The regulation of necrosis in mycobacterial lesions

Tuberculosis is characterised by necrotic immunopathology in the lesions and tuberculin skin-test sites (Koch phenomenon), and persistence of the organisms. Previous work from this laboratory suggested that immunotherapy with killed M. vaccae can reduce this tissue damage, and that TNF plays a role in its pathogenesis. The purpose of this thesis was to study the mechanism of action of M. vaccae in man and in a rodent model. Sera from patients in Kuwait who received M.vaccae or saline were screened by immunoblotting and laser scanning to seek changes in the pattern of mycobacterial antigens recognised, and by an immunoassay for changes in levels of agalactosyl IgG (a correlate of T cell-dependent immunopathology). A fall in agalactosyl IgG and a selective increase in antibody to a 30kDa antigen was noted. This antigen was identified as the fibronectin-binding secreted protein, and was purified to homogeneity from culture filtrate by column chromatography. The increased antibody binding was confirmed by ELISA. A murine model of TNF-induced tissue damage in sites of T cell-mediated inflammation was then devised, to mimic aspects of the Koch phenomenon using the 30 KDa and the 65 KDa heat shock protein (hsp). This model allows simultaneous assessment of both swelling and haemorrhage caused by injection of TNF into delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) sites. It was found that some DTH responses evoked by mycobacterial antigens are as sensitive to subsequently injected TNF as are sites prepared by injection of LFS (local Shwartzman reaction) though for mycobacterial antigens CD8+ T cells are required. This phenomenon also involved CR3+ cells, phagocytic cells, complement, and perhaps IL-6, and could be diminished by PAF inhibitors and a prostaglandin analogue. However, by testing different immunisation schedules using M. vaccae, it was discovered that it is also possible to evoke DTH responses in which subsequent injection of TNF has no effect at all. The heat shock proteins may play a role in this effect. The implications of the existence of two qualitatively different types of DTH response and the consequences of neutralizing TNF, using an anti-murine TNF antibody, in a murine tuberculosis model are discussed in relation to the immunopathology of tuberculosis and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis where mycobacterial antigens, cytokines and T cell dependent inflammation are important

Characteristics of red light running violations in urban areas in Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the characteristics of red light violations in Tabuk city of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The paper also analyzes the effect of intersection characteristics, such as geometric design, control system and location, on number of violations. Data on traffic characteristics and violations, intersection geometric design (road width, number of lanes, speed) were collected at 38 intersections in Tabuk using video cameras. Statistical analysis reveals that number of approaches, speed, road width, speed on cross road, and width of cross road significantly affects red light violation. Regression analysis implies that road width, red time and speed are the most important factors affecting red light violation

Peaceful modes of defining international boundary disputes with particular reference to the practice of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its neighbouring states regarding the settlement of their land boundary disputes

[From the introduction]The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse and assess the practice of Saudi Arabia and its neighbouring states with regard to the settlement of their land boundary disputes in the light of the principles of international law. To this end, it will first try to discuss the evolution of the Saudi boundaries along with the acquisition of the Saudi territory and to determine the basic factors responsible for the land boundary disputes between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its neighbouring states. Secondly, it will evaluate the peaceful methods which have been applied by Saudi Arabia and its neighbours in settling their boundary disputes. This study, however, does not extend to examine the settlement of Saudi Arabia's maritime boundaries with its neighbouring states. The reason for this is that the thesis focuses on international land boundaries, and to include maritime boundaries would broaden the subject and make it difficult to provide a proper discussion within the constraints of a PhD thesis. This is especially so as there are 10 states which share maritime boundaries with Saudi Arabia

Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete structures applied to blast load using different plastic hinge models

The current work developed a modified pushover method using the Dynamic Load Factor DLF concept to give reasonable results compared to the more complex and time-consuming method (i.e., the non-linear time history method). A charge of 100 kg TNT is assumed to explode at different stand-off distances to cover the three blast design ranges of the (UFC 340-02) Code. The values of (DLF) were checked by applying them to the value of the blast load at the stand-off distances range between (10-70m). The results of the modified pushover method approached that of nonlinear time history with differences not exceeding (11.8%) and (4%) for maximum displacement and shear force, respectively. The DLF was suggested to be constant and equal (2.5) for the (high-pressure) design range and (1) for the (very-low pressure) design range. A formula was proposed for the (low-pressure) design range to simulate the descending values from (2.5) to (1). The prior plastic hinge models proposed by other researchers (Hawraa 2019 and Samer 2020) were used to explore the more realistic structural response to blast loads compared to the standard model of ASCE41-17. Both models of the plastic hinge demonstrated a Collapse Prevention (CP) performance at the (high-pressure) design range. However, the ASCE model indicated that more columns failed in this range. Considering the ASCE 41-17 and proposed approaches, the building performance at the (low-pressure) design range corresponds to the CP and Immediate Occupancy (IO) categories. Some plastic hinges were found when using the proposed plastic hinge model, but the number was nearly identical to that obtained using the ASCE method. The structure did not go beyond the elastic behavior if the proposed plastic hinge model is used in the (very low-pressure) design range. In the same design range, the structure performance lies within the (IO) category concerning the ASCE model. Generally, the suggested plastic hinge approach has been deemed sturdy due to being developed using the blast load and considered more dependable than those of ASCE41-17, which is acceptable for seismic events

