23 research outputs found
âMedeaâ in the Greek Courtroom: Contesting Insanity among Jurists, Psychiatrists and the Public
This article focuses on the case of the young American woman who killed herthree children in 1961 in Athens, attempted to commit suicide and was widely referred toas the âMedea of Kalamakiâ. Its goal is to discuss the difficulties that psychiatrists facedin Greek courts to establish themselves as experts on matters pertaining to the mentalcondition of homicide offenders, and the constant calling into question of their expertiseby the judiciary and the press alike. At the same time, the article argues that in theparticular circumstances of 1960s Greece, press crime narratives brought forward a thirdfactor involved in the controversy between the judiciary and the psychiatrists, namelyâpublic opinionâ, testifying to an âenlarged publicityâ. Jane Brownâs two trials attest tothe prevalence in both the judiciary and the press of the âMedea narrativeâ that refutedpsychiatric diagnoses of diminished or even a total lack of liability for her acts
Historia de las mujeres y de género en Grecia: ¿un factor molesto?
This paper discusses the findings of womenâs and gender history in Greece since the early â80s, placing it both in an international context and in the context of Greek historiography. It shows how the relevant literature has focused primarily on the urban middle classes, public institutions and individual action. Greek womenâs and gender history has developed thematically along two axes: civil, social and especially political rights, or the gendered aspects of citizenship, on the one hand, and work, the gendered division of labour and its consequences, on the other hand. The paper argues that these studies have extended historical inquiry to include the ways that gender has shaped class relations, national identity and family hierarchy, as well as the meaning of social protest, politics and the formation of public space. It also considers the shortcomings of the relevant literature as well as the most recent developments in doctoral research and university teaching.Este artĂculo analiza los avances de la historia de las mujeres y del gĂ©nero en Grecia desde principios de los años 80, situĂĄndolos en el contexto internacional y en el de la historiografĂa griega. Muestra cĂłmo la producciĂłn se ha centrado fundamentalmente en las clases medias urbanas, las instituciones pĂșblicas y la acciĂłn individual. TemĂĄticamente, la historia de las mujeres y del gĂ©nero en Grecia se ha desarrollado en torno a dos ejes: los derechos civiles, sociales y especialmente polĂticos, es decir, los aspectos generizados de la ciudadanĂa, por un lado, y el trabajo, su divisiĂłn generizada y las consecuencias de ello, por otro. El artĂculo sostiene que esos estudios han ampliado la investigaciĂłn histĂłrica para incluir las vĂas a travĂ©s de las cuales el gĂ©nero ha modelado las relaciones de clase, la identidad familiar y la jerarquĂa nacional, asĂ como el significado de la protesta social, la polĂtica y la formaciĂłn del espacio pĂșblico. TambiĂ©n tiene en cuenta los puntos dĂ©biles de la producciĂłn en ese campo, asĂ como las tendencias mĂĄs recientes en la investigaciĂłn y la enseñanza universitaria
When Juvenile Delinquency Became an International Post-War Concern
This book examines how the intensive discussions about the issue of juvenile delinquency in the new international organizations (United Nations, World Health Organization, Council of Europe), which emerged after the end of the Second World War, internationalized the anxieties generated in the fifties and sixties by its purported increase in Europe and beyond. Greece, a regular member-state, anxious to ensure international legitimacy in the aftermath of the Civil War, presented abroad an embellished picture of the measures undertaken at home for the prevention and containment of juvenile delinquency, sidestepping the strong moralism and the juridical formalism that dominated both official and unofficial approaches
Emotions on Trial: Judging Crimes of Honour in Post-Civil-War Greece
The 1950s in Greece were marked by a rash of «honour crimes» and by an extensive public debate on their penal management. The public interventions revolved around the emotions of the perpetrators and the jurors and had two aspects. One concerned the legal structure of honour as an emotion, described as intervening at the moment of the criminal act, and its assessment by the jury as a mitigating circumstance. The second referred to the emotions expressed by the jurors through their verdicts and explored to what degree these registered the existence of a cultural value system shared by the perpetrators and the jurors judging them. The much-discussed leniency which was systematically attributed to the jurors trying «honour crimes» gradually led, in the 1960s, to the contestation of the jury system of penal justice.En GrĂšce, les annĂ©es 1950 furent marquĂ©es par une vague de « crimes dâhonneur » et par un large dĂ©bat public concernant leur traitement pĂ©nal. Les interventions publiques touchaient aux Ă©motions des auteurs et des jurĂ©s et comportaient deux aspects: le premier visait le caractĂšre juridique de lâhonneur comme Ă©motion intervenant lors du passage Ă lâacte, et son apprĂ©ciation en tant que circonstance attĂ©nuante, par le jury; le second renvoyait aux Ă©motions exprimĂ©es par les jurĂ©s dans leur verdict et au point de savoir dans quelle mesure ce dernier traduisait un systĂšme de valeurs et une culture commune aux auteurs et aux jurĂ©s chargĂ©s de les juger. Le laxisme systĂ©matiquement attribuĂ© aux jurĂ©s dans ces procĂšs conduisit graduellement Ă la remise en cause de lâexistence du jury criminel, dans les annĂ©es 1960
Historia de las mujeres y de género en Grecia: ¿un factor molesto?
