Unique Features of HLA-Mediated HIV Evolution in a Mexican Cohort: A Comparative Study

Background: Mounting evidence indicates that HLA-mediated HIV evolution follows highlystereotypic pathways that result in HLA-associated footprints in HIV at the population level.However, it is not known whether characteristic HLA frequency distributions in differentpopulations have resulted in additional unique footprints. Methods: The phylogenetic dependency network model was applied to assess HLA-mediatedevolution in datasets of HIV pol sequences from free plasma viruses and peripheral bloodmononuclear cell (PBMC)-integrated proviruses in an immunogenetically unique cohort of Mexicanindividuals. Our data were compared with data from the IHAC cohort, a large multi-center cohortof individuals from Canada, Australia and the USA.Results: Forty three different HLA-HIV codon associations representing 30 HLA-HIV codon pairswere observed in the Mexican cohort (q < 0.2). Strikingly, 23 (53%) of these associations differedfrom those observed in the well-powered IHAC cohort, strongly suggesting the existence of uniquecharacteristics in HLA-mediated HIV evolution in the Mexican cohort. Furthermore, 17 of the 23novel associations involved HLA alleles whose frequencies were not significantly different fromthose in IHAC, suggesting that their detection was not due to increased statistical power but todifferences in patterns of epitope targeting. Interestingly, the consensus differed in four positionsbetween the two cohorts and three of these positions could be explained by HLA-associated selection. Additionally, different HLA-HIV codon associations were seen when comparing HLAmediatedselection in plasma viruses and PBMC archived proviruses at the population level, with asignificantly lower number of associations in the proviral dataset. Conclusion: Our data support universal HLA-mediated HIV evolution at the population level,resulting in detectable HLA-associated footprints in the circulating virus. However, it also stronglysuggests that unique genetic backgrounds in different HIV-infected populations may influence HIVevolution in a particular direction as particular HLA-HIV codon associations are determined byspecific HLA frequency distributions. Our analysis also suggests a dynamic HLA-associatedevolution in HIV with fewer HLA-HIV codon associations observed in the proviral compartment,which is likely enriched in early archived HIV sequences, compared to the plasma viruscompartment. These results highlight the importance of comparative HIV evolutionary studies inimmunologically different populations worldwide

Implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo de la Empresa ENERCER S.A E.S.P.

Para la ejecución del presente trabajo se elaboro con la información de la empresa ENERCER S.A E.S.P., donde principalmente se tomó su caracterización inicial donde nos menciona su desempeño y servicio de prestación a los servicios públicos específicamente Gas Natural y soluciones energéticas fotovoltaicas, de acuerdo a esta caracterización e información recolectada se identificaron las distintas actividades que allí se realizan, Implementando así un Sistema de gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo en base a esta empresa; se realizaron las políticas,Obejtivos principales de la SST, y así mismo se realizó la planificación mediante un Plan Anual para la seguridad y salud en el trabajo de igual forma los peligros a los que se enfrentan y sus controles a estos, esto mediante la matriz de peligros de igual forma medidas de intervención mediante los indicadores mínimos del SG-SST , enfatizando en la realización de la lista de verificación y calculando los porcentajes obtenidos para obtener como resultado Oportunidades y mejoras frente a este proceso realizado. Palabras clave: Peligros, Controles, Oportunidades, Políticas, Indicadores.For the execution of this work, information from the company ENERCER S.A E.S.P. was prepared, where its initial characterization was mainly taken, which mentions its performance and service provision to public services, specifically Natural Gas and photovoltaic energy solutions, according to this characterization and information collected, the different activities carried out there were identified, thus implementing a Health and Safety management system at work based on this company; The policies were carried out, the main objectives of the SST, and likewise the planning was carried out through an Annual Plan for safety and health at work, in the same way the dangers they face and their controls, this through the matrix of hazards as well as intervention measures through the minimum indicators of the SG-SST, emphasizing the completion of the checklist and calculating the percentages obtained to obtain as a result Opportunities and improvements compared to this process carried out. . Keywords: Dangers, Controls, Opportunities, Policies, Indicator

Determination of the activation energies of beef tallow and crude glycerin combustion using thermogravimetry

The present study deals with the determination of the activation energy for the thermal decomposition of two renewable fuels crude glycerin and beef tallow. The activation energies were investigated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in the temperature range of 25-600 degrees C in atmosphere of synthetic air. The TG curves of the thermal decomposition process of both samples were divided into several phases and the second, called PH2, was chosen for the kinetic study because it is associated with the combustion ignition. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) showed an endothermic event at the PH2 region for the crude glycerin corresponding to devolatilization, while for beef tallow, this step presented an exothermic event, called LTO (low-temperature oxidation), which is correlated with devolatilization followed by combustion. For the entire PH2, activation energy values for crude glycerin were between 90 kJ mol(-1) and 42 kJ mol(-1), while for the beef tallow they ranged from 50 kJ mol(-1) to 113 kJ mol (1). The activation energy values obtained at the pre-ignition stage - conversion between 0 and 0.45 - showed that the crude glycerin with higher values requires an additional energetic support at the start of combustion processes and the beef tallow ignites more easily, presenting lower values. According to the Wolfer's equation, a direct relation between the activation energy and the ignition delay is established and the results of this study provides useful data for the development and design of new combustion chambers and engines when non-traditional fuels are used as feedstock. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CAPESCAPES [PNPD 0034088, BEX 1149/10-5]FAPESPFAPESP [2011/00183-2, 2011/11321-7

Método de remoção e prevenção da formação de biofilme de bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS)

DepositadaA presente invenção propõe o uso do óleo de capim limão ou do seu principal constituinte monoterpênico, o citral, no controle do processo de biocorrosão e acidulação biogênica causada pelo crescimento e formação de biofilme de bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS)

The voices of youth in envisioning positive futures for nature and people

CITATION: Rana, S. et al. 2020. The voices of youth in envisioning positive futures for nature and people. Ecosystems and People, 16(1):326–344, doi:10.1080/26395916.2020.1821095.The original publication is available at https://www.tandfonline.comThe unpredictable Anthropocene poses the challenge of imagining a radically different, equitable and sustainable world. Looking 100 years ahead is not easy, and especially as millennials, it appears quite bleak. This paper is the outcome of a visioning exercise carried out in a 2-day workshop, attended by 33 young early career professionals under the auspices of IPBES. The process used Nature Futures Framework in an adapted visioning method from the Seeds of Good Anthropocene project. Four groups envisioned more desirable future worlds; where humanity has organised itself, the economy, politics and technology, to achieve improved nature-human well-being. The four visions had differing conceptualisations of this future. However, there were interesting commonalities in their leverage points for transformative change, including an emphasis on community, fundamentally different economic systems based on sharing and technological solutions to foster sustainability and human-nature connectedness. Debates included questioning the possibility of maintaining local biocultural diversity with increased connectivity globally and the prominence of technology for sustainability outcomes. These visions are the first step towards a wider galvanisation of youth visions for a brighter future, which is often missing in the arena where it can be taken seriously, to trigger more transformative pathways towards meeting global goals.Publisher's versio

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO