The cost of AIDS to three manufacturing firms in Côte d'Ivoire

In this study the economic consequences of HIV/AIDS are assessed for three firms in Abidjan. The paper investigates the direct and indirect costs incurred by the firms and discusses the way in which they have adjusted to the epidemic. [Ed.]]]> Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV Infections ; Cost of Illness oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_7979 2022-05-07T01:20:57Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_7979 De sonis et coloribus disputandum. Widersprüche und Paradoxe des Farbenhörens. Junod, P info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 1998 Who's afraid of - Zum Stand der Farbforschung, pp. 80-94 Hoormann A, Schawelka K (ed.) oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_7979BF7924AF 2022-05-07T01:20:57Z phdthesis urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_7979BF7924AF Contribution à l'étude des bronchectasies Moe Willy, W.P. Université de Lausanne, Faculté de médecine info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis phdthesis 1954 fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_7979BF7924AF.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_7979BF7924AF1 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_7979BF7924AF1 info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Restricted: indefinite embargo Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_797A1980E029 2022-05-07T01:20:57Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_797A1980E029 Bilateral Uveal Pigmented Alterations With Remarkable Evolution: Long Term Follow-Up in a Case of Possible Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation Avellis, F.O. Mora, P. Gonzales, S. Guex-Crosier, Y.J. Zografos, L. info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject inproceedings 2010 Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, vol. 51 <![CDATA[Purpose: to describe a case of probable bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) with scleral involvement, free from systemic malignancies and cataract. Methods: fifty months of follow up with recurrent complete ophthalmological examinations, including fundus photography, fluorescein/indocyanine green angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Investigations also included an electroretinography (ERG) and histological examination of scleral biopsy. Extraocular malignancies were repeatedly searched. Results: the patient was a 61 year-old Italian man with chronic hepatitis type C. At first visit his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/32 in OS and 20/25 in OD. Funduscopy showed multiple patch-shaped pigmented alterations involving macular region and mid retinal periphery. FA showed corresponding areas of late-phase hyperfluorescent pinpoints (figure 1a, OS) and intemediate-phase hypocyanescence (figure 1b, OS), with subtle serous neurosensory retinal detachment confirmed by OCT. Photopic and scotopic ERG tested normal. Systemic prednisone was administered for one month without any improvement. After ten months round pigmentary lesions appeared also in superior scleral surface of both eyes. Biopsy allowed to disclose slightly pigmented spindle cells. BCVA worsened for further 10 months, with enlargement of FA alteration areas but lenses still clear. After 30 months spontaneous coalescence and atrophy of retinal lesions started, paralleled by progressive visual recovery. At the end of our follow up BCVA was 20/25 in OU while scleral pigmentary lesions remained unchanged. Conclusions: we report the case of a patient with main features of BDUMP and some unusual findings. Although not all classical diagnostic criteria were fulfilled, the presence of scleral pigmented lesions and spontaneous visual recovery may enlarge clinical spectrum of the disease

Vivre et penser le sida en Afrique = Experiencing and understanding AIDS in Africa

Face à la prévalence élevée du VIH/sida dans la ville d'Abidjan en Côte d'Ivoire, les employeurs du secteur privé sont confrontés aux problèmes de santé du personnel d'entrepises et aux conséquences que l'absentéisme médical et décès provoquent, à savoir une baisse probable de la productivité et des performances. Certains employeurs choisissent donc de limiter le nombre de salariés infectés par le VIH, d'autre part en dissimulant les tests VIH à l'embauche. Ces situations impliquent donc la participation du personnel médical et paramédical : les médecins d'entreprise ou certains responsables de laboratoire pharmaceutique et de structures hospitalières collaborent de plein gré ou à leur insu au dépistage du personnel d'entreprise sans le consentement de celui-ci. Les médecins d'entreprise sont parfois confrontés à un choix difficile : communiquer les informations médicales à la demande de l'employeur ou respecter le secret médical et risquer leur emploi s'ils n'exécutent pas la volonté du chef d'entreprise. Dans l'entrprise, les licenciements déguisés sous un autre motif que celui de l'infection à VIH ou le refus à l'embauche d'un postulant à l'emploi ne posent aucune difficulté tant il est difficile pour les victimes de prouver une pratique discriminatoire. (Résumé d'auteur

Appréhension du VIH/sida dans le secteur privé à Abidjan : stratégies d'entreprises et médecins du travail

