338 research outputs found

    La conduite de récit

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    National audienceÉtant donnĂ© un espace conçu et construit, comment est-il vĂ©cu ? Et si on retourne la question, Comment l'habitant crĂ©e-t-il du sens par ses pratiques, plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment en marchant

    SynthĂšse sur le programme pluriannuel d'Ă©tudes et recherche sur le bruit de voisinage

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    National audienceObjectifs et principe du sĂ©minaire : rĂ©alisĂ© Ă  Paris entre 1964 et 1966 pour le ComitĂ© thĂ©matique "Bruit et Vibrations" et sous le patronage du Programme interdisciplinaire de recherche sur l'environnement (PIREN) du CNRS, le sĂ©minaire bi-annuel "Environnement sonore et sociĂ©tĂ©" avait pour put premier d'explorer la possibilitĂ© d'un programme de recherche sur les dimensions sociologiques et culturelle de la perception de l'environnement sonore. Le principe retenu Ă©tait que la contribution du savoir sociologique Ă  la recherche sur le bruit serait d'un intĂ©rĂȘt limitĂ© si la seule sollicitation Ă©tait d'explorer les connotations collectives et culturelles de la gĂȘne sonore, notion qui, par ailleurs reste difficile Ă  dĂ©finir. Il paraissait beaucoup plus fondamental et plus rigoureux de travailler sur le contexte social et culturel de l'Ă©mergence actuelle du "problĂšme du bruit". SituĂ©e parmi d'autres pratiques et reprĂ©sentions sonores que le sociologue peut repĂ©rer, dĂ©crire et analyser, la question du bruit n'est qu'un aspect remarquable des relations que notre sociĂ©tĂ© urbaine entretient avec son environnement sonore

    Mise en piÚce du citadin. Préface pour Thibaud Jean-Paul

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    Avant propos

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    National audienceLes ambiances urbaines ne se réduisent pas seulement à des atmosphÚres indicibles émanant d'une mystérieuse conjonction entre un paysage sensible et l'imprévu de nos humeurs singuliÚres, aucun lecteur n'en doutera. Le contexte parle aussi. Chaque ville énonce ce qu'elle est, profÚre par mille signes une physionomie et un esprit édifiés, génération aprÚs génération, par la collectivité des citadins qui l'habitent. La pierre et le béton sont ainsi pétris d'intentions sociales et culturelles que nous savons parfaitement reconnaßtre et qui, muettes consignes, nous font parfois clairement pressentir ce qu'il convient de faire en tel lieu, fut-il jusque-là étranger à notre pratique. Rues et places composent bien plus qu'une enfilade de formes émettrices d'une séquence de stimuli reçus par chaque passant singulier (...

    L'objet sonore ou l'environnement suspendu

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    For an aesthetics of ambiance

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    Why an aesthetics of ambiances? The answer to this question if far from being solely theoretical. It is associated with my personal career in research and academic teaching since the 1980s.On the one hand, observing everyday ethos, through walks, landscape sensitivity, sound practices, the reception of architecture and street arts have revealed the ambiance as an essential way to question the substance of what is unseen, the nature of the background to the lived environment.On the other hand, throughout my classes and aesthetics seminars in urban planning and architecture, “art’s place” in professions dominated by function forced me to rethink aesthetics as freed from its artistic imperative and digging into its more universal sensitive and atmospheric foundations.This paper reviews an aesthetics of ambiances that is currently being built, working on four levels. At the aesthetic level: what is the imperceptible? What role do non-visible forms play? At the epistemic level: how do we integrate the relevant knowledge that is still too exclusive? At the rhetorical level: how do the components of an ambiance organise themselves, and how can we name the configurations? At the level of aesthetic competence: who makes an ambiance? How are creation and reception divided?Pourquoi une esthĂ©tique des ambiances ? La rĂ©ponse est loin d’ĂȘtre simplement thĂ©orĂ©tique. Elle est chevillĂ©e Ă  mon parcours personnel de recherche et d’enseignement universitaire depuis les annĂ©es 80. D’un cĂŽtĂ©, l’observation de l’ethos quotidien, Ă  travers la marche, la sensibilitĂ© paysagĂšre, les pratiques sonores, la rĂ©ception de l’architecture et des arts de la rue ont fait apparaitre l’ambiance comme une façon essentielle d’interroger la substance de l’inaperçu, la nature de l’arriĂšre fond du monde vĂ©cu.De l’autre, au grĂ© de mes cours et sĂ©minaires d’esthĂ©tique en urbanisme et architecture, la question de « la part de l’art » dans les mĂ©tiers asservis Ă  la fonctionnalitĂ© poussait Ă  repenser une esthĂ©tique libĂ©rĂ©e de son impĂ©ratif artistique et plongeant dans des fondements sensibles et atmosphĂ©riques plus universels ? Cet article fait le point sur une esthĂ©tique des ambiances en cours d’édification et qui travaille Ă  quatre niveaux. Au niveau esthĂ©sique : qu’est-ce que l’imperceptible ? Et quel est le rĂŽle des formes non visibles ? Au niveau Ă©pistĂ©mique : comment intĂ©grer les diverses connaissances pertinentes mais travaillant trop dans l’exclusive ? Au niveau rhĂ©torique : comment s’organisent les composantes d’une ambiance, et comment en nommer les configurations ? Au niveau de la compĂ©tence esthĂ©tique : qui fait une ambiance ? Comment se rĂ©partissent crĂ©ation et rĂ©ception 

