31 research outputs found

    Gene expression variation and expression quantitative trait mapping of human chromosome 21 genes

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    Inter-individual differences in gene expression are likely to account for an important fraction of phenotypic differences, including susceptibility to common disorders. Recent studies have shown extensive variation in gene expression levels in humans and other organisms, and that a fraction of this variation is under genetic control. We investigated the patterns of gene expression variation in a 25 Mb region of human chromosome 21, which has been associated with many Down syndrome (DS) phenotypes. Taqman real-time PCR was used to measure expression variation of 41 genes in lymphoblastoid cells of 40 unrelated individuals. For 25 genes found to be differentially expressed, additional analysis was performed in 10 CEPH families to determine heritabilities and map loci harboring regulatory variation. Seventy-six percent of the differentially expressed genes had significant heritabilities, and genomewide linkage analysis led to the identification of significant eQTLs for nine genes. Most eQTLs were in trans, with the best result (P=7.46×10−8) obtained for TMEM1 on chromosome 12q24.33. A cis-eQTL identified for CCT8 was validated by performing an association study in 60 individuals from the HapMap project. SNP rs965951 located within CCT8 was found to be significantly associated with its expression levels (P=2.5×10−5) confirming cis-regulatory variation. The results of our study provide a representative view of expression variation of chromosome 21 genes, identify loci involved in their regulation and suggest that genes, for which expression differences are significantly larger than 1.5-fold in control samples, are unlikely to be involved in DS-phenotypes present in all affected individual

    When to update COVID-19 vaccine composition

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    Vaccines against different SARS-CoV-2 variants have been approved, but continued surveillance is needed to determine when the antigen composition of vaccines should be updated, together with clinical studies to assess vaccine efficacy

    Cellular biology, genetics and genomics : A powerful liaison to reveal genotype phenotype correlations

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    This study integrates multiple recent concepts and technologies to address a major aim in medical genetics: identifying susceptibility loci for complex diseases, including Trisomy 21. In particular, we establish a category of quantitative cellular phenotypes that are closely linked to clinical manifestations and perform genome-wide linkage and association studies to detect regulatory loci Chapter I describes the set-up of an experimental protocol to measure a cellular phenotype in large population sizes. We choose to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as a fundamental cellular signaling phenotype related to the innate immune system that may be involved in clinical manifestations of Down syndrome patients. Chapter II and III investigate the gentics and the biological significance of phenotypic natural variation, both in cellular phenotypes and in gene expression levels. Both studies aim at identifying loci that regulate the correlations between genetic and natural phenotypic variation in human cell lines of several cohorts

    “Om du jobbar som polis ska du jobba som polis för alla och inte bara för vissa” : En kvalitativ studie om förortsbors erfarenheter av polisens bemötande och arbete

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    I Sverige, frĂ€mst i Stockholm, finns det sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den som Ă€r brottsbelastade. Polisen satsar pĂ„ att arbeta i dessa omrĂ„den med olika brottsförebyggande arbeten och myndigheterna talar om olika Ă„tgĂ€rder. Åsikterna om polisarbetet och förtroendet för polisen varierar frĂ„n bostadsomrĂ„de till bostadsomrĂ„de. Tidigare nationella och internationella studier visar att det upplevda polisbemötande och polisarbete pĂ„verkas av skiljelinjer som kön, klass, etnicitet och hudfĂ€rg och pĂ„verkar deras förtroende för polisen. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka förortsbor erfarenheter av polisbemötande och polisarbete i deras bostadsomrĂ„de och intar ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats hölls 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer med icke-etniska svenska personer som Ă€r bosatta i sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den. Empirin analyserades med en tematisk analys och resulterade i att boenden i sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den har bĂ„de bra och dĂ„liga erfarenheter av polisbemötande och polisarbete. Det intersektionella perspektivet har framförallt bidragit till en flerdimensionell tolkning av de intervjuades upplevelser av polisens dĂ„liga bemötande och arbete i deras bostadsomrĂ„de, dĂ€r faktorer som boendes kön, klass, etnicitet, Ă„lder och plats har varit avgörande för det dĂ„liga upplevda bemötandet. Resultatet har Ă€ven analyserats utifrĂ„n stĂ€mplingsteorin för att lyfta polisens maktposition i samhĂ€llet.2023-06-01</p

    “Om du jobbar som polis ska du jobba som polis för alla och inte bara för vissa” : En kvalitativ studie om förortsbors erfarenheter av polisens bemötande och arbete

