Paper Session II-B - Principles of Forming the Ground/ Space System for the Forecast of Natural and Technogenic Dangers

It is known, that an essential impact on natural, technogenic, social and other processes on the Earth is made by phenomena occurring on the Sun and within the Earth\u27s near space environment. This is the so called space weather , that causes natural calamities, accidents and disasters, thus influencing the health and people\u27s psychology, etc

2. Morphology and dynamics of the Pinatubo aerosol layer in the northern hemisphere as detected from a ship-borne lidar

International audienceScattering ratios of the Pinatubo aerosol layer obtained by the ship-borne lidar of the Roscomhydromet of Russia on-board PROFESSOR ZUBOV are presented. During a campaign primarily in the low-latitude (8°N-43°N) Atlantic Ocean, 48 days of data were obtained within the 73 day period spanning 11-July and 21-September of 1991 [Avdyushin et al., 1992]. These data show the aerosol cloud to be primarily in the 16-27 km altitude region, with a high degree of variability in the vertical structure and in the longitudinal structure, and to a lesser degree, in the latitudinal structure. Scattering ratios of up to 50 were recorded in the multi-layered structure which was often observed. These are the first lidar observations showing a high degree of zonal variability of the vertical structure of the aerosol layer. We show the latitudinal range of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the northern hemisphere over a 2 month period and estimate the latitudinal dispersion rate for the months of the measurements to be approximately 5° latitude per month. A clear periodic variability was observed in the altitude structure during the entire data-set primarily within 8°N-22°N latitude and within the altitude region of the layer, from which a mean zonal wind profile was produced by a spectral analysis of the aerosol profiles

1. Spatial and temporal evolution of the optical thickness of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the northern hemisphere from a network of ship-borne and stationary lidars

International audienceThe vertical profiles of the extinction coefficient and the total optical thickness of the Pinatubo aerosol layer obtained from a network of 5 Rayleigh-Mie lidars are presented here. Three ship-borne lidars (PROFESSOR ZUBOV†, PROFESSOR VIZE†, HENRI POINCARE*) and two fixed lidar stations (OHP* and CEL*) are operated respectively by the Roscomhydromet†, of Russia and of the Service d'Aeronomie du CNRS* of France. The measurements presented are in the altitude range 15-35 km. They were obtained between July 1991 - April 1992 and cover 8°S-60°N latitude and 80°W-6°E longitude. This represents extensive coverage of the western sector of the northern hemisphere, which is partly coincident with UARS satellite coverage. Optical depths of up to 0.2 were observed and maximum extinction coefficient values of 0.08 km-1 were obtained at 24 km and 18°N latitude

Results of measurement of the night corpuscular flux on the MR-12 rockets in the JASPIC project (Soviet part of the program)

In June 1978, a joint Soviet-American project (JASPIC) was conducted, the goals of which were: (1) the study of the flows of spilling electrons which act upon the middle-latitude ionosphere under nocturnal conditions (nocturnal corpuscular source of ionization); and (2) the mutual comparison of procedures for recording corpuscular radiations in the upper atmosphere, using meteorological and geophysical rockets