Creating Creative Technologists: playing with(in) education

Since the industrial revolution, the organization of knowledge into distinct scientific, technical or creative categories has resulted in educational systems designed to produce and validate particular occupations. The methods by which students are exposed to different kinds of knowledge are critical in creating and reproducing individual, professional or cultural identities. (“I am an Engineer. You are an Artist”). The emergence of more open, creative and socialised technologies generates challenges for discipline-based education. At the same time, the term “Creative Technologies” also suggests a new occupational category (“I am a Creative Technologist”). This chapter presents a case-study of an evolving ‘anti-disciplinary’ project-based degree that challenges traditional degree structures to stimulate new forms of connective, imaginative and explorative learning, and to equip students to respond to a changing world. Learning is conceived as an emergent process; self-managed by students through critique and open peer review. We focus on ‘playfulness’ as a methodology for achieving multi-modal learning across the boundaries of art, design, computer science, engineering, games and entrepreneurship. In this new cultural moment, playfulness also re-frames the institutional identities of teacher and learner in response to new expectations for learning

Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Papillary Renal-Cell Carcinoma

BACKGROUND Papillary renal-cell carcinoma, which accounts for 15 to 20% of renal-cell carcinomas, is a heterogeneous disease that consists of various types of renal cancer, including tumors with indolent, multifocal presentation and solitary tumors with an aggressive, highly lethal phenotype. Little is known about the genetic basis of sporadic papillary renal-cell carcinoma, and no effective forms of therapy for advanced disease exist. METHODS We performed comprehensive molecular characterization of 161 primary papillary renal-cell carcinomas, using whole-exome sequencing, copy-number analysis, messenger RNA and microRNA sequencing, DNA-methylation analysis, and proteomic analysis. RESULTS Type 1 and type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas were shown to be different types of renal cancer characterized by specific genetic alterations, with type 2 further classified into three individual subgroups on the basis of molecular differences associated with patient survival. Type 1 tumors were associated with MET alterations, whereas type 2 tumors were characterized by CDKN2A silencing, SETD2 mutations, TFE3 fusions, and increased expression of the NRF2'antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. A CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) was observed in a distinct subgroup of type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas that was characterized by poor survival and mutation of the gene encoding fumarate hydratase (FH). CONCLUSIONS Type 1 and type 2 papillary renal-cell carcinomas were shown to be clinically and biologically distinct. Alterations in the MET pathway were associated with type 1, and activation of the NRF2-ARE pathway was associated with type 2; CDKN2A loss and CIMP in type 2 conveyed a poor prognosis. Furthermore, type 2 papillary renalcell carcinoma consisted of at least three subtypes based on molecular and phenotypic features

O uso de documentos eletrônicos na contabilidade

O objetivo deste artigo é tecer algumas considerações a respeito dos documentos eletrônicos utilizados na contabilidade das empresas. O artigo inclui uma rápida descrição de como esta matéria vem sendo tratada por alguns órgãos normatizadores e instituições dos Estados Unidos da América. Também, o artigo pretende conceituar e verificar os fundamentos dos documentos, dos documentos eletrônicos e, por fim, dos documentos contábeis. Neste sentido, foram verificados alguns dispositivos legais que amparam o uso deste tipo de documento, bem como a situação de alguns projetos de leis que disciplinam esta matéria. Os resultados mostram um momento de transição, coerente com a mudança de paradigmas que está ocorrendo na chamada nova economia. Também revelam alguns problemas, tais como a falta de legislação específica que dê suporte ao uso dos documentos eletrônicos na contabilidade.<br>The main objective of this article is to elaborate some thoughts on electronic documents used in corporate accounting. This article is a quick summary of how electronic documents have been treated by corporate regulatory agencies in the USA.The article also intends to create concepts and verify the foundations of the documents, that is, electronic documents and accounting documents. Therefore, rules and laws were verified, as well as Law Projects related to the issue. The results show a transition period in accordance with paradigm changes, which are a result of the new economy. Additionally, it reveals some problems such as a lack of specific legislation in the use of electronic documents in accounting