2,405 research outputs found
Broadband probing magnetization dynamics of the coupled vortex state permalloy layers in nanopillars
Broadband magnetization response of coupled vortex state magnetic dots in
layered nanopillars was explored as a function of in-plane magnetic field and
interlayer separation. For dipolarly coupled circular Py(25 nm)/Cu(20 nm)/Py(25
nm) nanopillars of 600 nm diameter, a small in-plane field splits the
eigenfrequencies of azimuthal spin wave modes inducing an abrupt transition
between in-phase and out-of-phase kinds of the low-lying coupled spin wave
modes. The critical field for this splitting is determined by antiparallel
chiralities of the vortices in the layers. Qualitatively similar (although more
gradual) changes occur also in the exchange coupled Py(25 nm)/Cu(1 nm)/Py(25
nm) tri-layer nanopillars. These findings are in qualitative agreement with
micromagnetic dynamic simulations
Nonlinear nanofluid flow over heated vertical surface with sinusoidal wall temperature variations
The nonlinear density temperature variations in two-dimensional nanofluid flow over heated vertical surface with a sinusoidal wall temperature are investigated. The model includes the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Using the boundary layer approximation, the two-dimensional momentum, heat, and mass transfer equations are transferred to nonlinear partial differential equations form and solved numerically using a new method called spectral local linearisation method.The effects of the governing parameters on the fluid properties and on the heat and nanomass transfer coefficients are determined and shown graphically
Precise probing spin wave mode frequencies in the vortex state of circular magnetic dots
We report on detailed broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements of
azimuthal and radial spin wave excitations in circular Permalloy dots in the
vortex ground state. Dots with aspect ratio (Beta =height over radius) varied
from 0.03 to 0.1 were explored. We found that for Beta exceeding approximately
0.05, variation of the spin wave eigenfrequencies with Beta deviates from the
predicted dependence. The frequency splitting of two lowest azimuthal modes was
observed. The experimentally observed dependence of the frequency splitting on
beta was reasonably well described by dynamic splitting model accounting the
spin-waves and, vortex gyrotropic mode interaction
Immobilization of halophilic Aspergillus awamori EM66 exochitinase on grafted k-carrageenan-alginate beads
A novel extreme halophilic exochitinase enzyme was produced by honey isolate Aspergillus awamori EM66. The enzyme was immobilized successfully on k-carrageenan-alginate gel carrier (CA) with 93 % immobilization yield. The immobilization process significantly improved the enzyme specific activity 2.6-fold compared to the free form. The significant factors influencing the immobilization process such as enzyme protein concentration and loading time were studied. Distinguishable characteristics of optimum pH and temperature, stability at different temperatures and NaCl tolerance for free and immobilized enzyme were studied. The immobilization process improved optimum temperature from 35 to 45 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained 76.70 % of its activity after 2 h at 75 °C compared to complete loss of activity for the free enzyme. The reusability test proved the durability of the CA gel beads for 28 cycles without losing its activity
Preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Qatar by reducing obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity: mathematical modeling analyses.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of reducing the prevalence of obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity, and introducing physical activity as an explicit intervention, on the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using Qatar as an example. METHODS: A population-level mathematical model was adapted and expanded. The model was stratified by sex, age group, risk factor status, T2DM status, and intervention status, and parameterized by nationally representative data. Modeled interventions were introduced in 2016, reached targeted level by 2031, and then maintained up to 2050. Diverse intervention scenarios were assessed and compared with a counter-factual no intervention baseline scenario. RESULTS: T2DM prevalence increased from 16.7% in 2016 to 24.0% in 2050 in the baseline scenario. By 2050, through halting the rise or reducing obesity prevalence by 10-50%, T2DM prevalence was reduced by 7.8-33.7%, incidence by 8.4-38.9%, and related deaths by 2.1-13.2%. For smoking, through halting the rise or reducing smoking prevalence by 10-50%, T2DM prevalence was reduced by 0.5-2.8%, incidence by 0.5-3.2%, and related deaths by 0.1-0.7%. For physical inactivity, through halting the rise or reducing physical inactivity prevalence by 10-50%, T2DM prevalence was reduced by 0.5-6.9%, incidence by 0.5-7.9%, and related deaths by 0.2-2.8%. Introduction of physical activity with varying intensity at 25% coverage reduced T2DM prevalence by 3.3-9.2%, incidence by 4.2-11.5%, and related deaths by 1.9-5.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Major reductions in T2DM incidence could be accomplished by reducing obesity, while modest reductions could be accomplished by reducing smoking and physical inactivity, or by introducing physical activity as an intervention
Higher Dimensional Kerr-AdS Black Holes and the AdS/CFT Correspondence
Using the counterterm subtraction technique we calculatehe stress-energy
