2,269 research outputs found
Light hadron, Charmonium(-like) and Bottomonium(-like) states
Hadron physics represents the study of strongly interacting matter in all its
manifestations and the understanding of its properties and interactions. The
interest on this field has been revitalized by the discovery of new light
hadrons, charmonium- and bottomonium-like states. I review the most recent
experimental results from different experiments.Comment: Presented at Lepton-Photon 2011, Mumbai, India; 21 pages, 18 figures;
add more references; some correctio
A model of decay
We suggest a parameterization of the matrix element for decay using kinematic variables convenient for experimental
analysis. The contributions of intermediate - and -states up
to spin 3 have been taken into account. The angular distributions for each
discussed hypothesis have been obtained and analysed using Monte-Carlo
simulation.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; V2: text in some places improved and
acknowledgments adde
Testing new physics with the electron g-2
We argue that the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron (a_e) can be used
to probe new physics. We show that the present bound on new-physics
contributions to a_e is 8*10^-13, but the sensitivity can be improved by about
an order of magnitude with new measurements of a_e and more refined
determinations of alpha in atomic-physics experiments. Tests on new-physics
effects in a_e can play a crucial role in the interpretation of the observed
discrepancy in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a_mu). In a large
class of models, new contributions to magnetic moments scale with the square of
lepton masses and thus the anomaly in a_mu suggests a new-physics effect in a_e
of (0.7 +- 0.2)*10^-13. We also present examples of new-physics theories in
which this scaling is violated and larger effects in a_e are expected. In such
models the value of a_e is correlated with specific predictions for processes
with violation of lepton number or lepton universality, and with the electric
dipole moment of the electron.Comment: 34 pages, 7 figures. Minor changes and references adde
Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Myocastor coypus in a protected Italian wetland
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Toxoplasma gondii </it>is the causative agent for a major zoonosis with cosmopolitan distribution. Water has been implicated in outbreaks of toxoplasmosis in recent years. Coypus (<it>Myocastor coypus</it>), commonly nutria, are large semi-aquatic invasive rodents, naturalized throughout European countries, including most wetlands of Central Italy. The habitat of these animals is both terrestrial and aquatic, making them a species highly exposed to the parasite.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>The occurrence of the infection was evaluated using a modified agglutination test (MAT) in 74 adult coypus from a naturalized population living in a wetland of Central Italy. Nested PCR (n-PCR) assay was carried out on some of them. Positive <it>T. gondii </it>MAT results were found in 44 animals (59·4%), 30 males (68·2%) and 14 females (31·8%). Antibody titers were ranging from 20 to 40960, while 12 out of 23 (52·2%), examined animals, 8 males (66·7%) and 4 females (33·3%), resulted positive to n-PCR. All n-PCR positive animals were seropositive, showing antibody titers ranging from 640 to 40960.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results indicate that examined animals are heavily parasitized with <it>Toxoplasma</it>. This suggests that coypus could be a reservoir of this parasite, because they can be eaten both by scavenger animals and by humans, and that these animals would play a role in maintaining the cycle of <it>T. gondii</it>.</p
关于《现代汉语词典》词汇计量研究的思考
A Dictionary of Modern Chinese is standardized dictionary of words in Chinese Putonghua. The establishment of a database of DMC for a quantitative study of its entries as a closed, exhaustive and specific body will change significantly the situation of lacking quantitative analysis in traditional lexical study, so that to help the systemization and accuracy of the study of Chinese lexicology and lexicography. This paper expounds the point of departure, ways and methodology and perspective in theory a..
Measuring V_ub and probing SUSY with double ratios of purely leptonic decays of B and D mesons
The experimental prospects for precise measurements of the leptonic decays
B_u -> tau nu / mu nu, B_s -> mu+ mu-, D -> mu nu and D_s -> mu nu / tau nu are
very promising. Double ratios involving four of these decays can be defined in
which the dependence on the values of the decay constants is essentially
eliminated, thus enabling complementary measurements of the CKM matrix element
V_ub with a small theoretical error. We quantify the experimental error in a
possible future measurement of |V_ub| using this approach, and show that it is
competitive with the anticipated precision from the conventional approaches.
