117 research outputs found
Spinor Dynamics-Driven Formation of a Dual-Beam Atom Laser
We demonstrate a novel dual-beam atom laser formed by outcoupling oppositely
polarized components of an F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate whose Zeeman
sublevel populations have been coherently evolved through spin dynamics. The
condensate is formed through all-optical means using a single-beam running-wave
dipole trap. We create a condensate in the field-insensitive state, and
drive coherent spin-mixing evolution through adiabatic compression of the
initially weak trap. Such dual beams, number-correlated through the angular
momentum-conserving reaction , have been
proposed as tools to explore entanglement and squeezing in Bose-Einstein
condensates, and have potential use in precision phase measurements.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
A compact high-flux cold atom beam source
We report on an efficient and compact high-flux Cs atom beam source based on
a retro-reflected two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT). We realize an
effective pushing field component by tilting the 2D MOT collimators towards a
separate three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT) in ultra-high vacuum.
This technique significantly improved 3D MOT loading rates to greater than atoms/s using only 20 mW of total laser power for the source. When
operating below saturation, we achieve a maximum efficiency of atoms/s/W
Shell potentials for microgravity Bose-Einstein condensates
Extending the understanding of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) physics to new
geometries and topologies has a long and varied history in ultracold atomic
physics. One such new geometry is that of a bubble, where a condensate would be
confined to the surface of an ellipsoidal shell. Study of this geometry would
give insight into new collective modes, self-interference effects,
topology-dependent vortex behavior, dimensionality crossovers from thick to
thin shells, and the properties of condensates pushed into the ultradilute
limit. Here we discuss a proposal to implement a realistic experimental
framework for generating shell-geometry BEC using radiofrequency dressing of
magnetically-trapped samples. Such a tantalizing state of matter is
inaccessible terrestrially due to the distorting effect of gravity on
experimentally-feasible shell potentials. The debut of an orbital BEC machine
(NASA Cold Atom Laboratory, aboard the International Space Station) has enabled
the operation of quantum-gas experiments in a regime of perpetual freefall, and
thus has permitted the planning of microgravity shell-geometry BEC experiments.
We discuss specific experimental configurations, applicable inhomogeneities and
other experimental challenges, and outline potential experiments.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Breakdown of the scale invariance in the vicinity of Tonks-Girardeau gas
In this article, we consider the monopole excitations of the harmonically
trapped Bose gas in the vicinity of the Tonks-Girardeau limit. Using
Girardeau's Fermi-Bose duality and subsequently an effective fermion-fermion
odd-wave interaction, we obtain the dominant correction to the
scale-invariance-protected value of the excitation frequency, for
microscopically small excitation amplitudes. We produce a series of diffusion
Monte Carlo results that confirm our analytic prediction for three particles.
And less expectedly, our result stands in excellent agreement with the result
of a hydrodynamic simulation of the microscopically large but macroscopically
small excitations.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure
Observation of ultracold atomic bubbles in orbital microgravity
Substantial leaps in the understanding of quantum systems have been driven by exploring geometry, topology, dimensionality and interactions in ultracold atomic ensembles1–6. A system where atoms evolve while confined on an ellipsoidal surface represents a heretofore unexplored geometry and topology. Realizing an ultracold bubble—potentially Bose–Einstein condensed—relates to areas of interest including quantized-vortex flow constrained to a closed surface topology, collective modes and self-interference via bubble expansion7–17. Large ultracold bubbles, created by inflating smaller condensates, directly tie into Hubble-analogue expansion physics18–20. Here we report observations from the NASA Cold Atom Lab21 facility onboard the International Space Station of bubbles of ultracold atoms created using a radiofrequency-dressing protocol. We observe bubble configurations of varying size and initial temperature, and explore bubble thermodynamics, demonstrating substantial cooling associated with inflation. We achieve partial coverings of bubble traps greater than one millimetre in size with ultracold films of inferred few-micrometre thickness, and we observe the dynamics of shell structures projected into free-evolving harmonic confinement. The observations are among the first measurements made with ultracold atoms in space, using perpetual freefall to explore quantum systems that are prohibitively difficult to create on Earth. This work heralds future studies (in orbital microgravity) of the Bose–Einstein condensed bubble, the character of its excitations and the role of topology in its evolution
Exploring the limits of ultracold atoms in space
Existing space-based cold atom experiments have demonstrated the utility of microgravity for improvements in observation times and for minimizing the expansion energy and rate of a freely evolving coherent matter wave. In this paper we explore the potential for space-based experiments to extend the limits of ultracold atoms utilizing not just microgravity, but also other aspects of the space environment such as exceptionally good vacuums and extremely cold temperatures. The tantalizing possibility that such experiments may one day be able to probe physics of quantum objects with masses approaching the Planck mass is discussed
Epidemiology of surgery associated acute kidney injury (EPIS-AKI) : a prospective international observational multi-center clinical study
The incidence, patient features, risk factors and outcomes of surgery-associated postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) across different countries and health care systems is unclear. We conducted an international prospective, observational, multi-center study in 30 countries in patients undergoing major surgery (> 2-h duration and postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) or high dependency unit admission). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of PO-AKI within 72 h of surgery defined by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Secondary endpoints included PO-AKI severity and duration, use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay. We studied 10,568 patients and 1945 (18.4%) developed PO-AKI (1236 (63.5%) KDIGO stage 1500 (25.7%) KDIGO stage 2209 (10.7%) KDIGO stage 3). In 33.8% PO-AKI was persistent, and 170/1945 (8.7%) of patients with PO-AKI received RRT in the ICU. Patients with PO-AKI had greater ICU (6.3% vs. 0.7%) and hospital (8.6% vs. 1.4%) mortality, and longer ICU (median 2 (Q1-Q3, 1-3) days vs. 3 (Q1-Q3, 1-6) days) and hospital length of stay (median 14 (Q1-Q3, 9-24) days vs. 10 (Q1-Q3, 7-17) days). Risk factors for PO-AKI included older age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease), type, duration and urgency of surgery as well as intraoperative vasopressors, and aminoglycosides administration. In a comprehensive multinational study, approximately one in five patients develop PO-AKI after major surgery. Increasing severity of PO-AKI is associated with a progressive increase in adverse outcomes. Our findings indicate that PO-AKI represents a significant burden for health care worldwide
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