Human-Centered AI to Support an Adaptive Management of Human-Machine Transitions with Vehicle Automation

This article is about the Human-Centered Design (HCD), development and evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm aiming to support an adaptive management of Human-Machine Transition (HMT) between car drivers and vehicle automation. The general principle of this algorithm is to monitor (1) the drivers’ behaviors and (2) the situational criticality to manage in real time the Human-Machine Interactions (HMI). This Human-Centered AI (HCAI) approach was designed from real drivers’ needs, difficulties and errors observed at the wheel of an instrumented car. Then, the HCAI algorithm was integrated into demonstrators of Advanced Driving Aid Systems (ADAS) implemented on a driving simulator (dedicated to highway driving or to urban intersection crossing). Finally, user tests were carried out to support their evaluation from the end-users point of view. Thirty participants were invited to practically experience these ADAS supported by the HCAI algorithm. To increase the scope of this evaluation, driving simulator experiments were implemented among three groups of 10 participants, corresponding to three highly contrasted profiles of end-users, having respectively a positive, neutral or reluctant attitude towards vehicle automation. After having introduced the research context and presented the HCAI algorithm designed to contextually manage HMT with vehicle automation, the main results collected among these three profiles of future potential end users are presented. In brief, main findings confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of the HCAI algorithm, its benefits regarding drivers’ satisfaction, and the high levels of acceptance, perceived utility, usability and attractiveness of this new type of “adaptive vehicle automation”

Human-Centered AI to Support an Adaptive Management of Human-Machine Transitions with Vehicle Automation

This article is about the Human-Centered Design (HCD), development and evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm aiming to support an adaptive management of Human- Machine Transition (HMT) between car drivers and vehicle automation. The general principle of this algorithm is to monitor (1) the drivers' behaviors and (2) the situational criticality to manage in real time the Human-Machine Interactions (HMI). This Human-Centered AI (HCAI) approach was designed from real drivers' needs, difficulties and errors observed at the wheel of an instrumented car. Then, the HCAI algorithm was integrated into demonstrators of Advanced Driving Aid Systems (ADAS) implemented on a driving simulator (dedicated to highway driving or to urban intersection crossing). Finally, user tests were carried out to support their evaluation from the end-users point of view. Thirty participants were invited to practically experience these ADAS supported by the HCAI algorithm. To increase the scope of this evaluation, driving simulator experiments were implemented among three groups of 10 participants, corresponding to three highly contrasted profiles of end- users, having respectively a positive, neutral or reluctant attitude towards vehicle automation. After having introduced the research context and presented the HCAI algorithm designed to contextually manage HMT with vehicle automation, the main results collected among these three profiles of future potential end users are presented. In brief, main findings confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of the HCAI algorithm, its benefits regarding drivers' satisfaction, and the high levels of acceptance, perceived utility, usability and attractiveness of this new type of ?adaptive vehicle automation?

Les effets biphasiques de l'alcool dans le contexte de conduite

SEMOB 2021, 1er salon de la Sécurité Routière au service des Mobilités en entreprise, Toulouse, FRANCE, 23-/11/2021 - 24/11/2021Si les effets de la consommation de l'alcool sur la conduite sont étudiés depuis longtemps, les études se concentrent généralement sur une vision partielle du comportement de l'alcool dans l'organisme. En effet, si certaines conséquences de l'ingestion d'alcool peuvent être considérées comme dépendant de la dose ingérée, d'autres effets sont associés à la temporalité après ingestion. Ainsi, une fois ingérée, la course de l'alcool dans l'organisme produit une phase ascendante, un pic ou plateau puis une phase descendante (Ramaekers, 2020). Les effets de l'alcool pouvant varier en fonction de ces phases, ils sont décrits comme « effets biphasiques ». Ces effets biphasiques se manifestent, par exemple, par une prévalence d'effets stimulants lors de la phase ascendante et une prévalence d'effets sédatifs lors de la phase descendante (Hendler, Ramchandani, Gilman, & Hommer, 2011). Cependant elles se retrouvent également sur d'autres caractéristiques au niveau subjectif (p. ex., le sentiment d'intoxication disparaît durant la phase descendante?; Marczinski, Stamates & Maloney, 2018), au niveau comportemental (p. ex., la volonté de prendre le volant malgré l'état d'intoxication est plus grande durant la phase descendante, Marczinski, Stamates & Maloney, 2018), et au niveau cognitif (p. ex., la coordination motrice récupère lors de la phase descendante, Weafer, & Fillmore, 2012). Malgré cela, les différentes phases de l'alcoolémie ne sont que très peu étudiées dans le contexte de conduite

Effets biphasiques de l'alcool et jeunes conducteurs : BIALCOL

Évaluation, chez les jeunes conducteurs de 22 à 30 ans des effets stimulant versus sédatif du niveau d'alcool correspondant au taux fixé par la législation pour un premier niveau de sanction (0,5 g/l). Ce rapport comporte trois grandes parties : La première présente l'avancée du travail effectué sur fichier BAAC. La seconde présente l'avancée du travail effectué sur les EDA. La dernière fait état du protocole expérimental et des autorisations obtenues pour effectuer une expérimentation sur simulateur de conduite, avec des participants ayant ingéré (ou non) de l'alcool

Projet BIALCOL. Effets biphasiques de l'alcool sur la conduite automobile

Séminaire Covasr, Salon de Provence, FRANCE, 30-/06/2020 - 30/06/2020Présentation des premiers résultats du projet Bialcol financé par la DS

Acceptability of rider assistive systems for powered two-wheelers

There has been limited development of advanced rider assistance systems and on-bike information systems for powered two-wheelers (PTWs), even though research suggests that population-wide deployment of assistive systems could significantly reduce PTW crashes. This study aims to understand general and system-specific factors that are likely to influence acceptability of PTW assistive systems, including barriers that may prevent uptake and proper use of systems, through a large-scale survey of European riders. The survey was available in seven languages and attracted 6297 respondents. Respondents were frequent riders, who rode primarily for leisure purposes and had high awareness of assistive systems. Cluster analysis revealed two groups based on overall acceptability of assistive systems. The moderate and low acceptance clusters differed in terms of riding practices, risk perception, attitudes towards rule breaking, and some personality traits. Overall acceptability was low, but riders who perceive greater risk in riding display higher acceptability. Acceptability was highest for systems that do not interfere with the riding task, are well-known and/or considered reliable (e.g., night vision, ABS, eCall, advanced front-lighting system). In general, riders believe that existing safety equipment (e.g., helmets, protective clothing) is more reliable, provides greater resistance, and is considerably cheaper than more sophisticated assistive technology. Riders believe that innovations should focus on protective equipment, since they believe crash prevention is better addressed through rider training. Finally, riders felt there should be more emphasis on vehicle tyre condition, while tyre pressure control systems were identified as potentially helpful. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Acceptability of rider assistive systems for powered two-wheelers

There has been limited development of advanced rider assistance systems and on-bike information systems for powered two-wheelers (PTWs), even though research suggests that population-wide deployment of assistive systems could significantly reduce PTW cra

European road users' risk perception and mobility : the SARTRE 4 survey

The SARTRE (Social Attitudes to Road Traffic Risk in Europe) project started in 1991. It consists of a European wide survey about knowledge of road traffic laws and road traffic risks, attitudes regarding road safety issues, reported road traffic behaviours, transport habits and needs in several European countries. Various topics related to road safety are in the focus of the project such as alcohol, drugs, or phone use while driving, speeding, use of advanced driver assistance systems and the transport infrastructure and environment