Concern about HIV/AIDS in the private sector in Abidjan : companies strategies and occupational medecine HIV prevalence in Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire) is one of the highest in West Africa. In the workplace, some employers adopt measures against employees whom they know or presume to be HIV infected. They think these people will become non-productive because of their health problem, their aim is therefore to dismiss them. Sometimes, the company doctor acts in collusion with his employer and commits a breach of confidence. Different strategies are used by the employer to justify a redundancy by another motive than the HIV infection.La prévalence de l'infection à VIH à Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire) est l'une des plus élevées en Afrique de l'Ouest. Sur les lieux de travail certains employeurs prennent des mesures d'exclusion vis-à-vis d'employés dont ils ont appris le statut sérologique VIH. Ils considèrent ces personnes comme non productives à terme, leur objectif est alors de les licencier. Parfois, ils bénéficient de la complicité du médecin d'entreprise qui ne respecte pas le secret médical. Différentes stratégies et techniques sont utilisées par l'employeur pour justifier le licenciement pour un autre motif que celui de l'infection par le VIH.Aventin Laurent. Appréhension du VIH/sida dans le secteur privé à Abidjan : stratégies d'entreprises et médecins du travail. In: Journal des anthropologues, n°66-67, 1996. Anthropologie, entreprise, entrepreneurs. pp. 211-223

Discrimination à l'égard des employés séropositifs dans l'entreprise abidjanaise dépistages illicites du VIH et licenciements abusifs (1995/1996)

HIV infected workers discrimination in companies in Abidjan: unlawful HIV testing and unjustified redundancies. Working population living in Abidjan is HIV infected between 10 and 15%. This context furthers the increase of morbidity and mortality. In such a case, some employers choose to oust applicants and HIV infected staff to limit absenteism and costs relative to disease. On the one hand, employers put pressure on company' s doctors to know the identity of noufied HIV positive people. On the orner hand, some laboratories of medical analyses test people without informing them and communicate their results to employers. These laboratories obtain substancial financial gains from these illegal practices. With the excuse of company good working, the employer dismiss HIV infected people under many legal ways . Too frequent absenteism, professional misconduct or bad atmosphere with working colleagues are obviously used as a mean to prove unjustified redundancies of HIV infected employees.Résumé. La population active urbaine abidjanaise est infectée par le VIH à hauteur de 10 % à 15 %, constituant une cause importante de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Dans ces circonstances, certains employeurs, dans le but de limiter l'absentéisme et les coûts relatifs à la maladie, choisissent une politique d'exclusion des postulants à l'emploi et du personnel infecté par le VIH. Ces patrons font pression sur leur médecin d'entreprise pour connaître l'identité des cas séropositifs notifiés et bénéficient, par ailleurs, de la collaboration de laboratoires médicaux qui pratiquent le test VIH à l'insu du patient pour le communiquer à l'employeur. Les laboratoires consentants tirent un bénéfice financier de ce type de pratiques. L'employeur organise le licenciement qui sera déguisé sous des motifs légaux, décision qu'il juge utile au bon fonctionnement de l'entreprise. Les absences trop fréquentes, la faute professionnelle ou la mauvaise entente avec ses collègues de travail représentent divers moyens et techniques pour justifier les licenciements abusifs dont sont victimes des employés infectés par le VIH.Discriminación a empleados seropositivos en las empresas de Abidjan : realización ilícita de test VIH y despidos abusivos, 1995-1996. La prevalencia de la infección por VIH en la población urbana activa de Abidjan se estima entre 10 y 15 %, siendo una de las causas importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad. Bajo esas circunstancias algunos empresarios con el fín del limitar el ausentismo y los costos relativos de la enfermedad optan por una política de exclusíon de postulantes al empleo y de trabajadores activos infectados por VIH. Por un lado, los empleadores ejercen presión sobre los médicos de empresa con el fín de conocer la identidad de los empleados identificados como seropositivos y por otro lado, algunos laboratorios clínicos realizan test VIH al personal sin su autorización, comunicando los resultados directamente al empleador. Por el uso de estas prácticas ilegales los laboratorios obtienen importantes ganancias económicas. El empleador organiza los despidos bajo motivos legales, décision que juzga útil para el buen funcionamiento de la empresa. Las ausencias demasiado frecuentes, la falta de profesionalismo o generar mal ambiente de trabajo con sus colegas son algunos de los medios utilizados para justificar los despidos abusivos de los que son víctimas los trabajadores.Aventin Laurent. Discrimination à l'égard des employés séropositifs dans l'entreprise abidjanaise dépistages illicites du VIH et licenciements abusifs (1995/1996). In: Sciences sociales et santé. Volume 15, n°3, 1997. pp. 69-96