Este artĂculo analiza los avances de la historia de las mujeres y del gĂ©nero en Grecia desde principios de los años 80, situĂĄndolos en el contexto internacional y en el de la historiografĂa griega. Muestra cĂłmo la producciĂłn se ha centrado fundamentalmente en las clases medias urbanas, las instituciones pĂșblicas y la acciĂłn individual. TemĂĄticamente, la historia de las mujeres y del gĂ©nero en Grecia se ha desarrollado en torno a dos ejes: los derechos civiles, sociales y especialmente polĂticos, es decir, los aspectos generizados de la ciudadanĂa, por un lado, y el trabajo, su divisiĂłn generizada y las consecuencias de ello, por otro. El artĂculo sostiene que esos estudios han ampliado la investigaciĂłn histĂłrica para incluir las vĂas a travĂ©s de las cuales el gĂ©nero ha modelado las relaciones de clase, la identidad familiar y la jerarquĂa nacional, asĂ como el significado de la protesta social, la polĂtica y la formaciĂłn del espacio pĂșblico. TambiĂ©n tiene en cuenta los puntos dĂ©biles de la producciĂłn en ese campo, asĂ como las tendencias mĂĄs recientes en la investigaciĂłn y la enseñanza universitaria
Fabio Giomi, Stefano Petrungaro (eds), Voluntary Associations in Yugoslavia (1918-1941)Â / Le fait associatif en Yougoslavie (1918-1941)
The special issue of the European Review of History / Revue europĂ©enne dâhistoire on voluntary associations in interwar Yugoslavia testifies to the renewed historical interest in twentieth-century associational culture. Focusing on the largely-unknown-to-English-speaking-readers Yugoslav case, the explicit intention of its editors is to de-center the Western paradigm regarding associational activities and culture. The Kingdom of Yugoslavia is a fascinating case study, as the editors acknowle..
Evdoxios Doxiadis, The Shackles of Modernity: women, property, and the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Greek State (1750-1850)
Le livre de Evdoxios Doxiadis, aujourdâhui professeur assistant au DĂ©partement des Ă©tudes hellĂ©niques Ă lâUniversitĂ© Simon Fraser, Ă©tudie les transformations survenues dans les rapports des femmes Ă la propriĂ©tĂ© au cours de la pĂ©riode qui sâĂ©tend des sociĂ©tĂ©s grĂ©co-ottomanes traditionnelles prĂ©rĂ©volutionnaires, gĂ©rĂ©es suivant les coutumes, Ă la sociĂ©tĂ© grecque rĂ©gie par la lĂ©gislation de lâĂtat moderne, aprĂšs une dĂ©cennie de Guerre dâindĂ©pendance. Il dĂ©montre que la « modernité » â identifiĂ©e..
« Sauver lâenfant dĂ©voyé » : la SociĂ©tĂ© pour la protection des mineurs dâAthĂšnes aprĂšs la guerre
Ă travers le cas de la SociĂ©tĂ© pour la protection des mineurs dâAthĂšnes (SPMA, 1943), partie prenante du mĂ©canisme de la justice des mineurs, lâarticle examine le rĂŽle des bĂ©nĂ©voles dans lâĂ©conomie mixte de protection sociale de lâaprĂšs-guerre. Il retrace la constitution dâun rĂ©seau social sur la question de la dĂ©viance juvĂ©nile dĂšs lâentre-deux-guerres, ses relations changeantes avec lâĂtat et les circonstances qui ont conduit Ă la crĂ©ation de la SPMA. EntitĂ© publique relevant du ministĂšre de la Justice, rassemblant surtout des bĂ©nĂ©voles et sâaidant de parrainages privĂ©s, la SPMA entreprend des actions collectives dans le but de consolider sa position dominante dans le champ de la protection sociale des enfants « dĂ©voyĂ©s ». Sur la base de notions de sacrifice et dâabnĂ©gation, ses cadres organisent leurs actions publiques et leurs rapports tant en son sein quâavec les autres corps et organismes qui Ćuvrent dans le mĂȘme champ de protection sociale, tout en produisant une socialitĂ© hiĂ©rarchique.The article presents the role of volunteers in the post-war mixed economy of welfare as demonstrated by the Society for the Protection of Minors of Athens (SPMA, 1943), part of the mechanism of juvenile justice. It traces the interwar social networks that highlighted the issue of âstrayedâ youth, and their changing relationships with the state in the different political and social conditions that led to the foundation of the SPMA. A legal entity governed by private law, staffed by volunteers and funded mainly by private grants, the SPMA developed collective actions aiming at consolidating its position in the field of social protection of âstrayedâ youth. Its cadres drew on traditional and widely dispersed cultural concepts of the time, namely the concepts of âsacrificeâ, âprotectionâ, and âsalvationâ, in order to organise the Societyâs collective action and social relationships, producing hierarchical sociality