The Quality Level of Eleventh Grade Mathematics Book Used in Gaza Secondary Schools

The Study aims at revealing the level of quality of math book for the eleventh grade (literary stream) in Gaza Governorates from the viewpoint of teachers, by identifying the quality standards that should be met in mathematics book for the eleventh grade, the availability of such standards from the viewpoint of mathematics teachers, and if the estimates for these standards vary with different variable (gender -academic qualification- years of experience). The study used the descriptive approach. A questionnaire was prepared including six fields (framework and formation of the book - objectives - content - author's writing style – evaluation and improving). After ensuring the validity and reliability of questionnaire, it was administered to a sample of (89) teachers who teach mathematics subject for eleventh grade. The data was analyzed using (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) SPSS program, the study reached a set of results include: Preparing a list of standards consists of six fields, The whole fields of study did not reach the required level of quality, and there are no statistically significant differences at (µ?0.05) in the estimates of mathematics teachers of the eleventh grade for the quality of math books attributed to the variables(Gender - academic qualification - years of experience). The researcher suggested some recommendations. Key words: Mathematics textbook, Level of quality, Standards of quality

Anode electrocatalysts for direct borohydride fuel cells.

Colloidal Os and Os-alloys, Pt and Pt-alloys, Au and Au alloys, Ir and Ir-alloys, and Pd and Pd alloys (1:1 atomic ratio for all alloys) supported on Vulcan XC-72 (20 wt% metal) were prepared according to the Bonneman method and investigated for their electrocatalytic activity with respect to methanol and borohydride oxidation for Os and with respect to borohydride oxidation only for Pt, Au, Ir, and Pd for fuel cell applications. Voltammetry on static and rotating electrodes, chronoamperometry and chronocoulometry were performed on the colloidal catalysts immobilized on glassy carbon with the help of a NafionRTM 117 solution acting as the ionic conductor and binder of the catalyst layer. Insights were gained with regard to the BH4- electro-oxidation mechanism, and apparent kinetic parameters were determined such as Tafel slopes, exchange current densities, heterogeneous rate constants, and the total number of electrons involved. The electrolytes were: 0.5 M H2SO4 for methanol oxidation and 2M NaOH for borohydride oxidation, respectively. The fundamental studies were followed by direct borohydride fuel cell experiments using a 2 M NaOH - 2 M NaBH4 solution on the anode side, 5 mg cm -2 colloidal anode catalyst load and NafionRTM 117 membrane. The cathode was a conventional O2 gas diffusion electrode with 4 mg cm-2 Pt. Voltammetry results showed that the Os-based materials were catalytically inactive with respect to methanol oxidation in acid media. It was found that all three pure colloidal Os (10, 20 and 30 %wt) materials showed catalytic activity in cyclic voltammetry experiments toward the oxidation of borohydride. Chronopotentiometry experiments with a current step of 25 mA cm-2 showed that the 20 %wt Os gave the lowest anodic overpotential, about 0.3 V, of the Os-based materials. On Pt and its alloys, cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show that colloidal Pt and colloidal Pt-alloys were electrochemically active toward borohydride oxidation with oxidation potentials ranging between -0.85 and +0.3 V vs. a mercury/mercury oxide reference electrode (MOE). Of the investigated colloidal catalysts, the Pt-Ir alloy gave the highest voltammetric BH4 - oxidation current densities at potentials more negative than about -0.2 V vs. MOE, which is ultimately the domain of interest for borohydride fuel cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis2006 .A89. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 4038. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 2006

The Impact of Using Flipped Classrooms in Developing Mathematical Power among Female Students of the Department of Basic Stage Teaching at al-Aqsa University

This study aimed at examining the impact of using flipped classrooms in developing mathematical power among female students of the department of basic education stage at al-Aqsa university in Gaza. The researcher used the experimental method. He prepared the tool of the study (mathematical power test) and applied it to the selected sample of the study. The sample of the study consisted of 62 female students of the department of basic education stage  at al-Aqsa university. The selected students were registered for the course of mathematics and its teaching methods 2. The sample of the study was divided into two groups: the experimental group that consisted of 32 female students was taught the course by flipped classrooms, and the  control group that consisted of 30 female students was taught by an conventional method. The results of the study showed that flipped classrooms have positive effects on the development of mathematical power of female students of the department of basic stage teaching at al-Aqsa university. 

Egyptian-Ethiopian water relations: A benefit sharing perspective

The aim of this research is to examine the Egyptian-Ethiopian water relations especially over the question of the Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD). The research theoretically and empirically investigates the possibilities of conflict and cooperation in the future of the Egyptian-Ethiopian water relations. The research then highlights the main incentives and deterrents to water cooperation between Egypt and Ethiopia. Given the magnitude of untapped benefits that could be achieved from cooperation, the research explores the viability of the benefit-sharing model as a tool for reinforcing sustainable cooperation in the Blue Nile Sub-basin. As benefit-sharing is not a novel concept to the Nile Basin countries, the research highlights the key milestones achieved in this direction and the main challenges encountered. The GERD has been promoted as a benefit-sharing project that carries benefits to Ethiopia and other Nile Basin states and thus this study looks at potential costs and benefits of this project and draws conclusions accordingly. The research finally puts forward the idea of cooperation beyond the Nile File as a much-needed step to transcend long-standing water sharing issues that have hampered previous cooperation attempts for long years. The research argues that the current issue of the GERD needs to be allocated within a broader framework in order to create a wider room for negotiation and trade-offs. The methodology of this study depends on qualitative tools of analysis and uses secondary sources for data collection. This study is significant because the GERD project is creating controversy in the Blue Nile Sub-basin due to the uncertainties and anxieties around its implications on the downstream Nile states, especially Egypt. Since the GERD project is a fait accompli, there needs to be a visualization of future water relations between Egypt and Ethiopia. In order to find a way out of this stalemate, the two countries need to think of win-win solutions that cause no harm to any party involved by looking into different cooperation opportunities

