animals were exposed to graded concentrations of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodiben zo-p-dioxin (10, 40, 100 and 270 ppb) for 21 days, then zebrafish were sacrificed by an overdose of anaesthetic solution tricaine methanesulfonate, and immediately samples were taken for morphological evaluation. At lower concentrations of exposure there was no evidence of morphological modifications, while at higher concentrations (100 and 270 ppb) we frequently observed degeneration and inflammation. Significant increases in follicular atresia were observed among all groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that long-term exposure to low doses of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are able to induce morphological damage on the ovaries, which could then produce adverse effects on fish reproductive health.Morfološke konsekvence ovarija po dugotrajnijem izlaganju niskim dozama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetra klorodibenzo-p-dioksina su utvrđene na 50 odraslih jedinki vrste Danio rerio i to na strukturnoj i ultrastrukturnoj razini. Jedinke su bile izložene stupnjevanim koncentracijama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetraklorodi benzo-p-dioksina (10, 40, 100 i 270 ppb) tijekom 21 dana, i tada su jedinke bile žrtvovane uporabom letalne doze anestetske solucije tricain metansulfonata, i odmah su jedinke uzete za morfološku procjenu. Utvrđeno je da pri nižim koncentracijama izloženosti nema morfoloških modifikacija, dok su pri višim koncentracijama (100 i 270 ppb) utvrđene učestale degeneracije i upale. Značajan porast folikularne atrezije je utvrđen unutar svih grupa (p0.05). Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to se da po dugom izlaganju ovarija niskim dozama 2, 3, 7, 8-tetraklorodibenzo-p-dioksina mogu inducirati morfološkepromjene ovarija, koje tada mogu imati negativni utjecaj na normalnu reprodukciju vrste