Mathematical Formula of a Cone Model Used for Calculation of Snail Shell Volume

Problem statement: There are many species of Helix snails, each with its own unique exoskeleton shape, or shell shape. Principal analysis of measurement data from snail shells occupied by Helix points out the importance of the description and quantification of the snail shells. The present paper is aimed to compare some of the formulas in the literature used to determine the volume of snail shape. Hypothesis: The methods and formulae which exist do not reflect the real shell volume (at least not precisely enough) but rather use the external measurement and on that basis they draw conclusions for the biomass and the development stage. Organisms: 142 species of the Turkish snail (Helix lucorum). Approach: The purpose of this study is to improve and to offer a much better and accurate formula for calculations of the shell volume. Conclusion: Our results support the usage of the formulae, and confirm some of these formulas while disproving others. As a result we developed a formula which takes into consideration the varying shape and thickness of the shell and reflects the real shell volume in most of the cases

Stipple-streak disease of potato

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A grounded theory of Internet and social media use by young people who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).

PURPOSE: This paper presents a conceptual grounded theory for how young people with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), perceive using the Internet and social media. The aims of the research were to understand and contextualise their perceptions of access and use and explore implications for self-representation and social participation; to date literature on this topic is limited. METHOD: A constructivist grounded theory research approach concurrently collected and analysed interview data from 25 participants (aged 14-24 years) who use AAC and additional sources. RESULTS: A conceptual grounded theory was developed around an emergent core category that showed young people who use AAC have a clear desire to use the Internet and social media. This was underpinned by eight supporting categories: reported use, described support, online challenges, access technology, speech generating device (SGD) issues, self-determination, self-representation and online social ties. CONCLUSION: The conceptual grounded theory supports understanding of facilitators and challenges to use of the Internet and social media by young people with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy who use AAC. The grounded theory illustrates how the desire to use the Internet and social media is based upon perceived benefits for enriching social relationships and enhancing opportunities for self-representation and self-determination that are synonymous with identified antecedents for community-based social inclusion. Some of the participants are engaging with the Internet and social media through collaborative practice and the implications for how this phenomenon may impact on orthographic literacy and the personal care workforce are raised

ELSA in industrial robotics

Purpose of ReviewIndustry is changing; converging technologies allow a fourth Industrial Revolution, where it is envisaged that robots will work alongside humans. We investigate how the research community is responding to the ethical, legal, and social aspects of industrial robots, with a primary focus on manufacturing industry.Recent FindingsThe literature shows considerable interest in the impact of robotics and automation on industry. This interest spans many disciplines, which is to be expected given that the ELS impacts of industrial robotics may be profound in their depth and far-reaching in their scope.SummaryWe suggest that the increasing importance of human-robot interaction (HRI) reduces the differentiation between industrial robotics and other robotic domains and that the main challenges to successful adoption for the benefit of human life are above all political and economic. Emerging standards and legal frameworks may scaffold this success, but it is apparent that getting it wrong might have repercussions that last for generations