Moreover, it is shown that such double ratios can be more effective than the
individual leptonic decays as a probe of the parameter space of supersymmetric
models. We emphasize that the double ratios have the advantage of using |V_ub|
as an input parameter (for which there is experimental information), while the
individual decays have an uncertainty from the decay constants (e.g. f_B_s),
and hence a reliance on theoretical techniques such as lattice QCD.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
in the Two Higgs Doublet Model up to Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order in QCD
We compute three-loop matching corrections to the Wilson coefficients
and in the Two Higgs Doublet Model by applying expansions for small,
intermediate and large charged Higgs boson masses. The results are used to
evaluate the branching ratio of to next-to-next-to
leading order accuracy, and to determine an updated lower limit on the charged
Higgs boson mass. We find \mhplus \ge 380 GeV at 95% confidence level when
the recently completed BABAR data analysis is taken into account. Our results
for the charged Higgs contribution to the branching ratio exhibit considerably
weaker sensitivity to the matching scale , as compared to previous
calculations.Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures; v2: minor modifications, matches published
version in JHE
Palaeomagnetic field intensity variations suggest Mesoproterozoic inner-core nucleation
The Earth’s inner core grows by the freezing of liquid iron at its surface. The point in history at which this process initiated marks a step-change in the thermal evolution of the planet. Recent computational and experimental studies1,2,3,4,5 have presented radically differing estimates of the thermal conductivity of the Earth’s core, resulting in estimates of the timing of inner-core nucleation ranging from less than half a billion to nearly two billion years ago. Recent inner-core nucleation (high thermal conductivity) requires high outer-core temperatures in the early Earth that complicate models of thermal evolution. The nucleation of the core leads to a different convective regime6 and potentially different magnetic field structures that produce an observable signal in the palaeomagnetic record and allow the date of inner-core nucleation to be estimated directly. Previous studies searching for this signature have been hampered by the paucity of palaeomagnetic intensity measurements, by the lack of an effective means of assessing their reliability, and by shorter-timescale geomagnetic variations. Here we examine results from an expanded Precambrian database of palaeomagnetic intensity measurements7 selected using a new set of reliability criteria8. Our analysis provides intensity-based support for the dominant dipolarity of the time-averaged Precambrian field, a crucial requirement for palaeomagnetic reconstructions of continents. We also present firm evidence for the existence of very long-term variations in geomagnetic strength. The most prominent and robust transition in the record is an increase in both average field strength and variability that is observed to occur between a billion and 1.5 billion years ago. This observation is most readily explained by the nucleation of the inner core occurring during this interval9; the timing would tend to favour a modest value of core thermal conductivity and supports a simple thermal evolution model for the Earth
Rare B Decays with a HyperCP Particle of Spin One
In light of recent experimental information from the CLEO, BaBar, KTeV, and
Belle collaborations, we investigate some consequences of the possibility that
a light spin-one particle is responsible for the three Sigma^+ -> p mu^+ mu^-
events observed by the HyperCP experiment. In particular, allowing the new
particle to have both vector and axial-vector couplings to ordinary fermions,
we systematically study its contributions to various processes involving
b-flavored mesons, including B-Bbar mixing as well as leptonic, inclusive, and
exclusive B decays. Using the latest experimental data, we extract bounds on
its couplings and subsequently estimate upper limits for the branching ratios
of a number of B decays with the new particle. This can serve to guide
experimental searches for the particle in order to help confirm or refute its
existence.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures; discussion on spin-0 case modified, few errors
corrected, main conclusions unchange
Limits on scalar leptoquark interactions and consequences for GUTs
A colored weak singlet scalar state with hypercharge 4/3 is one of the
possible candidates for the explanation of the unexpectedly large
forward-backward asymmetry in t tbar production as measured by the CDF and D0
experiments. We investigate the role of this state in a plethora of flavor
changing neutral current processes and precision observables of down-quarks and
charged leptons. Our analysis includes tree- and loop-level mediated
observables in the K and B systems, the charged lepton sector, as well as the Z
to b bbar decay width. We perform a global fit of the relevant scalar
couplings. This approach can explain the (g-2)_mu anomaly while tensions among
the CP violating observables in the quark sector, most notably the nonstandard
CP phase (and width difference) in the Bs system cannot be fully relaxed. The
results are interpreted in a class of grand unified models which allow for a
light colored scalar with a mass below 1TeV. We find that the renormalizable
SU(5) scenario is not compatible with our global fit, while in the SO(10) case
the viability requires the presence of both the 126- and 120-dimensional
representations.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures; version as publishe
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