Increased soil organic carbon stocks under agroforestry: A survey of six different sites in France

Introduction: Agroforestry systems are land use management systems in which trees are grown in combinationwith crops or pasture in the same field. In silvoarable systems, trees are intercropped with arable crops, andin silvopastoral systems trees are combined with pasture for livestock. These systems may produce forage andtimber as well as providing ecosystem services such as climate change mitigation. Carbon (C) is stored in theaboveground and belowground biomass of the trees, and the transfer of organic matter from the trees to the soilcan increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Few studies have assessed the impact of agroforestry systems oncarbon storage in soils in temperate climates, as most have been undertaken in tropical region

Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Urban Areas in France

International audienc

Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Urban Areas in France

International audienc

Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Urban Areas in France

International audienc

Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys

Abstract Background Analyses of environmental correlates of the composition of gastrointestinal parasite communities in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have been hindered by inadequate calibration techniques of detection and quantification methods of the parasites. Here we calibrate samples and compare the likelihood of parasite detection using two flotation techniques, FLOTAC and Mini-FLOTAC, and compare flotation solution, preservation method and dilution ratio for egg detection and counts of the most common parasites (Controrchis spp. and Trypanoxyuris spp.) in howler monkeys. Results For samples preserved in 5% formalin, the Mini-FLOTAC technique was the best option for qualitative and quantitative copro-microscopic analysis. This technique displays an 83.3% and 100% detection of Controrchis spp. and Trypanoxyuris spp. infections, respectively. For the trematode Controrchis spp., more eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were recorded with the flotation solution (FS) #7 (zinc sulfate; specific gravity SG = 1.35) at 1:20 and 1:25 dilution than other methods. By contrast, for the nematode Trypanoxyuris spp., the best results were recorded with FS1 (sucrose and formaldehyde; SG = 1.20) at 1:10 dilution. Conclusions We recommend the Mini-FLOTAC technique for general use with parasite analysis on frugivore/folivores like the howler monkey, especially if many samples are analyzed. The technique has a high detection rate and the best EPG counts, allowing the qualitative and quantitative analysis of parasite load among the species or populations without the need for specialized equipment

Additional file 6: Table S5. of Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys

Generalized linear model output for Trypanoxyuris spp. egg counts. (DOCX 16 kb

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys

Controrchis spp. egg counts, stratified by flotation and preservation method, dilution and flotation solutions. (DOCX 19 kb

Additional file 2: Table S1. of Flotation techniques (FLOTAC and mini-FLOTAC) for detecting gastrointestinal parasites in howler monkeys

Table showing in-depth calibration scheme. (DOCX 19 kb