PENGARUH FILM KEKERASAN DI TELEVISI TERHADAP TINGKAH LAKU SISWA/I DI MTS BUSTANUL ULUM DAYUN KABUPATEN SIAK

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengaruh film kekerasan dragon ball ditelevisi terhadap tingkah laku siswa/i di MTs Bustanul Ulum. Penelitian ini di lakukan di MTs Bustanul Ulum Dayun Kab Siak. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh film kekerasan dragon ball di televisi terhadap tingkah laku siswa/i di MTs Bustanul Ulum Dayun Kab. Siak. peneliti mengambil sampel dari seluruh siswa/I MTs Bustanul Ulum dengan rumus pengambilan sampel dari yamame tahun (1997) yang Menghasilkan sampel sebanyak 53 responden. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode diskriptif kuantitaf presentase dengan rumus : = × 100% dimana data - data yang telah didapat diwujudkan dalam bentuk angka - angka yang kaitannya dengan data - data yang ada kemudian diproses dan diolah dalam bentuk tabel persentase. Teori yang penulis gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Uses and Gratifications dimana teori ini memberikan alternatif untuk memandang pada hubungan antara isi media dan audiens serta pengkategorian isi media terhadap fungsinya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh film kekerasan di televisi terhadap tingkah laku anak di MTs Bustanul Ulum Dayun adalah 62,66% dapat dikatakan cukup pengaru

Measurement and Study of Radioactive Radon Gas Concentrations in the Selected Samples of River Hilla / Iraq

In this study measuring concentrations of radon in water for Hilla province of Babylon (100 Km) south of capital Baghdad. Was chosen as the water River Hilla study by 88 sample from 22 regions by using the electronic radon detector RAD7, and the average concentration of radon in the Hilla River (0.103 ± 0.057) Bq.L-1 , where the highest value (0.181 ± 0.07) Bq.L-1 and the lowest value (0.036 ± 0.05) Bq.L-1 and effective dose for the current study of the importance Has been chosen this subject of .1-human exposure to radon was (0.45) mSv.yof water in human life and living, and the lack of previous studies in the study area.Keywords: radon concentrations, River Hilla , Annual effective dose, RAD7

"The Role of Administrations of Sudanese Universities in Reinforcement of National Identity of students (A Field Study from Students‘ Point of View Within Universities of Gazira State, Faculties of Education)

هدفت الدِّراسة التعرُّف إلى دور إدارات كليات التربية بالجامعات السُّودانية في تعزيز الهوية الوطنية لدى الطلاب في ضوء المتغيرات السياسية الرّاهنة بالسُّودان، وتوصلت الدِّراسة إلى:  أنّ دور الجامعات السُّودانية في تعزيز الهوية الوطنية لدى الطلاب تحقق بوسط حسابي عام بلغ (2.23) وانحراف معياري (.321) وبدرجة تقديرية متوسطة، وأنّ دور أعضاء هيئة التدريس في تعزيز الهوية الوطنية تحقق بوسط حسابي عام بلغ (2.05) وانحراف معياري (.403)، وبدرجة تقديرية متوسطة، غير أنّ واقع الأنشطة الطلابية في تعزيز الهوية الوطنية تحققت بوسط حسابي عام بلغ (2.41) وانحراف معياري(.370) وبدرجة تقديرية كبيرة.The study aimed to identify the role of the administrations of the faculties of education in Sudanese universities in enhancing the national identity of students in the light of the current political changes in Sudan. ) with a medium estimated degree, and that the role of faculty members in promoting national identity was achieved with a general arithmetic mean of (2.05) and a standard deviation of (.403), and with a medium estimated degree, but the reality of student activities in promoting national identity was achieved with a general arithmetic mean of (2.41) A standard deviation (.370) is highly estimated.

Predictive Power of the Styles of Parental Treatment as Perceived by the Children in School Phobia for Pupils

Abstract The current research aims to verify the following two hypotheses is no correlation statistically significant positive between parental treatment styles as perceived by children and school phobia second hypothesis foreshadows some parental treatment methods without other school phobia children. To investigate, has been building a measure of the methods of parental treatment (Mother image and the image of the Father) and scale phobia school for pupils, after verifying the characteristics of psychometric, applied research on a sample of 200 pupils from grade pupils first primary and the second from the General Directorate for Educational Rusafa second Baghdad chosen style random, The research found the following results: no correlation statistically significant between father treatment methods as perceived by children and of (extra protection, authoritarian, neglect) and phobia of school, and there is no statistically significant correlation between the treatment of Father (democratic style) as understood by children the school phobia, correlation statistically significant differences between the treatment of the mother methods exist as perceived by children and of (extra protection, authoritarian, negligence) The school phobia and there is no statistically significant correlation between the treatment of the mother (democratic style) as understood by children and school phobia. The researcher recommends parents and educators to follow the normal methods of parental treatment and care of their children and avoid methods style that develop the child's spirit of reliability and lack of independence and phobia school, it suggests a researcher studying the relationship between parental treatment methods and phobia of school, according to some of the variables (sex, sequence congenital, the work of the mother, and the interaction between them)

Effect Of Triz Program On Creative Thinking Skills And Decision-Making Skills Among Gifted Students In Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to identify the effect of the TRIZ program on creative thinking and decision-making skills among the gifted students in Saudi Arabia. This study intend to answer research questions that include the level, the relationship between these two skills, the effect of TRIZ program and viewpoints of gifted students regarding the effect of the TRIZ program on these skills. This study used the mixed methods research. The study sample consisted of 1st grade secondary gifted students. They were distributed into two groups: an experimental group and a control group