Device spot-laps spheres to very close tolerances

Device laps precise amounts of metal from high spots on a spherical body to correct minute surface imperfections. The device generates the lapped surface with reference to an existing true surface on the spherical workpiece. Lapping is performed by applying a rotary and oscillatory motion to the workpiece while the lapping tool is held on the workpiece high spot

The Influence of Single, Two, and Three Stage Bleaching on Fading Characteristic of Deinked Stock

A literature survey on the various bleaching methods used on deinked stock and the factors which influence the fading characteristic of deinked stock is compiled. Mention is also made of various additives which have an influence on the fading of a sheet. A description of the experimental work with caustic deinked stack of various groundwood content follows. Results indicate that the groundwood content has more effect upon fading of deinked stock than the number of stages of bleaching, although the increase in the number of stages of bleaching does reduce the amount of fading in a sheet. A greater effect by the number of stages of bleaching is obtained in the higher groundwood range

Hollow spherical rotors fabricated by electroplating

Equatorial bands are fabricated to provide a locating fit for the hemispheres of hollow spherical rotors which are then jointed by electroplating. Several nonmagnetic materials may be used to form the joint, such as aluminum, copper, iron, gold, plantinum, and zinc

Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Level 3 baseline; LACIE commodity data control plan for JSC

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Dynamic transitions and hysteresis

When an interacting many-body system, such as a magnet, is driven in time by an external perturbation, such as a magnetic field,the system cannot respond instantaneously due to relaxational delay. The response of such a system under a time-dependent field leads to many novel physical phenomena with intriguing physics and important technological applications. For oscillating fields, one obtains hysteresis that would not occur under quasistatic conditions in the presence of thermal fluctuations. Under some extreme conditions of the driving field, one can also obtain a non-zero average value of the variable undergoing such dynamic hysteresis. This non-zero value indicates a breaking of symmetry of the hysteresis loop, around the origin. Such a transition to the spontaneously broken symmetric phase occurs dynamically when the driving frequency of the field increases beyond its threshold value which depends on the field amplitude and the temperature. Similar dynamic transitions also occur for pulsed and stochastically varying fields. We present an overview of the ongoing researches in this not-so-old field of dynamic hysteresis and transitions.Comment: 30 Pages Revtex, 10 Postscript figures. To appear in Reviews of Modern Physics, April, 199

Pay for Performance: Advances in Understanding How Provider Incentives Produce Quality Healthcare

Since the 2000 publication of the Institute of Medicine report, To Err is Human the issue of healthcare quality has been one of the foremost issues in healthcare. According to this report, as many as 99,000 preventable deaths occur annually due to medical errors. Most of these are believed to occur as a result of system errors rather than failure of an individual provider

Exploration

An article about a two-week excursion in the area of Mount Katahdin, Maine. Reprinted from Appalachia, Vol. XVII, No.2, December, 1928

State Oil Spill Prevention Laws And Intertanko: When Is State Law Preempted?

Seeking declaratory and injunctive relief, the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO), a trade association of tanker operators, brought suit in 1996 against Washington State and local enforcement officials who enforced Washington\u27s Best Achievable Protection (BAP) Regulations. INTERTANKO challenged the constitutionality of the BAP Regulations by asserting that federal regulations and maritime law preempted its provisions: Article VI of the Constitution provides that the laws of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land;... State laws notwithstanding. RITERTANKO founded its preemption theory upon: (1) conflict preemption, whereby a State law is invalid if it stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment of the full objectives of Congress; (2) field preemption, whereby federal regulation of oil tankers dominates the entire subject; (3) express preemption, whereby the BAP Regulations are expressly forbidden by federal statutes some of which authorize the Coast Guard rather than States to act in this field; and (4) that the BAP Regulations violate the Commerce Clause. In the spring of 2000, the Supreme Court handed down its ruling in United States v. Locke. Regarding a state\u27s ability to regulate oil tanker traffic by utilizing provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), the Court pronounced a number of holdings. Specifically, the Court examined Washington\u27s BAP tanker regulations and found that some of the regulations are preempted; as to the balance of the regulations, the Court remanded the case so that the validity of the BAP Regulations may be assessed in light of the considerable federal interest at stake. Each of the BAP Regulations will be discussed in this Comment. Washington provides a prime example for other coastal states of the need for aggressive tanker regulation. It encompasses some of the country\u27s most significant waterways and its rocky Pacific coast presents treacherous grounding points for any wayward tanker. Of premier importance to Washington\u27s coastal environment is Puget Sound, a body of water spanning some 2,500 square miles which connects with the Pacific by way of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a twelve-mile wide channel reaching sixty-five miles into the state\u27s interior. The sound and strait are busily and continuously plied by water traffic that includes small fishing vessels, cargo ships, naval vessels, oil tankers, and barges destined for Washington or Canada. The size and quantity of oil transport vessels have increased dramatically in the last fifty years; oil tankers averaged 16,000 tons of carriage in the 1940s, while numerous tankers exceeded 175,000 tons of carriage in the 1970s. Of all the world\u27s merchant vessels in 1998, tankers numbered 6,739. The profound increase in size and quantity of oil transport vessels has led Washington\u27s environmentalists to seek comprehensive tanker regulation. In addition to examining the Supreme Court\u27s decision regarding Washington\u27s BAP Regulations, this Comment will also review the earlier treatment of the BAP regulations and two other state plans to regulate oil tankers plying their waters, discuss admiralty law, and examine state utilization of OPA to regulate tanker vessels

