Casos brasileiros de Restauração Socioinovadora de Paisagens

As tendências atuais sobre a relação sociedade e natureza apontam para um cenário desfavorável para qualidade de vida humana. Na disputa política para construir soluções, cada vez mais pessoas se organizam para enfrentar a onda neopopulista e centralizadora que ganha. Desse ambiente de conflito e resistência alguns movimentos sociais, projetos socioambientais e organizações da sociedade civil têm encontrado uma forma de reagir de forma construtiva. Ao promoverem Inovações Socioecológicas, compartilham saberes e práticas, viabilizando novas relações sociais que colocam a comunidade local como protagonista de um desenvolvimento rural onde o capital natural assume o centro das discussões. No presente artigo, exploramos três estudos de caso pela óptica da Restauração Socioinovadora de Paisagens (Resip) buscando compreender os fatores determinantes para a emergência e desenvolvimento desse processo. The current trends in relationships between society and nature point to an unfavorable scenario for quality human life on Earth. In the political dispute to build solutions, an increasing number of people are organizing to face the neo-populist wave that is gaining power and leading to a neo-centralizing agenda. Some social movements, socio-environmental projects, and civil society organizations have found a way to respond constructively to this environment of conflict and resistance. By promoting socio-ecological innovations, they shares knowledge and practices, enabling new social relations that place the local community as the protagonist of a rural development design where natural capital takes center stage. In this article, we explore three case studies from the perspective of Socio-innovative Restoration of Forest Landscapes, seeking to understand the determining factors for the emergence and development of this process.&nbsp

Restoration Challenges and Opportunities for Increasing Landscape Connectivity under the New Brazilian Forest Act

First paragraph: Conservation government policies are main legal mechanisms directly sharping landscape ecology. In Brazil, the two main environmental public policies are the National System of Conservation Units (Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação, SNUC), which regulates the establishment and management of public and sometimes privately owned Protected Areas, and the Brazilian Forest Act (Federal Law 12,651, May 25, 2012 (Brasil 2012), the former Código Florestal, BFA), which regulates the conservation, restoration, and natural vegetation clearing in privately owned lands. As more than 70% of the Brazilian territory is privately owned (IPEA 2011), the present article discusses the recent substitution of the BFA of 1965 by Law 12,651 of 2012 (heretofore referred to as new BFA: NBFA) and their potential effects on ecosystem conservation, restoration, and landscape integrity. These changes have been justified by agricultural lobbyists stating that compliance with the previous policies would supposedly harm several agricultural business sectors. However, studies have shown this is not necessarily the case (Brancalion & Rodrigues 2010; Sparovek et al. 2011)

Bridging Social Innovation with Forest and Landscape Restoration

Mitigating climate change, preventing mass species extinctions, improving rural livelihoods, and disaster risk reduction are among today's most urgent challenges. To meet these challenges, a large number of social actors need to agree to engage and act collectively on Forest and Landscape Restoration (FLR), ensuring its dual goal of restoring ecological functionality and improving people's wellbeing. Although FLR has gained momentum globally, the experiences so far continue to face socio-economic and governance challenges associated with the design and realization of effective efforts. Social Innovation (SI) can be seen contemporarily as the process and the result of interaction between stakeholders in the construction of solutions to social needs and problems, including those tackled by FLR. Here, using a content analysis approach applied to existing literature, we propose five possible conceptual bridges between FLR and SI. The Social Innovative – Forest and Landscape Restoration (SI-FLR) process advocates that sustainable livelihood needs should be attended first to ensure the Social-Ecological Systems' resilience. These bridges are: (1) “Landscape as the main context”; (2) “Nature as social need”; (3) “Landscape stewardship groups”; (4) “Governance capabilities”; (5) “Adapting and transforming to enhance resilience.” Identifying these bridges, will help decision-makers and project managers to improve the FLR initiatives by supporting the potential of SI and sparking the interest of other researchers to explore the many possibilities of SI-FLR

Avifauna como possível indicador da resiliência de áreas degradadas

Avifauna is an indicator of ecosystems alterations with the potential to point the resiliency of a specific degraded area, here understood as the ability of self-recovery. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and diversity of avifauna as an indicator of resiliency in four different degraded areas. For avifauna evaluation a study was conducted in four areas located in the Campestre microbasin, Saltinho-SP. We assessed the Jaccard similarity coefficient and the avifauna contribution for the potential of self-recovering per area. The diversity of habitats and degradation presented a strong influence on avifauna contribution for the potential of self-recovering and in avifauna diversity. The insectivorous species were the most frequent in the areas. Furthermore, there were species similarity between the swamp and shrub areas and between riparian and forest areas.A avifauna é um indicador das alterações na qualidade dos ecossistemas, com potencial para apontar a resiliência de uma dada área degradada, aqui entendida com a capacidade de auto-recuperação. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a presença e diversidade da avifauna como indicadora da resiliência de quatro áreas em diferentes estados de degradação. Para avaliação da presença de avifauna um estudo foi realizado em quatro áreas localizadas na microbacia do Campestre, em Saltinho-SP. Foram avaliados o índice de similaridade de Jaccard e o índice de contribuição da avifauna para o potencial de auto-recuperação (IC-AVEPAR) por área. A diversidade de habitats e o estado de degradação exerceram forte influência no IC-AVEPAR e na presença de um maior número de espécies da avifauna, demonstrando que a avifauna funcionou como indicador da resiliência dessas áreas. As espécies insetívoras foram as mais frequentes encontradas nas áreas. Além disso, houve similaridade de espécies entre as áreas brejosas e entre áreas de capoeira, mata ciliar e interior de mata