Coût du Sida dans trois entreprises manufacturières en Côte d'Ivoire

One of the consequences of HIV/AIDS is that it durably affects the economic activity of African countries. Study of three manufacturing companies in Abidjan made it possible to observe the immediate consequences of the epidemic on these firms and thus make an estimate in terms of costs. Moreover, the different observable reactions of the firms, in view of offsetting the effects of HIV/AIDS, can also be noted. However, work organization-related malfunctions, such as disruptions in social relations and in routines induced by higher turnover, are hardly perceptible and underestimated by entrepreneurs. On account of their cumulative nature, these consequences could in the long term threaten the perenniality of the more vulnerable firms. These situations imply organizational or even structural changes for the companies. Consideration of these factors, i.e. employers' present responses and the impact of the epidemic on work organization, would in the case of macroeconomic models allow for greater precision in projections of the impact on the industrial sector in Africa. [Ed.]]]> Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; HIV Infections ; Cost of Illness oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_C794671D3BD7 2022-05-07T01:26:50Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_C794671D3BD7 La liturgie de la Cène, Genève (1724) Christian, Grosse info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 2013 La théologie. Une anthologie, sous la dir. de Bernard Lauret, t. IV: Les temps modernes, Daniel Odon Hurel et Maria-Cristina Pitassi (dir.), pp. 502-506 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9782204095464 fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_C7948AA53AD9 2022-05-07T01:26:50Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_C7948AA53AD9 Thymic MHC class I gene regulation of susceptibility to lymphocytic choriomeningitis info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/2293422 Speiser, D. E. Zinkernagel, R. M. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1990-12 Thymus, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 187-93 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0165-6090 <![CDATA[Susceptibility of mice to intracerebral (i.c.) infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) depends on the LCMV isolate and host genes. We have previously shown that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes regulate susceptibility to lethal disease due to infection with the LCMV-docile isolate derived from the LCMV-UBC strain. The Dq allele conferred dominant susceptibility whereas other H-2D region alleles tested (Dd, Dk, Db and Ds) conferred resistance. Susceptibility linked to Dq correlated strongly with early and potent LCMV-specific cytotoxic T cell (CTL) activation responsible for the CTL mediated immunopathological disease. To assess the extent to which thymic MHC products control lethal LCM, two studies were performed. First, (H-2Dk x H-2Dq)F1 bone marrow stem cells were used to reconstitute lethally irradiated recipients of each parental type. Reconstituted H-2Dk hosts were found to be resistant whereas H-2Dq hosts were susceptible to lethal LCM after i.c. infection, indicating that the phenotype of disease susceptibility was determined by the host. Second, we investigated the role of the thymus in the determination of resistance or susceptibility to LCM. Previously thymectomized (H-2Dk x H-2Dq)F1 mice received a thymus graft from either H-2Dk or H-2Dq fetal mice. After differentiation of F1 lymphoid precursor cells in the implanted thymus, susceptibility to lethal LCM was assessed. F1 recipient mice carrying a thymus expressing Dk were resistant whereas those carrying a thymus expressing Dq were susceptible. Therefore, as an extension of various previous studies on T cell immune responses, our results document directly that disease susceptibility to lethal LCM is controlled by MHC class I molecules of the thymus

A global metagenomic map of urban microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance

We present a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over 3 years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem. This atlas provides an annotated, geospatial profile of microbial strains, functional characteristics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) markers, and genetic elements, including 10,928 viruses, 1,302 bacteria, 2 archaea, and 838,532 CRISPR arrays not found in reference databases. We identified 4,246 known species of urban microorganisms and a consistent set of 31 species found in 97% of samples that were distinct from human commensal organisms. Profiles of AMR genes varied widely in type and density across cities. Cities showed distinct microbial taxonomic signatures that were driven by climate and geographic differences. These results constitute a high-resolution global metagenomic atlas that enables discovery of organisms and genes, highlights potential public health and forensic applications, and provides a culture-independent view of AMR burden in cities.Funding: the Tri-I Program in Computational Biology and Medicine (CBM) funded by NIH grant 1T32GM083937; GitHub; Philip Blood and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), supported by NSF grant number ACI-1548562 and NSF award number ACI-1445606; NASA (NNX14AH50G, NNX17AB26G), the NIH (R01AI151059, R25EB020393, R21AI129851, R35GM138152, U01DA053941); STARR Foundation (I13- 0052); LLS (MCL7001-18, LLS 9238-16, LLS-MCL7001-18); the NSF (1840275); the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1151054); the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964); Swiss National Science Foundation grant number 407540_167331; NIH award number UL1TR000457; the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Stockholm Health Authority grant SLL 20160933; the Institut Pasteur Korea; an NRF Korea grant (NRF-2014K1A4A7A01074645, 2017M3A9G6068246); the CONICYT Fondecyt Iniciación grants 11140666 and 11160905; Keio University Funds for Individual Research; funds from the Yamagata prefectural government and the city of Tsuruoka; JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20K10436; the bilateral AT-UA collaboration fund (WTZ:UA 02/2019; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, UA:M/84-2019, M/126-2020); Kyiv Academic Univeristy; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine project numbers 0118U100290 and 0120U101734; Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2013–2017; the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya; the CRG-Novartis-Africa mobility program 2016; research funds from National Cheng Kung University and the Ministry of Science and Technology; Taiwan (MOST grant number 106-2321-B-006-016); we thank all the volunteers who made sampling NYC possible, Minciencias (project no. 639677758300), CNPq (EDN - 309973/2015-5), the Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science – MOE, ECNU, the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through project 11215017, National Key RD Project of China (2018YFE0201603), and Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01) (L.S.