721 research outputs found
A daily diary investigation on the job-related affective experiences fueled by work addiction
Background and aims: We studied the quality of the job-related emotional experiences associated with work addiction. We hypothesized that work addiction would fuel both a higher level of daily job-related negative affect and a lower level of daily job-related positive affect and that such affective experiences would mediate the relationship between work addiction and emotional exhaustion reported at the end of the working day. Additionally, in light of typical behaviors and cognitions associated with work addiction, we also hypothesized that work addiction would modify the relationships between day workload and same day emotional strain reactions (i.e., job-related negative affect and job-related positive affect). Methods: Participants were 213 workers (42.5% female), most of whom holding a high-profile job position, who were followed for 10 consecutive working days in the context of a daily diary study. Results: Multilevel analyses controlling for neuroticism revealed that work addiction was uniquely and positively related to daily job-related negative affect and that the latter mediated the relationship between work addiction and daily emotional exhaustion. On the other hand, work addiction was not negatively related to daily job-related positive affect; this relationship emerged only when removing neuroticism from the model. Additionally, work addiction strengthened the relationship between day workload and day job-related negative affect. Discussion: Results indicate that work addicted are characterized by the experience of a negatively connotated affect during work, and that this kind of affect may be a mechanism explaining the work addiction-burnout relationship
Unravelling work drive: A comparison between workaholism and overcommitment
Workaholism and overcommitment are often used as interchangeable constructs describing an individual’s over-involvement toward their own job. Employees with high levels in both constructs are characterized by an excessive effort and attachment to their job, with the incapability to detach from it and negative consequences in terms of poor health and job burnout. However, few studies have simultaneously measured both constructs, and their relationships are still not clear. In this study, we try to disentangle workaholism and overcommitment by comparing them with theoretically related contextual and personal antecedents, as well as their health consequences. We conducted a nonprobability mixed mode research design on 133 employees from different organizations in Italy using both self-and other-reported measures. To test our hypothesis that workaholism and overcommitment are related yet different constructs, we used partial correlations and regression analyses. The results confirm that these two constructs are related to each other, but also outline that overcommitment (and not workaholism) is uniquely related to job burnout, so that overcommitment rather than workaholism could represent the true negative aspect of work drive. Additionally, workaholism is more related to conscientiousness than overcommitment, while overcommitment shows a stronger relationship with neuroticism than workaholism. The theoretical implications are discussed
Qualidade do solo em áreas de plantio convencional sob latossolos do cerrado.
O cultivo convencional envolve o revolvimento e pulverização do solo, aplicação de corretivos e fertilizantes e exposição das partículas de solo. Este cultivo pode alterar a estrutura do solo, o que reflete no índice de qualidade do solo. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer índices que expressam a qualidade do solo em áreas de manejo com cultivo convencional em Latossolos sob Cerrado, através da avaliação de atributos físicos e químicos dos solos
Erodibilidade do solo nos tabuleiros costeiros.
Para determinar perdas de solo por erosão hídrica, em diferentes situações, são utilizados modelos de predição de erosão, como a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo (EUPS). A aplicação destes modelos, no planejamento agrícola e ambiental, depende da determinação dos fatores da EUPS, dentre estes a erodibilidade (fator K). Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a erodibilidade, para as principais classes de solos da região dos Tabuleiros Costeiros, em Aracruz (ES). O experimento foi instalado nos seguintes solos: Argissolo Amarelo textura média/argilosa (PA1), Plintossolo Háplico (FX) e Argissolo Amarelo moderadamente rochoso (PA2). Para o cálculo da erodibilidade, foram utilizados dados de erosividade e de perdas de solo de novembro de 1997 a maio de 2004. As coletas de perdas de solo foram realizadas para cada evento de chuva considerada erosiva. Os valores de erodibilidade foram 0,007 Mg h MJ-1 mm-1; 0,017 Mg h MJ-1 mm-1; e 0,0004 Mg h MJ-1 mm-1, para PA1, FX e PA2, respectivamente
Distinct Contributions of Median Raphe Nucleus to Contextual Fear Conditioning and Fear-Potentiated Startle
Ascending 5-HT projections from the
median raphe nucleus (MRN), probably to the
hippocampus, are implicated in the acquisition
of contextual fear (background stimuli), as
assessed by freezing behavior. Foreground cues
like light, used as a conditioned stimulus (CS) in
classical fear conditioning, also cause freezing
through thalamic transmission to the amygdala.
As the MRN projects to the hippocampus and
amygdala, the role of this raphe nucleus in fear
conditioning to explicit cues remains to be
explained. Here we analyzed the behavior of
rats with MRN electrolytic lesions in a
contextual conditioning situation and in a fear-potentiated
startle procedure. The animals
received MRN electrolytic lesions either before
or on the day after two consecutive training
sessions in which they were submitted to 10
conditioning trials, each in an experimental
chamber (same context) where they. received
foot-shocks (0.6 mA, 1 sec) paired to a 4-sec
light CS. Seven to ten days later, the animals
were submitted to testing sessions for assessing
conditioned fear when they were placed for five
shocks, and the duration of contextual freezing
was recorded. The animals were then submitted
to a fear-potentiated startle in response to a 4-sec
light-CS, followed by white noise (100 dB, 50 ms). Control rats (sham) tested in the same
context showed more freezing than did rats
with pre- or post-training MRN lesions. Startle
was clearly potentiated in the presence of light CS in the sham-lesioned animals. Whereas pretraining
lesions reduced both freezing and fear-potentiated
startle, the post-training lesions
reduced only freezing to context, without
changing the fear-potentiated startle. In a
second experiment, neurotoxic lesions of the
MRN with local injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate
or the activation of 5-HT1A somatodendritic
auto-receptors of the MRN by
microinjections of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist
8-hydroxy- 2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT)
before the training sessions also reduced
the amount of freezing and the fear-potentiated
startle. Freezing is a prominent response of
contextual fear conditioning, but does not seem
to be crucial for the enhancement of the startle
reflex by explicit aversive cues. As fear-potentiated
startle may be produced in posttraining
lesioned rats that are unable to freeze
to fear contextual stimuli, dissociable systems
seem to be recruited in each condition. Thus,
contextual fear and fear-potentiated startle are
conveyed by distinct 5-HT-mediated circuits of
the MRN
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