Genomic characterization of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from domestic chickens in Pakistan

Poultry husbandry is important for the economic health of Pakistan, but the Pakistani poultry industry is negatively impacted by infections fro

Spontaneous Ventral Spinal Epidural Hematoma in an Infant: An Unusual Presentation

How to Cite This Article: Abbad A, Afzal K, Mujeeb AA, Shahab T, Khalid M. Spontaneous Ventral Spinal Epidural Hematoma in an Infant: An Unusual Presentation. Iran J Child Neurol. 2013  Spring;7(2):47-50.Abstract Spontaneous ventral spinal epidural hematomas are extremely rare in children and clinically recognized by the appearance of acute asymmetric focal motor and sensory involvement. In infants, the initial presenting symptoms are very non-specific and irritability is often the only initial manifestation. Appearance of other neurological signs may be delayed up to hours or even days later. In the absence of significant precipitating factors such as severe trauma or previously known coagulopathies,the diagnosis is usually delayed until the full picture of severe cord compression is developed. The diagnosis is finally made by performing magnetic resonance imaging. We report a 5-month-old infant with spinal epidural hematoma who presented with symmetrical upper limb weakness and diaphragmatic involvement to highlight the importance of recognizing the atypical manifestations for early diagnosis andintervention. References:1. Phillips TW, Kling TF Jr, McGillicuddy JE. Spontaneous ventral spinal epidural hematoma with anterior cordsyndrome: report of a case. Neurosurgery 1981;9:440-3.2. Patel H, Boaz JC, Phillips JP, Garg BP. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in children. Pediatr Neurol1998;19:302-7. Review.3. Penar PL, Fischer DK, Goodrich I, Bloomgarden GM, Robinson F. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. IntSurg 1987;72:218-21.4. Noth I, Hutter JJ, Meltzer PS, Damiano ML, Carter LP. Spinal epidural hematoma in a hemophilic infant. Am JPediatr Hematol Oncol 1993;15:131-4. Review.5. Beatty RM, Winston KR. Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma. A consideration of etiology. J Neurosurg1984;61:143-8.6. Alva NS. Traumatic spinal epidural hematoma of a 10-month-old male: a clinical note. Pediatr Neurol2000;23:88-9. Review.7. Aminoff MJ: Vascular disorders of the spinal cord, in Davidoff RA (ed): Handbook of the Spinal Cord.Infections and Cancer, Vol 5. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1986, pp 271-273.8. Blount J, Doughty K, Tubbs RS, Wellons JC, Reddy A, Law C, et al. In utero spontaneous cervical thoracicepidural hematoma imitating spinal cord birth injury. Pediatr Neurosurg 2004;40:23-7.9. Iguchi T, Ito Y, Asai M, Ito J, Okada N, Murakami M. [A case of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma]. No ToHattatsu 1993;25:267-70. Review. Japanese.10. Nagel MA, Taff IP, Cantos EL, Patel MP, Maytal J, Berman D. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in a7-year-old girl. Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1989;91:157-60.11. Metzger G, Singbartl G. Spinal epidural hematoma following epidural anesthesia versus spontaneous spinalsubdural hematoma. Two case reports. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991;35:105-7.12. Patel H, Garg BP. Increasing irritability with sudden onset of flaccid weakness. Semin Pediatr Neurol 1996;3:192-7.13. Tewari MK, Tripathi LN, Mathuriya SN, Khandelwal N, Kak VK. Spontaneous spinal extradural hematomain children. Report of three cases and a review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 1992;8:53-5. Review.14. Pecha MD, Able AC, Barber DB, Willingham AC. Outcome after spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma in children: case report and review of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79:460-3. Review

N-(2-Hy­droxy-1,1-dimethyl­eth­yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title mol­ecule, C11H17NO3S, the S atom has a distorted tetra­hedral geometry [maximum deviation: O—S—O = 119.08 (9)°]. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers of mol­ecules aligned parallel to (110). The 2-methyl­propan-1-ol group of the mol­ecule is disordered over two positions with an 0.592 (4):0.408 (4) occupancy ratio

N-(2-Hy­droxy-1,1-dimethyl­eth­yl)­benzene­sulfonamide

In the title mol­ecule, C10H15NO3S, the S atom is bonded in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect the mol­ecules to form a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). The 2-methyl­propan-1-ol group is disordered over two orientations with occupancies of 0.570 (3) and 0.430 (3)

CORRELATION OF SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN E LEVELS WITH ASTHMA SEVERITY IN CHILDREN (2-12 YEARS) PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation of serum IgE levels with asthma severity in children (2-12 years) presenting to Pediatric Outpatient Department, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done at Department of Pediatric Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi from June 2016 to December 2016. A total of 106 children with symptoms of airflow obstruction characterized by recurrent cough, difficulty in breathing and wheeze were included in this study. The severity of asthma were classified as intermittent, mild, moderate or severe persistant asthma based on subjective experience of the patients. Blood samples for serum IgE levels were taken and serum IgE levels were estimated by automated chemiluminescence system. RESULTS: The average age of the children was 6.38±6.0 years. In this study, intermittent asthma was observed in 24 (22.64%) cases. There were 30 (28.6%) children with mild asthma, 40 (37.74%) children with moderate asthma and severe asthma was found in 12 (11.32%) children. The mean IgE concentration was lowest in children with intermittent asthma (277.92±45.87 IU/ml), higher in children with mild persistent asthma (487.47±58.47 IU/ml) and highest in children with moderate and severe persistent asthma (688.75±52.08 and 1078.83±64.10IU/ml), respectively. . CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis that severity of asthma is reflected by serum IgE levels in children. We found that the mean IgE concentration correlates with the severity of asthma, being highest in the patients with severe asthma and dropping down as the symptoms wane

Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring & Analysis Program- Improving the Performance of Retrofits by Providing Operator Feedback from Measured Data

This paper describes how continuous monitoring and follow-up has improved the savings from energy conservation retrofits in the LoanSTAR program. It describes the importance of the feedback from the facility engineer or the building operator and how it can improve retrofit performance. Finally, the importance of Operation and Maintenance (O&M) is outlined. Results are presented which provide the status and cost savings for selected LoanSTAR buildings. Three O&M opportunities identified by the monitored data and follow-up are discussed in detail, including the process of outlining the problems, investigating the problems and the final outcomes

Texas LoanSTAR Monitoring & Analysis Program- Characterizing Loanstar Buildings & Energy Consumption

This paper presents an overview of the buildings participating in the Texas LoanSTAR program. In this paper, we categorized the buildings in terms of their number, size, percent area effected, types of buildings, types of retrofits, their estimated costs and savings, and the connected loads. Nine buildings are analyzed in additional detail, including indices that look at the maximum-minimum and mean electricity, chilled water, and steam/hot water consumption for the first year of recorded consumption

Sculpting the future of rice: CRISPR/Cas9 gene precision

RNA-guided genome editing technique known as the CRISPR/Cas9 (CC9) system is comprised of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA, also known as sgRNA. This invention has completely transformed the field of genome editing, emerging as an essential tool for altering the genetic makeup of different crops, such as rice. This article comprehensively reviews the CC9 system, its operating mechanisms, assembling methodologies, and techniques for identifying mutants with modified genes. We conducted a thorough analysis of the CC9 system in rice, focusing on the design and implementation. Our study explored techniques for accurate gene insertion and replacement, approaches for multiplex editing, and the processes influencing targeted and base editing, which control gene expression. Additionally, recent research was assessed to highlight the significance of specific genes in determining rice yields, quality, and tolerance to environmental stresses. Moreover, the article presents recent use cases of CC9 for rice development, while examining the challenges and prospects of employing this system in rice breeding

Sonographic Evaluation of Causes of Right Hypochondriac Pain

Background: Right hypochondriac pain or right upper abdominal quadrant (RUQ) pain is the most common type of pain, reason of 7.9% patients presenting at the OPD and ET departments of hospitals. RUQ main has multiple recorded causes with different frequencies of presentation. Ultrasound is the essential imaging methodology of decision for introductory evaluation and fills in as a practical and dynamic methodology to give a conclusive finding. Various systems of organs are incorporated at standard RUQ US, and an assortment of ultrasonographically diagnosable infection cycles can be recognized, including states of hepatic, pancreatic, adrenal, renal, gastrointestinal, vascular, and thoracic, all of which may bring about RUQ torment and pain. Most common causes, however, incorporate acute hepatitis and issues with gall bladder such as cholelithiasis as reported in existing literature The present study was thus conducted to evaluate the causes of right hypochondriac pain adopting ultrasound as the modality of choice. All the patients were scanned using SIMENS Grey scale/doppler ultrasound machine. Scanning was done in both transverse, longitudinal and any other plane deemed necessary to adequately visualize the right upper quadrant. Patients of either sex suffering from right hypochondrium pain were included in the study. They were referred from surgical OPD/ward of Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital. Duration of study was 4 months, during this period 154 patients were selected on the basis of  age, gender and  radiological findings,  informed, verbal consent was taken and ultrasonographic reports were collected  from radiologist office. It was found that out of 154 recorded cases, 93 were females and 61 males. Patients presented with a mixed frequencies of pain, highest being generalized abdominal pain. For the causes of RUQ pain, hepatic cyst was found to be the major cause present in 38.3% study participants followed by cholelithiasis (13.6%), hepatic hemangioma (10.4%), and right renal cyst (6.5%). Other findings included conditions like fatty liver (5.8%), gallbladder polyp (5.8%), right renal stones and hepatocellular carcinoma (3.9%). It was concluded that hepatic cysts and gall bladder stones are the major cause of RUQ pain in the present study sample. Although in some cases  non-significant causes included hepatic calcification, focal nodular hyperplasia and lipomas are causes pain. As in our cases, US seems to be an important diagnostic modelity in both the diagnosis and follow-up of Right hypochondriac pain and it may provide a faster, easier method of diagnosis. Keywords: Right Hypochondriac Region, Cholelithiasis, Acute Hepatitis, Ultrasound, Inflammation. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/91-06 Publication date:July 31st 202