3. Magnetoresistance in Anderson Localized Regime(Theories,I. Three Dimensional Systems)

この論文は国立情報学研究所の電子図書館事業により電子化されました。Magnetoresistance in the Anderson-localized regime is calculated by the percolation method, with a particular purpose of investigating the effects of electron-electron interaction on it. It is predicted that the interplay of the intrastate interaction and the energy dependence of localization lengths gives rise to the competition of positive and negative contributions in the field dependence of the magnetoresistance. Further, combined with the interstate interactions, the temperature change in the magnetoresistance of 1T-TaS_2 and its alloy systems is explained satisfactorily. Finally the correlation of the interaction effects on the variable range hopping in the absence and presence of a magnetic field is clarified

Sex differences in flexibility-arterial stiffness relationship and its application for diagnosis of arterial stiffening: a cross-sectional observational study.

Arterial stiffness might be related to trunk flexibility in middle-aged and older participants, but it is also affected by age, sex, and blood pressure. This cross-sectional observational study investigated whether trunk flexibility is related to arterial stiffness after considering the major confounding factors of age, sex, and blood pressure. We further investigated whether a simple diagnostic test of flexibility could be helpful to screen for increased arterial stiffening.According to age and sex, we assigned 1150 adults (male, n = 536; female, n = 614; age, 18-89 y) to groups with either high- or poor-flexibility based on the sit-and-reach test. Arterial stiffness was assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index.In all categories of men and in older women, arterial stiffness was higher in poor-flexibility than in high-flexibility (P<0.05). This difference remained significant after normalizing arterial stiffness for confounding factors such as blood pressure, but it was not found among young and middle-aged women. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis also supported the notion of the sex differences in flexibility-arterial stiffness relationship. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that cut-off values for sit-and-reach among men and women were 33.2 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.711; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.666-0.756; sensitivity, 61.7%; specificity, 69.7%) and 39.2 (AUC, 0.639; 95% CI, 0.592-0.686; sensitivity, 61.1%; specificity, 62.0%) cm, respectively.Our results indicate that flexibility-arterial stiffness relationship is not affected by BP, which is a major confounding factor. In addition, sex differences are observed in this relationship; poor trunk flexibility increases arterial stiffness in young, middle-aged, and older men, whereas the relationship in women is found only in the elderly. Also, the sit-and-reach test can offer a simple method of predicting arterial stiffness at home or elsewhere

Characteristics of the participants according to age, sex, and flexibility.

<p>Data are means ± SE. BMI, body mass index; HR, Heart rate; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic pressure; MBP, mean blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; A-hypertensive, Anti-hypertensive medication; A-hyperlipidemic, Anti-hyperlipidemic medication; Handgrip, Handgrip strength; PA, amount of physical activity.</p><p>*P<0.05 vs. young;</p>†<p>P<0.05 vs. middle-aged;</p>‡<p>P<0.05 vs. high-flexibility within the same age and sex category.</p><p>ANOVA showed a significant difference in height between groups of middle-aged men and young women with high- and poor-flexibility, but ANCOVA did not.</p><p>Characteristics of the participants according to age, sex, and flexibility.</p