State Oil Spill Prevention Laws And Intertanko: When Is State Law Preempted?

Seeking declaratory and injunctive relief, the International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO), a trade association of tanker operators, brought suit in 1996 against Washington State and local enforcement officials who enforced Washington\u27s Best Achievable Protection (BAP) Regulations. INTERTANKO challenged the constitutionality of the BAP Regulations by asserting that federal regulations and maritime law preempted its provisions: Article VI of the Constitution provides that the laws of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land;... State laws notwithstanding. RITERTANKO founded its preemption theory upon: (1) conflict preemption, whereby a State law is invalid if it stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment of the full objectives of Congress; (2) field preemption, whereby federal regulation of oil tankers dominates the entire subject; (3) express preemption, whereby the BAP Regulations are expressly forbidden by federal statutes some of which authorize the Coast Guard rather than States to act in this field; and (4) that the BAP Regulations violate the Commerce Clause. In the spring of 2000, the Supreme Court handed down its ruling in United States v. Locke. Regarding a state\u27s ability to regulate oil tanker traffic by utilizing provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA), the Court pronounced a number of holdings. Specifically, the Court examined Washington\u27s BAP tanker regulations and found that some of the regulations are preempted; as to the balance of the regulations, the Court remanded the case so that the validity of the BAP Regulations may be assessed in light of the considerable federal interest at stake. Each of the BAP Regulations will be discussed in this Comment. Washington provides a prime example for other coastal states of the need for aggressive tanker regulation. It encompasses some of the country\u27s most significant waterways and its rocky Pacific coast presents treacherous grounding points for any wayward tanker. Of premier importance to Washington\u27s coastal environment is Puget Sound, a body of water spanning some 2,500 square miles which connects with the Pacific by way of the Strait of Juan de Fuca, a twelve-mile wide channel reaching sixty-five miles into the state\u27s interior. The sound and strait are busily and continuously plied by water traffic that includes small fishing vessels, cargo ships, naval vessels, oil tankers, and barges destined for Washington or Canada. The size and quantity of oil transport vessels have increased dramatically in the last fifty years; oil tankers averaged 16,000 tons of carriage in the 1940s, while numerous tankers exceeded 175,000 tons of carriage in the 1970s. Of all the world\u27s merchant vessels in 1998, tankers numbered 6,739. The profound increase in size and quantity of oil transport vessels has led Washington\u27s environmentalists to seek comprehensive tanker regulation. In addition to examining the Supreme Court\u27s decision regarding Washington\u27s BAP Regulations, this Comment will also review the earlier treatment of the BAP regulations and two other state plans to regulate oil tankers plying their waters, discuss admiralty law, and examine state utilization of OPA to regulate tanker vessels

Closed-circuit television welding- electrode guidance system

Closed-circuit TV camera is mounted parallel to electrode and moves along with it. Camera is scanned along seam so seam is viewed parallel with scan lines on TV monitor. Two fiber optics illuminators are attached to guidance system; they illuminate seam for TV camera