Effect of cigarette smoking on the washout time of sevoflurane anesthesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cigarette smoking affects the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of many drugs and causes deterioration of pulmonary mechanics. We have evaluated the effect of cigarette smoking on washout time after one minimum alveolar concentration-h (1 MAC-h) of sevoflurane anesthesia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated the washout time of sevoflurane in 30 non-smoking and 30 healthy cigarette smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day for>1 year) ASA I-II physical status patients, aged 18-63 years, who were candidates for otorhinolaryngologic elective surgery under 1MAC-h standardized sevoflurane anesthesia. At the end of the surgery, the sevoflurane vaporizer was turned off and the time taken for the sevoflurane concentration to decrease to MAC-awake (0.3) and 0.1 MAC levels were recorded. In addition, the ratio of the fractions of inspired concentration (Fi) and expired concentration of sevoflurane (Fexp) at 1 MAC and Fexp of sevoflurane at 0.1MAC were recorded. The patients were mechanically ventilated during the washout time.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found no difference between the 2 study groups with regard to washout time of sevoflurane. The times of 1MAC down to MAC-awake (106 ± 48 sec in non-smokers vs 97 ± 37 sec in smokers, <it>p </it>> 0.05) and down to 0.1MAC (491 ± 187 sec in non-smokers vs 409 ± 130 sec in smokers, <it>p </it>> 0.05) were similar. Similarly, there were no significant differences in the ratios of Fi/Fexp at 1MAC (1.18 in non-smokers vs. 1.19 in smokers, <it>p </it>> 0.05) and Fexp of sevoflurane at 0.1MAC (0.26 in non-smokers vs. 0.25 in smokers, <it>p </it>> 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Washout time of 1MAC-h sevoflurane anesthesia is not appear to be effected by cigarette smoking in patients without significant pulmonary disease.</p

Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed the Sleep Habits of Nursing Students?

Objective:The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic process that the whole world is facing has revealed the importance of a strong immune systemandsleep in fighting diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the pandemic process on the sleeping habits of nursing students.Materials and Methods:This descriptive study was conducted online with 203 volunteer undergraduate students studying at the university nursing department between 20-25 May 2021. Data were collected through the Introductory Information Form, Sleep Assessment Form. This form was composed of questions including consecutive periods such as sleep time, sleep and wake-up time, and time to fall asleep, etc. p<0.05 value was accepted for statistical significance.Results:It was determined that 75.9% of nursing students were women, 31.5% were in the third grade, 92.0% were living with their families. It was determined that the average sleep duration of students increased before the pandemic and during the pandemic period, during pre-pandemic and pandemic period and in the last month, they went to bed later in the evening, woke-up later in the morning, spent more time in bed, resting time increased, and their sleep quality decreased. During the COVID-19 pandemic and pandemic processes, female students had higher average sleep times, time to fall asleep, time to wake-up in the morning, and time spent in bed in the last month than male students.Conclusion:Pandemic process caused changes in sleeping habits of nursing students compared the pre-pandemic period; it was determined that average sleep time, time to wake-up in the morning, the time spent in bed after waking up, time to rest while lying down, and time spent with electronic devices within the scope of the lesson and outside lesson. It’s important for the health of students to regulate sleep habits that are disrupted during the pandemic process

Short foot exercises have additional effects on knee pain, foot biomechanics, and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with patellofemoral pain.

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common knee problem. The foot posture in a relaxed stance is reported as a distal factor of PFP. However, the effects of short foot exercise (SFE) on the knee and functional factors have not yet been investigated in patients with PFP. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the additional effects of SFE on knee pain, foot biomechanics, and lower extremity muscle strength in patients with PFP following a standard exercise program. METHODS: Thirty patients with a ‘weak and pronated’ foot subgroup of PFP were randomized into a control group (ConG, n= 15) and a short foot exercise group (SFEG, n= 15) with concealed allocation and blinded to the group assignment. The program of ConG consisted of hip and knee strengthening and stretching exercises. SFEG program consisted of additional SFE. Both groups performed the supervised training protocol two times per week for 6 weeks. Assessment measures were pain visual analog scale (pVAS), Kujala Patellofemoral Score (KPS), navicular drop test (NDT), rearfoot angle (RA), foot posture index (FPI), and strength tests of the lower extremity muscles. RESULTS: Both groups displayed decreases in pVAS scores, but it was only significant in favor of SFEG. NDT, RA, and FPI scores decreased in SFEG whereas they increased in ConG. There was a significant group-by-time interaction effect in hip extensor strength and between-group difference was found to be significantly in favor of SFEG. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention program consisting of additional SFE had positive effects on knee pain, navicular position, and rearfoot posture. An increase in the strength of the hip extensors may also be associated with improved stabilization by SFE

COVID-19 pandemisi hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uyku alışkanlıklarını değiştirdi mi?

Amaç: Bütün dünyanın karşı karşıya kaldığı Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemi süreci, güçlü bir bağışıklık sisteminin ve uykunun hastalıklarla mücadele etmede önemini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uyku alışkanlıkları üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma 20-25 Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında bir vakıf üniversitesi hemşirelik bölümünde öğrenim görmekte olan gönüllü 203 lisans öğrencisiyle, çevrimiçi ortamda gerçekleştirildi. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgiler Formu ve COVID-19 Uyku Değerlendirme Formu aracılığı ile toplandı. Bu form “COVID-19 pandemi sürecinden önce, pandemi süreci ve son bir ay içerisinde” öğrencilerin uyku süresi, uyuma ve uyanma zamanı, uykuya dalma süresi gibi ardışık dönemleri içeren sorulardan oluşturuldu. İstatistiksel anlamlılık için p<0,05 değeri kabul edildi. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerin %75,9’unun kadın, %31,5’inin üçüncü sınıf, %92,0’ının pandemi sürecinde ailesi ile birlikte yaşamakta olduğu belirlendi. COVID-19 pandemi öncesi ile pandemi sürecinde öğrencilerin ortalama uyku süresinin arttığı, pandemi öncesi ile pandemi sürecinde ve son bir ayda akşam daha geç yattığı, sabah daha geç saatte uyandığı, yatakta daha fazla vakit geçirdiği, uzanarak dinlenme süresinin arttığı, uyku kalitelerinin azaldığı belirlendi. Kadın öğrencilerin COVID-19 pandemi süreci ve pandemi sürecinde son bir ayda ortalama uyku süreleri, uykuya dalma süreleri, sabah uyanma zamanı, yatak içerisinde geçirilen süre erkek öğrencilerden daha yüksektir. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemi sürecinin hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin pandemi öncesine göre uyku alışkanlıklarında değişikliklere neden olduğu; ortalama uyku süresi, sabah uyanma zamanı, uyandıktan sonra yatakta geçirilen süre, uzanarak dinlenme zamanı, ders kapsamında ve ders dışında elektronik cihazlar ile geçirilen sürenin arttığı tespit edildi. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde bozulan uyku alışkanlıklarının düzenlenmesi öğrencilerin sağlığı açısından önemlidir

YOĞUN BAKIM HASTALARINDA UYGULANAN SANTRAL VENÖZ KATETERLERE BAĞLI KOLONİZASYON DEĞERLENDİRME

Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde izlenen hastalarda görülen enfeksiyonların bir kısmından santral venöz kateterler sorumludur