    Evaluation of age, sex, and ancestry-related variation in cortical bone and dentine volumes in modern humans, and a preliminary assessment of cortical bone-dentine covariation in later Homo.

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    Cortical bone and dentine share similarities in their embryological origin, development, and genetic background. Few analyses have combined the study of cortical bone and dentine to quantify their covariation relative to endogenous and exogenous factors. However, knowing how these tissues relate in individuals is of great importance to decipher the factors acting on their evolution, and ultimately to understand the mechanisms responsible for the different patterns of tissue proportions shown in hominins. The aims of this study are to examine age-, sex-, and ancestry-related variation in cortical bone and dentine volumes, and to preliminary assess the possible covariation between these tissues in modern humans and in five composite Neandertals. The modern analytical sample includes 12 immature individuals from France and 49 adults from France and South Africa. Three-dimensional tissue proportions were assessed from microtomographic records of radii and permanent maxillary canines. Results suggest ontogenic differences and a strong sexual dimorphism in cortical bone and dentine developments. The developmental pattern of dentine also seems to vary according to individual's ancestry. We measure a stronger covariation signal between cortical bone and dentine volumes than with any other dental tissue. A more complex covariation pattern is shown when splitting the modern sample by age, sex, and ancestry, as no signal is found in some subsamples while others show a covariation between cortical bone and either crown or radicular dentine. Finally, no difference in cortical bone volume is noticed between the modern young adults and the five young adult composite Neandertals from Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 5 and 3. Greater dentine Cortical bone and dentine (co)variation volumes are measured in the MIS 5 chimeric Neandertals whereas a strong interpopulation variation in dentine thickness is noticed in the MIS 3 chimeric Neandertals. Further research on the cortical bonedentine covariation will increase understanding of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the development of the mineralized tissues

    Human factors in the design of sustainable built environments

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    Scientific research provides convincing evidence that climate change is having significant impacts on many aspects of life. In the built-environment domain, regulatory requirements are pushing the challenges of environmental, economic, and social sustainability at the core of the professional agenda, although the aims of carbon reduction and energy conservation are frequently given a priority over occupants' comfort, well-being, and satisfaction. While most practitioners declare to embrace sustainability as a driver of their professional approach, a general lack of integrated creative and technical skills hinders the design of buildings centred on articulate and comprehensive sustainability goals, encompassing, other than energy criteria, also human-centred and ethical values founded on competent and informed consideration of the requirements of the site, the programme, and the occupants. Built environments are designed by humans to host a range of human activities. In response, this article aims to endorse a sustainable approach to design founded on the knowledge arising from scholarly and evidence-based research, exploring principles and criteria for the creation and operation of human habitats that can respond to energy and legislative demands, mitigate their environmental impacts, and adapt to new climate scenarios, while elevating the quality of experience and delight to those occupying them
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