Pengaruh Realisasi Anggaran Belanja Pegawai, Belanja Barang dan Jasa, Belanja Modal terhadap Selisih Perubahan Anggaran (Studi pada Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah Kota Palu)

This aim of this research is to determine and analyze: 1) officials\u27 expenditure realization, goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditure on budget variances on the governmental units in palu city, 2) significant impact of officials\u27 expenditure, goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditure simultaneous on budget variances on the governmental units in palu city, 3) significant partial impact of officials\u27 expenditure on budget variances on the governmental units in palu city, 4) significant partial impact of goods and services expenditure on budget variances on the governmental units in palu city, 5) significant partial impact of capital expenditure on budget variances on the governmental units in palu city.The sampel of 25 governmental units in Palu City area is chosen through purposive sampling method. Method analysis used is quantitative and multiple linier regressions analysis. The result show that officials\u27 expenditure realization, goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditure simultaneously have significant impact on budget variances on the governmental units in Palu City. Partial tests show that officials\u27 expenditure realization and capital expenditure has in insignificant impact on budget variances on the governmental units in Palu City. The value of coefficient determinant of 0.605 indicates that 60.5% of budget variances is impacted by officials\u27 expenditure realization, goods and services expenditure, and capital expenditure; while 39.5% is impacted by other variables that are not studied

Interaction Studies Between Truncated Hpv16/18 E7 Oncoprotein With Ctcf/yb-1 Transcription Factors Complex

Human papillomavirus (HPV) adalah agen etiologi kanser serviks dimana HPV16 dan HPV18 tergolong dalam kumpulan HPV berisiko tinggi. Kajian terdahulu mendedahkan interaksi antara onkoprotin HPV16/18 E7 dengan kompleks faktor transkripsi CTCF/Yb-1. Interaksi ini menyebabkan ekspresi c-myc meningkat dengan ketara yang membawa kepada percambahan sel. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetiology agent of cervical cancer where HPV16 and HPV18 are the high-risk group of HPV. Previous study had revealed the interaction between HPV16/18 E7 oncoprotein with CTCF/Yb-1 transcription factors complex. This interaction resulted in marked enhancement of c-myc expression that leads cell proliferation

Non-communicable diseases among Orang Asli of Kampung Ulu Tual

Introduction: Non communicable disease is increasing in trend and becoming one of significant major global problem that involves all strata of population including the aborigines. In fact, the prevalence might be higher in this population due to lack of access for regular screening and different sociodemographic background including tendency to migrate in different areas. Methodology: This study aims to identify the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among adult population of Orang Asli in the remote area of Pahang. A cross sectional study was conducted on 20th April 2019 during community service in Kampung Ulu Tual, whereby communicable diseases had been screened. SPSS version 23 is used for statistical analysis. Associations between variables were measured. Results: Prevalence of overweight/obesity is 36.6%, hypertension is 3.3% and abnormal blood sugar is 53.3%. There is no statistical significant association between prevalence of the non-communicable diseases across age and gender. Discussion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among Orang Asli in this region is almost similar in our national prevalence with more than half of them are prone to develop diabetes. This study proved a linear relationship between overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity and diabetes. Conclusion: These results highlight the need for urgent interventions to reduce and prevent risk factors of non-communicable diseases even in rural area of Pahan

Antimicrobial and antioxidant property of Curcuma longa Linn.

Background: Curcuma longa Linn. (Zingiberaceae family) plant or turmeric is known to possess pharmacological properties at relatively nontoxic doses. The study was carried out with the aim to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of C. longa L.Methods: Ethanolic rhizome extract was applied against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi using disc and well diffusion methods. Antioxidant of C. longa L. was determined by measuring 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity.Results: The ethanolic extract of rhizomes showed inhibitory activity against Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria, whereas the Gram-negative S. typhi bacteria were resistant toward the ethanol extract. Zone of inhibitions against S. aureus were 7 mm and 11 mm by disc and well method, respectively. For antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract of C. longa L. was set against butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). It was shown that the value of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of rhizome extract was higher than standard control. The dose response curve was utilized to determine the half maximal IC50 value for each sample. The IC50 of rhizome extract is 21.25 µg/ml, while the value IC50 for BHT is 12.42 µg/ml.Conclusions: The finding suggested turmeric rhizome-extract as a good candidate in the search for a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent

Antioxidative Responses of Chlorella vulgaris Under Different Growth Phases

Chlorella vulqaris is a unicellular microorganism that offers health benefits due to its concentrated antioxidant production. This microalga has received huge attention due to its natural antioxidative property as an alternative antioxidant source because of its rapid growth, easy and flexible culture. Research to date only focuses on the growth and antioxidant production in a selected growth phase, especially exponential and stationary phases; however, so far, limited reports on the production of antioxidants in all growth phases of C. vulgaris. Thus, this study determines the growth, the enzymatic (Catalase, CAT; Ascorbate Peroxidase, APX; and guaiacol peroxidase, gPOD) specific activities and the amount of the non-enzymatic antioxidants (a-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and carotenoids) of C. vulgaris in five growth phases. Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in F/2 medium at 25±2 °C under laboratory conditions. CAT specific activities were the highest at the exponential phase (1.50±0.08 units/mg protein), whereas APX and gPOD were induced at the lag phases of 37.13±4.93 units/mg protein and 1.31±0.03 units/mg protein, respectively. The amount of a-tocopherol was accumulated at the stationary phase (97.3±4.18 µg/g.fwt), whereas the highest amount of ascorbic acid (266.67±22.22 µg/g.fwt) and carotenoids (8.16±2.52 µg/g.fwt) were at the decline phase. Production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the microalgae cells indicated that they efficiently scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) and converted them into less harmful substances. In addition, the production of these antioxidants in different growth phases can be used as a guideline to produce massive antioxidants, which can be commercialized in the food and pharmaceutical industries

Risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among palm oil mill workers

The palm oil industry is the fourth largest contributor to the Malaysian Gross National Income (GNI) but the importance of this industry to the nation’s economy does not preclude them from the risk of being affected by the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among the workers in palm oil mills. Previous studies carried out have not properly explained the exact reasons for the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among the palm oil mill workers. Thus, this study aim to determine the association between risk factors and MSD among palm oil mill workers. A total of 120 male workers were consecutively enrolled in this crosssectional study. Information on sociodemographic, working, lifestyle, health and injury factors were collected via questionnaire and face-to-face interviews. A high lifetime prevalence of MSD (71.7 percent) among palm oil mill workers was found. However, the one-year prevalence of MSD among the same population was only 50.8 percent. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and smoking revealed that the risk factors: history of previous injury [2.35, 95 percent CI 1.12-4.93], Osteoarthritis [3.9, 95 percent CI 1.568-9.708] and perception of exertion [8.09, 95 percent CI 1.358-48.170] was found to be significantly associated with MSD symptoms reported in the past 12 months. As a conclusion, exposure to the combination of these risk factors may lead to an increased risk of developing MSD among palm oil mill workers

Effects of leptin gene variants on obesity and its attributes in Malay population

Leptin is a hormone that regulates the energy intake and expenditure which is encoded by leptin gene. Leptin gene variants were studied comprehensively in relation with body weight status, but the evidences were indecisive. This study was to determine the association between leptin gene variants, G2548A, H1328080 and A19G with obesity and its attributes in Terengganu, Malaysian population. This study involved a total of 249 Malay subjects (101 healthy adults with normal BMI as the control group and 148 overweight and obese subjects). The anthropometrics data were obtained, blood samples were collected for genetic markers and lipid profile analyses. PCR-RFLP technique was performed to determine the genotype and allele distribution of leptin gene variants. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of leptin gene variants presented no significant difference between groups, G2548A (P = 0.93 and 0.74); H1328080 (P = 0.58 and 0.56); and A19G (P = 0.72 and 0.38) correspondingly. However, there was statistical significant difference between triglyceride level and genotypes of G2548A variant (P = 0.016); between total cholesterol level and H1328080 genotypes (P = 0.027). In addition, multivariate logistic regression projected the male gender (adjusted OR= 26.27; CI= 1.06-1.25; P = 0.009), waist circumference (adjusted OR = 1.15; CI = 1.06-1.25; P = 0.001) and body fat percentage (adjusted OR = 1.43; CI = 1.20-1.70; P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for obesity. The data suggest G2548A, H1328080 and A19G variants were not associated with obesity. However, waist circumference and body fat percentage may increase risk for obesity in Malay population

Cell proliferation assay and sulphated glycosaminoglycan production in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering

Articular cartilage tissue is known to have poor capability of self-repair. Therefore, tissue engineering has significantly emerged as an alternative solution for articular cartilage restoration. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and fibrin have been widely used as biocompatible scaffolds materials to regenerate tissue. In this study, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were seeded onto the PLGA with (PLGA/Fibrin) or without fibrin (PLGA only). Macroscopic observation, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) assays were performed at week 1, 2 and 3 in vitro. Both PLGA/Fibrin and PLGA only groups showed similar hyaline-like appearance with white and smooth glistening surface. The MTT assay showed higher cell proliferation in the PLGA/Fibrin than the PLGA only group. The production of sGAG is higher in the PLGA/Fibrin group than in the PLGA only. This may suggest that PLGA/Fibrin may serve as prospective cell delivery vehicle and essential foundation for in vitro tissue engineered articular cartilage

Micro-Needle with Polygonal Structure of Micro-Channel for Stress and Blood or Drug Flow Optimization

This paper presents micro-needle with different tip and inner structure of the needle for optimizations of pain stresses and drug or blood deliveries. The micro-needle comes with several design's parameters of length ranging from 5 mm to 50 mm and diameter ranging from 100 µm to 200 µm. A hollow micro-needle with four different tip designs which are 10°, D3-2, D6 and Quadruple are also designed to optimize the pain stresses parameters. In order to improve the flow deliveries, the inner structure of the channel is modified into various polygonal shape which is square, hexagon and dodecagon. It shows that, having less contact surface area between the skin and micro-needle's tip and polygonal shape of inner channel has better performance for both of the objectives. These feasible region of average velocity and stress of the micro-needle have satisfied in determining the best design for tip and inner channel of the micro-needle under certain conditions and constraints. The three-dimensional geometry study had improved the insertions performance and efficiencies in painless drug or blood deliveries

Atom bond connectivity index of molecular graphs of alkenes and cycloalkenes

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index is one of the recently most investigated degree based molecular structure descriptors that have applications in chemistry. For a graph G, the ABC index is defined as ABC(G) = ∑ uv∈E(G) √[d v + du – 2]/[d v · d u ], where du denotes the degree of a vertex u in G. In this paper, we establish the general formulas for the atom bond connectivity index of molecular graphs of alkenes and cycloalkenes