Impact of Financial Deepening on Exchange Rate: Spillover Evidence from Developed and Developing Economies

Financial Deepening essentially refers to improvements in both the volume of money in circulation and the resultant increase in the pool of financial services tailored to all levels of the society. This paper provides a unique edge to existing knowledge by exploring important factor, through which financial deepening leads to financial crises. The excessive financial deepening in the base country spillovers among other economies led to financial instability. In this essence, annually data have been collected from the International Monetary Fund for the period 2000-2016 from 42 countries. Augmented Dicky Fuller, Correlation, VIF,linear regression and ARCH-GARCH family models have been applied in order to analyze and validate the outcomes. At the end recommendations and future research directions have been presented for both developed and developing countries

Clustering of Handheld Thermal Camera Images in Volcanic Areas and Temperature Statistics

Thermal camera use is becoming ever more widespread in volcanic and environmental research and monitoring activities. Depending on the scope of an investigation and on the type of thermal camera used, different software for thermal infrared (IR) images analysis is employed. The Osservatorio Vesuviano Sezione in Napoli of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV-OV) processes the images acquired during thermal monitoring activities acquired in the Neapolitan areas (Vesuvio, Ischia and Campi Flegrei) with different FLIR software that returns for each image, or for each selected area within the image, a series of parameters (maximum temperature, average temperature, standard deviation, etc.). An operator selects the area of interest and later “manually” inserts the relevant parameters in Excel sheets to generate graphs. Such a tedious, time- and resource-consuming procedure gave reason to implement a software able to automatically analyze sets of thermal images taken with a handheld thermal camera without any manual action. This paper describes the method and the software implemented to “automate” and refine the extrapolation process and the analysis of the relevant information. The employed method clusters thermal images by applying K-MEANS and DBSCAN techniques. After clustering a series of images, the software displays the necessary statistics to highlight possible fluctuations in temperature values. The software, “StaTistical Analysis clusteRed ThErmal Data” (STARTED), is already available. Although it has been developed mostly to support monitoring of the volcanoes in Campania, it is quite versatile and can be used for any activity that implies thermal data analysis. In this paper, we describe the workflow and the dataset used to develop the software, as well as the first result obtained from it

Clustering of Handheld Thermal Camera Images in Volcanic Areas and Temperature Statistics

Thermal camera use is becoming ever more widespread in volcanic and environmental research and monitoring activities. Depending on the scope of an investigation and on the type of thermal camera used, different software for thermal infrared (IR) images analysis is employed. The Osservatorio Vesuviano Sezione in Napoli of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV-OV) processes the images acquired during thermal monitoring activities acquired in the Neapolitan areas (Vesuvio, Ischia and Campi Flegrei) with different FLIR software that returns for each image, or for each selected area within the image, a series of parameters (maximum temperature, average temperature, standard deviation, etc.). An operator selects the area of interest and later “manually” inserts the relevant parameters in Excel sheets to generate graphs. Such a tedious, time- and resource-consuming procedure gave reason to implement a software able to automatically analyze sets of thermal images taken with a handheld thermal camera without any manual action. This paper describes the method and the software implemented to “automate” and refine the extrapolation process and the analysis of the relevant information. The employed method clusters thermal images by applying K-MEANS and DBSCAN techniques. After clustering a series of images, the software displays the necessary statistics to highlight possible fluctuations in temperature values. The software, “StaTistical Analysis clusteRed ThErmal Data” (STARTED), is already available. Although it has been developed mostly to support monitoring of the volcanoes in Campania, it is quite versatile and can be used for any activity that implies thermal data analysis. In this paper, we describe the workflow and the dataset used to develop the software, as well as the first result obtained from it

Perception of risk for natural hazards in Campania Region (Southern Italy)

As far as the European continent, Region Campania in Southern Italy presents an almost unique combination - in terms of both variety and intensity-of potential risks for the residents: this densely populated area is actually most notably exposed to hydrogeological (flood and landslides), seismic, volcanic hazards In such a setting, alongside with an up-to-date scientific approach to risks analysis and the constant update of emergency plans, it is of paramount importance that a “risk awareness culture” should be developed by the residents. In order to maximize the effectiveness of the communication campaigns to support and improve such a culture, a study of risk perception has been carried out in 12 municipalities and 2 territorial unions of Campania Region. Different areas have been examined, the overall exposure of each almost always being characterised by a prevalent specific risk: seismic, volcanic, hydrogeological. The results of this surveys show that the historical memory has a crucial role on the hazards perception. It's also worth of noting that few communities consider that they have been sufficiently well-informed by civil protection agencies and/or authorities about the natural hazards specific to their area and the practical procedures for evacuation. To overcome these deficiencies emergency plans should be designed, developed and practised through the collaboration of all key stakeholders, from civil protection authorities to the residents communities.Publishedid 1011646SR VULCANI – Servizi e ricerca per la societàJCR Journa

Thermal Energy Release Measurement with Thermal Camera: The Case of La Solfatara Volcano (Italy)

Quiescent volcanoes dissipate a large part of their thermal energy through hot soils and ground degassing mainly in restricted areas called Diffuse Degassing Structures. La Solfatara crater represents the main spot of thermal release for the Campi Flegrei volcano (Italy) despite its reduced dimensions with regards to the whole caldera. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to measure thermal energy release extrapolating it from the ground surface temperature. We used imaging from thermal cameras at short distances (1 m) to obtain a mapping of areas with thermal anomalies and a measure of their temperatures. We built a conceptual model of the energy release from the ground to atmosphere, which well fits the experimental data taken in the La Solfatara crater. Using our model and data, we could estimate the average heat flux in a portion of the crater as q a v g = 220 ± 40 W / m 2 , compatible with other measurements in literature

Il Reale Osservatorio Vesuviano e il Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: l’eccellenza di un’istituzione scientifica per la valorizzazione del territorio.

La valorizzazione del territorio passa necessariamente attraverso la possibilità di mettere in luce le eccellenze che lo rendono un patrimonio unico attraverso l'integrazione tra di esse.....Published1-162TM. Divulgazione Scientific

Risk management planning on a volcanic island: fear and loathing in Ischia (Italy)

The semi-structured interview sheet used in the social surveying method

Risk management planning on a volcanic island: fear and loathing in Ischia (Italy)

The semi-structured interview sheet used in the social surveying method

MultiGAS Detection from Airborne Platforms on Italian Volcanic and Geothermal Areas

The measurement of volcanic gases, such as CO2 and SO2, emitted from summit craters and fumaroles is crucial to monitor volcanic activity, providing estimations of gases fluxes, and geochemical information that helps to assess the status and the risk level of an active volcano. During high degassing events, the measurement of volcanic emissions is a dangerous task that cannot be performed using hand portable or backpack carried gas analysis systems. Measurements of gases plumes could be safety achieved by using instruments mounted on UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). In this work, we present the measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S gases collected with a miniaturized MultiGAS instrument during 2021 and 2022 field campaigns. They took place at several thermally active areas in Italy: Pisciarelli (Naples, Italy), Stromboli volcano (Messina, Italy), and Parco Naturalistico delle Biancane (Grosseto, Italy)