The moderating effect of personality in the relationship between job demand and job control on workplace bullying: A study among nurses in Jordan

This study examined the factors influencing workplace bullying among nurses in the public hospitals in Jordan. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of job demand and job control on workplace bullying among nurses in Jordan. The role of personality as the moderating factor in this relationship was also examined. The study utilized a survey method and questionnaires were distributed to a sample of 750 nurses at one of the biggest public hospitals in Jordan. The data was analysed using regression analysis techniques, and hierarchal regression analysis. The study found that the level of workplace bullying among nurses as being high. The study also found a positive and significant relationship between job demand and workplace bullying. The study also found that there appeared a significantly negative relationship between job control and workplace bullying. Personality too appeared as partial moderator in the relationship between job demand and job control on workplace bullying. Personality traits of conscientiousness and openness to experience were found to moderate the relationship between job control and workplace bullying. Other than that, emotional stability was found playing a role in moderating the relationship between work pressure and workplace bullying. The finding of this study strengthens earlier research findings regarding the importance of personality in influencing workplace bullying. It can thus be concluded, that understanding job demand and job control factors in the workplace and managing them effectively can help reduce incidents of bullying among nurses in Jordanian hospitals. Furthermore, the different personality traits of nurses and the interaction of these traits with job demand and job control factors, show the workplace bullying differences among nurses in the Jordanian hospital

The Biomechanical Effects of Glenoid and Humeral Lateralization on the Rotator Cuff Muscles in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

The utilization of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) has continued to increase as its clinical indications expand. The optimization of the rotator cuff function in the setting of RTSA is poorly understood and poor outcomes are associated with lack of external and internal rotation function. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of implant parameters on rotator cuff tendon excursion and moment arms in the setting of RTSA. Using a cadaveric based model, a custom designed modular RTSA system was implanted that allowed for incremental changes to glenoid and humeral lateralization. Using a shoulder simulator and optical tracking, rotator cuff tendon excursion and moment arms were calculated at various arm positions and implant configurations. Increased glenoid and humeral lateralization yielded overall increased tendon excursion. Despite lack of statistical significance, there was a trend towards increased rotator cuff moment arms as glenoid and humeral lateralization increased

Promyelocytic leukemia protein isoform II inhibits infection by human adenovirus type 5 through effects on HSP70 and the interferon response

Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) proteins have been implicated in antiviral responses but PML and associated proteins are also suggested to support virus replication. One isoform, PML-II, is required for efficient transcription of interferon and interferon-responsive genes. . We therefore investigated the PML-II contribution to human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) infection, using shRNA-mediated knock-down. HelaΔII cells showed a 2 - 3 fold elevation in Ad5 yield, reflecting an increase in late gene expression. This increase was found to be due in part to the reduced innate immune response consequent upon PML-II depletion. However the effect was minor because the viral E4 Orf3 protein targets and inactivates this PML-II function. The major benefit to Ad5 in HelaΔII cells was exerted via an increase in HSP70; depletion of HSP70 completely reversed this replicative advantage. Increased Ad5 late gene expression was not due either to the previously described inhibition of inflammatory responses by HSP70 or to effects of HSP70 on major late promoter or L4 promoter activity but might be linked to an observed increase in E1B 55K, as this protein is known to be required for efficient late gene expression. The induction of HSP70 by PML-II removal was specific for the HSPA1B gene among the HSP70 gene family and thus was not the consequence of a general stress response. Taken together, these data show that PML-II, through its various actions, has an overall negative effect on the Ad5 life-cycle

Do-It-Yourself Terrorism. How Do Terrorist Organizations Inspire, Support and Teach Their European Supporters via Internet?

The following paper is a review article. It is an attempt to analyze the most widely available publications of Salafi terrorist organizations addressed to European supporters. This article concentrates primarily on publications describing tactics related to committing acts of terror on civilian population. Organizations like AQ and ISIS suggest launching attacks using the most available resources (attack using a knife or a sharp tool, arson, ramming with a vehicle), constructing various kinds of IED (pipe bomb, pressure cooker bomb), encourage to attack in public and poorly protected places or advise on how to organize a shooting and hostage-taking situation. Moreover, they state bluntly that theft, vandalism or causing major traffic accidents are also actions which can help in the war with infidels. The substantive value of the instructions is questionable – the authors of many of them (e.g. the attack using a knife) have vague idea about equipment and combat. The content of these publications suggests that they are prepared for people relatively young, with no general experience in life and combat training. Terrorist organizations skillfully select passages from Quran and hadiths to find a pseudo religious justification for barbarism and cruelty. Finally, they treat all victims indiscriminately – all infidels deserve to die and killing them is a glorious achievement