Réalité augmentée et interfaces tangibles, quels liens avec la formation par simulation ?

Recherche et formation : Ce dossier est consacré à la simulation en formation, et il est important, au-delà des usages presque « banalisés », de dégager de nouvelles perspectives. Vos recherches montrent que des concepts issus de l’informatique comme la « réalité augmentée », système qui rend possible la superposition d’un modèle artificiel à une image réelle, et les « interfaces tangibles », qui permettent à un utilisateur d’interagir avec les ordinateurs grâce à des objets, ouvrent de nouve..

Thrombocytoses associées aux anémies microcytaires par carence martiale

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Réalité augmentée et interfaces tangibles, quels liens avec la formation par simulation ?

International audienc

Study of mechanisms involved in photoresist microlens formation

The mechanisms involved in photoresist microlens formation are investigated in order to understand the lack of sphericity of certain experimental microlenses. A characterization of the resist rheological properties has enabled to demonstrate that there is a competition between surface tensions and resist crosslinking reaction during the final process bake. Depending on the process conditions, the crosslinking reaction kinetics dominate and prevent the correct formation of the microlens

Do we activate specifically somatosensory thin fibres with the concentric planar electrode? A scalp and intracranial EEG study

International audienceLaser-evoked potentials (LEPs) are acknowledged as the most reliable laboratory tool for assessing thermal and pain pathways. Electrical stimulation with a newly developed planar concentric electrode, delivering stimuli limited to the superficial skin layers, has been suggested to provide selective activation of Aδ fibres without the inconveniences linked to laser stimulation. The aim of our study was to compare the scalp and intracranial responses to planar concentric electrode stimulation (CE-SEPs) with those of LEPs and standard somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs). Sixteen healthy subjects, 6 patients with intracortical electrodes, and 2 patients with selective lesions of the spinothalamic pathway were submitted to Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminium-Perovskite laser stimulations, and electrical stimulations using standard electrodes or planar concentric electrodes (CE). In both healthy controls and epileptic implanted patients, CE- and standard SEPs showed significantly shorter latencies than LEPs. This is consistent with Aβ-fibre activation, peripheral activation time being unable to account for longer LEP latencies. In the patients with spinothalamic lesions, LEPs were absent after stimulation of the affected territory, while CE-SEPs were still present. For these 2 reasons, we conclude that the planar CE does not selectively activate the Aδ and C fibers, but coexcites a significant proportion of large myelinated Aβ fibres that dominate the ensuing cortical response. The use of CE-SEPs for the detection of spinothalamic system lesions is therefore not warranted; the planar electrode can, however, represent a useful tool to study nociceptive reflexes, which can be reliably elicited even in the presence of Aβ coactivation

Simulation et formation

En quelques années, la formation par la simulation s’est banalisée sans toujours avoir suffisamment subi l’analyse critique de la recherche en sciences de l’éducation. En effet, en arrière-plan de ce développement récent de la simulation en formation, se trouvent souvent la fascination pour les simulateurs techniques ou des considérations économiques. Il est vrai aussi que la multiplication et l’accroissement des performances des interfaces numériques, la prolifération des écrans, l’accroissement des capacités de traitement des données complexes et massives par informatique et le développement de toutes les formes de robotisation comptent sans doute pour beaucoup dans cet engouement. Les articles de ce dossier examinent et analysent non seulement le recours à la simulation dans différents contextes professionnels de formation, mais ils interrogent également la pertinence des dispositifs mis en œuvre, les pratiques observées et les situations engendrées. Que ce soit en santé, dans la formation technique et industrielle ou dans la formation au pilotage, la simulation apparaît comme un moyen de jouer avec la réalité pour en retenir les situations qui présentent les analogies les plus opportunes à la formation ce qui permet également d’en mesurer les limites. Over the last few years, simulation-based training has become commonplace, although it has not yet been sufficiently analysed within the field of educational research. Indeed, the recent development of simulation training has been often driven by fascination with technical simulators or by economic considerations. The development of digital interfaces and their ever-increasing performance, the proliferation of screens, the ability of computers to process increasingly complex mass data, and the development of industrial and personal robots have also contributed to this enthusiasm. The articles in this issue examine and analyse not only the use of simulation in different professional training contexts, but they also question the relevance of the mechanisms implemented, the practices observed and the situations generated. Whether in healthcare, in technical and industrial training or in flight training, simulation offers a means of playing with reality so as to select those simulated situations which are most appropriate for training