tensor, action, and other physical quantities for Kerr-AdS black holes in
various dimensions. For Kerr-AdS_5 with both rotation parameters non-zero, we
demonstrate that stress-energy tensor, in the zero mass parameter limit, is
equal to the stress tensor of the weakly coupled four dimensional dual field
theory. As a result, the total energy of the generalKerr-AdS_5 black hole at
zero mass parameter, exactly matches the Casimir energy of the dual field
theory. We show that at high temperature, the general Kerr-AdS_5 and
perturbative field theory stress-energy tensors are equal, up to the usual
factor of 3/4. We also use the counterterm technique to calculate the stress
tensors and actions for Kerr-AdS_6, and Kerr-AdS_7 black holes, with one
rotation parameter, and we display the results. We discuss the conformal
anomalies of the field theories dual to the Kerr-AdS_5 and Kerr-AdS_7
spacetimes. In these two field theories, we show that the rotation parameters
break conformal invariance but not scale invariance, a novel result for a
non-trivial field theory. For Kerr-AdS_7 the conformal anomalies calculated on
the gravity side and the dual (0,2) tensor multiplet theory are equal up to 4/7
factor. We expect that the Casimir energy of the free field theory is the same
as the energy of the Kerr-AdS_7 black hole (with zero mass parameter), up to
that factor.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex (v3: references added. footnote added
A comprehensive review on the exergy analysis of combined cycle power plants
The arriving optimum improvement of a thermodynamic system of energy conversion such as a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is complicated due to the existence of different factors. Energy and exergy analysis is utilized as effective methods to determine both the quantity and quality of the energy sources. This paper reviews the latest thermodynamics analysis on each system components of a CCPP independently and determine the exergy destruction of the plant. A few layouts of the CCPP plant from different locations considered as case studies. In fact, the most energy losses occurred in the condenser compared with the plant components. It found that in the combustion chamber (CC) the highest exergy destruction occurred. The ambient temperature causes an evident decrement in the power production by the gas turbine (GT). The result has proved that besides energy, exergy analysis is an efficient way to the assessment of the performance of the CCPP by recommending a more advantageous configuration of the CCPP plant, which would lead to reductions in fuel required and emissions of air pollutants
On Superspace Chern-Simons-like Terms
We search for superspace Chern-Simons-like higher-derivative terms in the low
energy effective actions of supersymmetric theories in four dimensions.
Superspace Chern-Simons-like terms are those gauge-invariant terms which cannot
be written solely in terms of field strength superfields and covariant
derivatives, but in which a gauge potential superfield appears explicitly. We
find one class of such four-derivative terms with N=2 supersymmetry which,
though locally on the Coulomb branch can be written solely in terms of field
strengths, globally cannot be. These terms are classified by certain Dolbeault
cohomology classes on the moduli space. We include a discussion of other
examples of terms in the effective action involving global obstructions on the
Coulomb branch.Comment: 23 pages; a reference and an author email correcte
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil managed by conventional surgery and postoperative radiation
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report the long-term outcome of patients with squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the tonsil managed by surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients treated between 1985 and 2005 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were determined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors predictive of outcome were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of patients had T3 to T4 disease and 75% had a positive neck. Five-year OS, DSS, and RFS were 66%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. The status of the neck was not predictive of outcome (DSS 80% for N0 vs 82% for N+; p = .97). Lymphovascular invasion was an independent predictor of OS, DSS, and RFS on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Lymphovascular invasion but not pathological stage of the neck is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with tonsillar SCC. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2014
Localized domain-wall excitations in patterned magnetic dots probed by broadband ferromagnetic resonance
We investigate the magnetization dynamics in circular Permalloy dots with
spatially separated magnetic vortices interconnected by domain walls (double
vortex state). We identify a novel type of quasi one-dimensional (1D) localised
spin wave modes confined along domain walls, connecting each of two vortex
cores with two edge half-antivortices. Variation of the mode eigenfrequencies
with the dot size is in quantitative agreement with the developed model, which
considers a dipolar origin of the localized 1D spin waves or so-called
Winter\'s magnons [J.M. Winter, Phys.Rev. 124, 452 (1961)]. These spin waves
are analogous to the displacement waves of strings, and could be excited in a
wide class of patterned magnetic nanostructures possessing domain walls, namely
in triangular, square, circular or elliptic magnetic dots
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