Prevalence and Antibiotics Sensitivity of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 In Table Eggs from Poultry Farms in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

The occurrence of antibiotics resistant food borne pathogens continues to be a growing concern to the food industry. However, as eggs continue to be a source of cheap protein, there are few information on the prevalence of these antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 in table eggs. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity profile of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in table eggs from poultry farms in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. Eggshells and contents of 360 table eggs were sampled purposively from 12 farms (2 farms per local government) in Ibadan. Enumeration for Escherichia coli O157:H7, total aerobic bacteria and coliform counts was performed using standard procedures. The antibiotics sensitivity test was carried out using the Kirby Baeur disc diffusion method. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α 0.05. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was 7(9.8%) which was entirely from egg shell. The Total aerobic bacteria count (Mean Log CFU) was 1.43 ±1.65 and 4.95 ± 0.24 for egg contents and shell, respectively, and the Total coliform count was 1.36±1.46 and 4.84 ± 0.33 for egg contents and shell, respectively. All isolates were resistant to Ampilillin, Ceftadizine, Cefuroxime and Amoxicillin. In all 100% was multidrug resistant. The isolates were mostly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (87.5%). and Ofloxacin (87.5%). Improvement in the hygienic conditions of poultry farms and control of the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in poultry is therefore strongly recommended

To start and quit smoking cigarettes: an evaluation of students in a Nigerian city

Introduction. Several factors have been shown to influence ciga- rette smoking and are important in creating measures for tobacco control. The aim of this study is to identify the factors responsible for making decisions to start or stop cigarette smoking among students. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study which sampled 280 youths in tertiary institutions using multi-stage sampling tech- nique. The data was collected using self- administered question- naire that had been pretested and validated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Frequency tables and cross-tabu- lations were generated with a 95% confidence interval and pre- determined p-value at less than 0.05. Results. All the current smokers (100%) were males, most (73.2%) were within 21 to 25 years of age and 87.8% of them had a relative or friend who smoked. Some (29%) of the students who currently smoked were willing to quit smoking while 73.2% of them had ever attempted to quit smoking. Students who smoked to relieve stress were willing to stop smoking (100.0%), while 40% of those who smoked for pleasure/relaxation were willing to stop smoking. Students who had received lectures on smoking were significantly willing to quit (100.0%) compared with those who had not received such lectures (0.0%) (p=0.000). Discussion. Understanding the role of the factors associated with smoking initiating and cessation is very crucial in plan- ning appropriate intervention for the control of cigarette smok- ing among the youths and there is need for more youth oriented health education directed towards a proper attitude to tobacco control

The Impact of Technological Innovation and Institutional Quality on the Environment in Nigeria

The study investigated the impact of technological innovation institutional quality on the environment in Nigeria The study spanned from 1990 to 2022 The key variables in the study were technological innovation as proxy by technological index institutional quality as proxy by six governance indicators and carbon emission as proxy for environment While the control variables include energy consumption and Gross domestic product The study first conducted a pre-estimation test using Descriptive statistics and Correlation matrix and Augmented Dickey Fuller test for stationarity while Ordinary least was used as major estimation techniques since it does not violates classical linear regression assumption The findings from the preliminary estimation shows that all data series are stationarity at levels The result form the best linear unbiased estimates indicate that environmentally related technological innovation destructively affects C02 emissions while energy consumption and economic growth positively impact C02 emission

Isolation of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. From the Wild in Lagos through Tissue Culture Techniques and Cultivation on Sawdust of Six Nigerian Hardwoods

Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst, a medicinal mushroom known for antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities is not practiced in Nigeria. Tree species used for cultivation in Asia, America and Europe are not available in Nigeria. The present study investigated indigenous hardwoods and their supplementation with rice and wheat bran as substrates for its cultivation. Six hardwoods (Mansonia altissima (A Chev.) A Chev., Avecennia germinans (L.) L, Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn., Triplochiton scleoxylon K. Schum, Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg, Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill) were investigated as potential growth substrates and potentially improve biological efficiency. The mushroom was collected from the wild and identification confirmed by amplifying the ribosomal DNA-ITS fragment with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Tissue culture of the mushroom collected from the wild was initiated successfully with modified malt extract agar and grain spawn developed from it. The substrates were incubated after inoculation with grain spawn at room temperature for 30-60 days. Substrates were given cold treatment for 7days to induce fructification which was achieved with 9-10h/day regime and daily watering. There was full mycelial ramification of all substrates by the mushroom. Fruit bodies were harvested from all substrates but Lophira alata. The highest yield (308.76±5.81g/kg) was recorded with Mansonia altissima (Biological Efficiency-31.42±4.55%) and the least yield (31.45±5.44g/kg) was recorded in Nauclea diderrichii (B.E- 5.25±0.58%). The substrates with wheat bran performed significantly better than rice bran supplemented substrates. Commercial cultivation of native G. lucidum in Nigeria is possible with local agricultural wastes

Isolation of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. From the Wild in Lagos through Tissue Culture Techniques and Cultivation on Sawdust of Six Nigerian Hardwoods

Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst, a medicinal mushroom known for antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities is not practiced in Nigeria. Tree species used for cultivation in Asia, America and Europe are not available in Nigeria. The present study investigated indigenous hardwoods and their supplementation with rice and wheat bran as substrates for its cultivation. Six hardwoods (Mansonia altissima (A Chev.) A Chev., Avecennia germinans (L.) L, Lophira alata Banks ex Gaertn., Triplochiton scleoxylon K. Schum, Uapaca guineensis Mull. Arg, Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild. & Th. Dur.) Merrill) were investigated as potential growth substrates and potentially improve biological efficiency. The mushroom was collected from the wild and identification confirmed by amplifying the ribosomal DNA-ITS fragment with ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Tissue culture of the mushroom collected from the wild was initiated successfully with modified malt extract agar and grain spawn developed from it. The substrates were incubated after inoculation with grain spawn at room temperature for 30-60 days. Substrates were given cold treatment for 7days to induce fructification which was achieved with 9-10h/day regime and daily watering. There was full mycelial ramification of all substrates by the mushroom. Fruit bodies were harvested from all substrates but Lophira alata. The highest yield (308.76±5.81g/kg) was recorded with Mansonia altissima (Biological Efficiency-31.42±4.55%) and the least yield (31.45±5.44g/kg) was recorded in Nauclea diderrichii (B.E- 5.25±0.58%). The substrates with wheat bran performed significantly better than rice bran supplemented substrates. Commercial cultivation of native G. lucidum in Nigeria is possible with local agricultural wastes

The impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) adoption on financial reporting practice in the Nigerian banking sector

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) in different countries of the world has become a contemporary issue especially with respect to the reliability of financial statements. The study examined the impact of valuation of Loan Loss Provisions (LLPs) on earnings management and capital management during the pre and post-adoption of IFRS for listed deposit money banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Using an Ex-post facto research design approach, this study utilised secondary data extracted from annual reports and accounts of fifteen (15) DMBs for the period of ten (10) years from 2006 – 2016. The results from the use of multiple regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between LLPs and earnings management for both pre and post-IFRS adoption. Furthermore, the study also found a positive insignificant relationship between LLPs and capital management for both pre and post IFRS adoption.peer-reviewe

INDIAN SPINACH LEAF POWDER AS ADSORBENT FOR MALACHITE GREEN DYE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Indian spinach leaf powder (ISLP) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solution. Adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. Operational parameters such as initial dye concentration and temperature were studied in batch systems. Experimental data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and it was found that Freundlich isotherms model fitted the adsorption data most. Adsorption rate constants were determined using pseudo first-order and pseudo-second-order model equations. The result clearly showed that the adsorption of MG dye on ISLP followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Thermodynamic functions ΔGo, ΔHo, ΔSo were obtained. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and non-spontaneous. The study shows that ISLP is a good precursor for MG dye removal.Keywords: Indian spinach leaf powder, Malachite Green, Adsorbent, Spontaneous, endothermic

Role of in-utero Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) supplemented diet on some hematological parameters and glucose storage in offspring of Wistar rats.

Azadirachta indica (AI) Neem leaf is native of India which grows in most of tropical and subtropical countries. It tree has adaptability to a wide range of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. This study explored the impact of AI supplementation during gestation on some haematological parameters and glucose storage in both offspring of Wistar rats. Eighteen pregnant female and 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats with a weight range of 140-180 grams were employed for this study and they were exposed to either a standard diet or AI supplementation (AIS). The pregnant rats were exposed to AIS up to birth (gestational AI supplementation) which comprised of both treated males (TM) and treated females (TF). Control rats with control diet was administered in analogous comparatively and this comprised of control male (CM) and control females (CF). During postnatal day 49, the rats were sacrificed and blood sample was obtained for assay of white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), red blood cell counts (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). Liver and gastrocnemius tissues were obtained for skeletal and hepatic glycogen assayed and intestinal and pancreatic α amylase and α glucosidase were determined from intestine and pancreatic tissues. WBC, PLT, RBC, Hb, PCV, alpha amylase, hepatic and skeletal glycogen increased significantly (p<0.05) in TM and TF with a remarkable decrease and increase in alpha glucosidase (p<0.05) in TM and TF respectively compared with CM and CF. It can be inferred from the present study that perinatal AI supplementation provides a substantial justification to its use in folk medicine as a hematopoietic plant and the increased glucose storage observed may not be unconnected with its role as an hypoglycaemic agent though the effect were more marked in female offspring compared with the male counterparts

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

To bolster the Nigerian economy's industrialization efforts, successive governments have devised and enacted various industrial policies for sustainable economic development. Therefore, using structural functionalist approach and secondary sources of data, the paper examined the social effects of industrial policies in Nigeria, with a focus on their socio-economic implications. The paper revealed that recent industrial policies in Nigeria includes fuel subsidy removal, national blockchain initiatives, exchange rate unification, Structural Adjustment Programme, economic recovery plans, and COVID-19 stimulus packages among others. The paper also revealed that industrial policies however yield both positive and negative effects on citizens' livelihoods, as well-executed industrial policies have the potential to generate employment opportunities, increase productivity, and foster overall economic development. The paper identified obstacles to policy implementation in Nigeria to include corruption, political inertia, political instability, privatization challenges, technological limitations, and inadequate infrastructure among others. The paper therefore recommended among others that combating corruption is very important for effective policy formulation and implementation in Nigeria. It also advocates for policies that promote trade and economic integration on the international stage, emphasizing the necessity of collaboration with developed nations to maximize the societal benefits of industrial policy formulation. &nbsp