Paget's Disease of Bone in the French Population: Novel SQSTM1 Mutations, Functional Analysis, and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations

International audienceMutation screening of the SQSTM1 gene in 94 French patients with PDB revealed two novel point-mutations (A381V and L413F) and two new compound heterozygous genotypes (P392L/A381V and P392L/A390X). Functional analysis showed an increased level of SQSTM1/p62 protein in PDB patients and truncated forms of the protein encoded by the A390X allele. Clinical data indicate that PDB patients with SQSTM1 mutation are younger at PDB diagnosis and have more extensive bone lesions.Introduction: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common chronic disease of the skeleton, with a strong genetic component. A recurrent mutation (P392L) was first identified on chromosome 5, in the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene. Several other mutations of the SQSTM1 gene have been described in PDB patients, affecting the ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) of the SQSTM1/p62 protein. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of the SQSTM1 mutations in French PBD patients, to study the expression of the SQSTM1/p62 protein, and to search for genotype-phenotype correlations.Materials and methods: Blood was obtained from 94 unrelated French PDB patients and 100 controls for mutation screening of exons 7 and 8, encoding for the UBA domain of SQSTM1. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized B-cell lymphocytes were established from 13 patients, giving access to functional analysis of the gene and the SQSTM1/p62 expressions using real-time PCR and Western blot.Results: Mutations of the SQSTM1 gene were identified in 12 of the 94 PDB patients (13%). Eight patients carried P392L. Two novel missense mutations were identified: L413F and A381V. This A381V mutation and A390X were found in distinct patients already carriers of P392L. The SQSTM1/p62 protein expression in PDB patients increased when zero, one, or two mutations were present, and SQSTM1 truncated forms were associated with the A390X mutation. The mean age of PDB diagnosis was younger in patients with the SQSTM1 mutation. PDB was more extensive in patients who carried a SQSTM1 mutation.Conclusions: Mutations of SQSTM1 are present in the French population. PDB patients with and without the SQSTM1 mutation have an increased level of SQSTM1/p62, caused by overproduction of the protein, probably involved in the pathophysiology of PDB. The presence of the SQSTM1 mutation may be a worsening factor for PDB

Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Bimetal-Based Thermal Energy Harvesters

International audienceThis paper reports on innovative thermal energy harvesters (TEH) turning heat fluxes into electricity in a two-step conversion, involving (i) a curved bimetallic strip converting thermal gradients into mechanical oscillations, which are then (ii) converted into electricity by a piezoelectric or an electret-based electrostatic transducer. This work mainly focuses on (i) the optimizations of the piezoelectric devices, (ii) a first demonstration of a Wireless Sensor Node powered by our electrostatic transducers, validating the viability of bimetal-based thermal energy harvesters, and (iii) the possibility of future scaled scavengers by a micrometric silicon approach to improve efficiencies and power densities

Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Bimetal-Based Thermal Energy Harvesters

International audienceThis paper reports on innovative thermal energy harvesters (TEH) turning heat fluxes into electricity in a two-step conversion, involving (i) a curved bimetallic strip converting thermal gradients into mechanical oscillations, which are then (ii) converted into electricity by a piezoelectric or an electret-based electrostatic transducer. This work mainly focuses on (i) the optimizations of the piezoelectric devices, (ii) a first demonstration of a Wireless Sensor Node powered by our electrostatic transducers, validating the viability of bimetal-based thermal energy harvesters, and (iii) the possibility of future scaled scavengers by a micrometric silicon approach to improve efficiencies and power densities