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    I Sverige, frĂ€mst i Stockholm, finns det sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den som Ă€r brottsbelastade. Polisen satsar pĂ„ att arbeta i dessa omrĂ„den med olika brottsförebyggande arbeten och myndigheterna talar om olika Ă„tgĂ€rder. Åsikterna om polisarbetet och förtroendet för polisen varierar frĂ„n bostadsomrĂ„de till bostadsomrĂ„de. Tidigare nationella och internationella studier visar att det upplevda polisbemötande och polisarbete pĂ„verkas av skiljelinjer som kön, klass, etnicitet och hudfĂ€rg och pĂ„verkar deras förtroende för polisen. Syftet med denna studie Ă€r att undersöka förortsbor erfarenheter av polisbemötande och polisarbete i deras bostadsomrĂ„de och intar ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats hölls 9 semistrukturerade intervjuer med icke-etniska svenska personer som Ă€r bosatta i sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den. Empirin analyserades med en tematisk analys och resulterade i att boenden i sĂ„ kallade utsatta omrĂ„den har bĂ„de bra och dĂ„liga erfarenheter av polisbemötande och polisarbete. Det intersektionella perspektivet har framförallt bidragit till en flerdimensionell tolkning av de intervjuades upplevelser av polisens dĂ„liga bemötande och arbete i deras bostadsomrĂ„de, dĂ€r faktorer som boendes kön, klass, etnicitet, Ă„lder och plats har varit avgörande för det dĂ„liga upplevda bemötandet. Resultatet har Ă€ven analyserats utifrĂ„n stĂ€mplingsteorin för att lyfta polisens maktposition i samhĂ€llet.2023-06-01</p

    Postombudspersonals kunskaper, upplevelser ocherfarenheter kring illegala försÀndelser : - En del av LÀnsstyrelsen VÀsternorrlands framtida brottsförebyggandeoch trygghetsskapande arbete

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    This study was written within the project Tillsammans mot illegala försĂ€ndelser. According to the current postal law, the postal staff aren’t allowed to contact law enforcement authorities if they suspect illegal shipments. The study aimed to investigate how postal staff experience, as well as what knowledge they have of the handling of illegal shipments with a focus on narcotics. The study also wanted to get a picture of how postal staff perceive roles as crime prevention actors with a postal law that makes it difficult. Through a qualitative case study with an inductive approach, eight semi-structured interviews were held with postal staff. The empirical material was analyzed based on a thematic analysis. The findings of the studys howed that postal staff are aware that narcotics and other illegal items circulate in the mailflow but wish to increase their knowledge in order to work on crime prevention. Furthermore, the study showed that everyone feels safe in their workplace but wishes for an increased cooperation with the police. Postal staff see the pros and cons of both current legislation and a possible regulated legislation. The results were analyzed with the theory of collective efficacy and the stage of involvement by Paul Ekblom.Denna studie skrevs inom projektet tillsammans mot illegala försĂ€ndelser. Enligt den rĂ„dande postlagen fĂ„r postombudpersonal inte kontakta brottsbekĂ€mpande myndigheter vid misstanke om illegala försĂ€ndelser. Studien Ă€mnade undersöka hur postombudpersonal upplever, samt vilka kunskaper de har av hantering av illegala försĂ€ndelser med fokus pĂ„ narkotika. Studien ville Ă€ven fĂ„ en bild av hur postombudspersonalen upplever rollen som brottsförebyggande aktörer med en postlag som försvĂ„rar detta. Genom en kvalitativ fallstudie med induktiv ansats hölls Ă„tta semistrukturerade intervjuer med postombudpersonal. Empirin analyserades utifrĂ„n en tematisk analys. Studien visade att postombudpersonal har kĂ€nnedom om att narkotika och andra illegala föremĂ„l cirkulerar i postflödet men önskar ökad kunskap för att arbeta brottsförebyggande. Vidare visade studien att samtliga kĂ€nner sig trygga pĂ„ arbetsplatsen men önskar ökad samverkansarbete med polis. Postombudpersonal ser för- och nackdelar med bĂ„de aktuell lagstiftning samt en eventuell reglerad lagstiftning. Resultatet analyserades med teorin om kollektiv förmĂ„ga samt steget om engagemang av Paul Ekblom.2023-01-30</p

    Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Health-care-associated infection is the most frequent result of unsafe patient care worldwide, but few data are available from the developing world. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries

    Three common polymorphisms in the CYBA gene form a haplotype associated with decreased ROS generation

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    NOX enzymes are reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating NADPH oxidases. Several members of the NOX family depend on the p22(phox) subunit, encoded by the CYBA gene. CYBA is highly polymorphic, and has been widely studied as a potential risk factor for various diseases, with conflicting results. In the present study, we used Epstein-Barr (EBV)-transformed B-lymphocytes from 50 healthy unrelated individuals to analyze their CYBA mRNA sequence and NOX2-dependent ROS generation. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified (five previously described, two novel). The combination of these SNPs yielded 11 distinct haplotypes, which could be grouped into seven haplogroups (A-G). Haplogroup C (c.214T>C, c.521T>C, and c.(*)24G>A) showed a significantly lower ROS generation, as compared to the most frequent haplogroup, A. CYBA variants from the seven haplogroups were transduced into p22(phox)-deficient B-lymphocytes. The haplogroup C variant showed significantly lower ROS production. c.214T>C and c.521T>C lead to nonsynonymous codon changes, while c.(*)24G>A lies within the 3'UTR. Using a luciferase/3'UTR construct, we showed that the (*)24A allele led to decreased reporter gene activity. These results help to unravel the complex nature of how genetic variations in CYBA influence NOX2 activity, and indicate that haplotypes, rather than individual SNPs, define the effect on ROS generation
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