Isospin dependent multifragmentation of relativistic projectiles

The N/Z dependence of projectile fragmentation at relativistic energies has been studied with the ALADIN forward spectrometer at the GSI Schwerionen Synchrotron (SIS). Stable and radioactive Sn and La beams with an incident energy of 600 MeV per nucleon have been used in order to explore a wide range of isotopic compositions. For the interpretation of the data, calculations with the statistical multifragmentation model for a properly chosen ensemble of excited sources were performed. The parameters of the ensemble, representing the variety of excited spectator nuclei expected in a participant-spectator scenario, are determined empirically by searching for an optimum reproduction of the measured fragment-charge distributions and correlations. An overall very good agreement is obtained. The possible modification of the liquid-drop parameters of the fragment description in the hot freeze-out environment is studied, and a significant reduction of the symmetry-term coefficient is found necessary to reproduce the mean neutron-to-proton ratios /Z and the isoscaling parameters of Z<=10 fragments. The calculations are, furthermore, used to address open questions regarding the modification of the surface-term coefficient at freeze-out, the N/Z dependence of the nuclear caloric curve, and the isotopic evolution of the spectator system between its formation during the initial cascade stage of the reaction and its subsequent breakup.Comment: 23 pages, 29 figures, published in Physical Review

Effects of fixing agents on Fastness properties of Mohair Fibers Dyed with leveling acid dyes

AATCC;INDA;TAPPI;The Fiber Society2010 Spring Conference of the Fiber Society -- 12 May 2010 through 14 May 2010 -- Bursa -- 105817[No abstract available

The use of dendrimers to obtain low temperature dyeability on mohair and Angora fibers

Dendrimers are macromolecules with a regular and highly branched three-dimensional architecture. In this study, the aim was to improve the dyeability of mohair and Angora fibers via dendrimer application and to assess the potential of low temperature dyeability of these fibersj According to the experimental results, it was found that dendrimer applied mohair and Angora fibers could be dyed darker than the un-treated fibers and, especially in dyeing mohair fibers with reactive dyes, it was determined that it is possible to dye dendrimer applied fibers at lower or shorter times, without causing any decrease in color yield

Obtaining Colored Patterns on Wool Fabric via Chitosan Application by Printing Prior to Dyeing

Chitosan is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose and has been extensively used in cosmetics, food and environmental protection, and material sciences. It has also many different application fields in textile. One of them is printing. Chitosan has been applied on fabrics prior to printing to enhance color or it has been used in printing paste as a thickener or binder. However, in none of the studies, chitosan was used in order to obtain colored patterns via printing. The aim of this study was to obtain colored patterns on wool fabrics via chitosan application by printing and then dyeing. For this purpose, printing was made on 100% wool fabrics with a colorless paste prepared with chitosan dissolved in acidic medium. Then, printed samples were dyed with acid and reactive dyes. The printing effects, color yields and fastness values of the samples were examined. A significant color difference has occurred in the un-treated and printed areas of wool fabrics dyed with acid and reactive dyes, which are anionic in nature, so that it has been shown that various color patterns could be obtained by printing with chitosan. © 2020 Taylor & Francis

Potential of extended usage of pigmented wools after partial mordant bleaching and dyeing with acid dyestuffs

Pigmented wools (black, brown and gray) represents approximately 15-20% in total wool production of the world. But these pigmented wools are considered as second quality for the reason that they can't be bleached and dyed into desired colors. Consequently they are generally used in production of filling material, felt, carpet etc. The aim of this study is to supply new usage areas for pigmented wools via partially bleaching and dyeing. After performing these treatments, the fibers can be dyed into various colors, such as red, green etc. and, after homogenization of the color by dyeing in the presence of leveling agent, it is becoming possible to use them in their own colors

Equalizing Effect of ß-cyclodextrin on dyeing or polyamide 6,6 woven fabrics with acid dyes

Cyclodextrins (CD) are produced from starch by the action of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) enzyme. Structurally, cyclodextrins consist of 6, 7, or 8 (?, ß, and y cyclodextrins, respectively) D-glucopyranosyl units connected by ?-(1,4) glycosidic linkages. Having polar and hydrophilic outer sides and hydrophobic cavitation gives cyclodextrins a chance to form inclusion complexes with dyes in hydrophilic mediums. In this research, the equalizing effect of ß-cyclodextrins in dyeing of polyamide 6,6 wo ven fabrics with 6 different acid dyes were investigated. From the experimental results, it was determined that the ß-cyclodextrin shows a retarding and equalizing effect in dyeings carried out with the dyes that show interaction with ß-CD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

The efficiency of washing agents in the post-dyeing removal of hydrolyzed reactive dye

WOS: 000240750100004The efficiencies of various washing agents (anionic and non-ionic) in removing hydrolyzed reactive dye are evaluated. Hydrolyzed dye was padded onto bleached cotton woven fabric and dried to provide the experimental material. Samples were washed at 95 degrees C with various washing agents in different concentrations, processing times, and liquor ratios. Removal efficiencies were assessed-spectrophotometrically. The best washing results were obtained with non-ionic washing agent. Liquor ratio has a dominant effect on efficiency on removing the hydrolyzed reactive dye. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved