Examination of Hide Production, Hide Grades, and Economic Losses of Inferior Hide Grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013

The study examined hide production and economic losses of inferior hide grades in Egypt during 2002 to 2013. Data were obtained from the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics for various livestock, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The majority of hides produced were from buffaloes and were Grade 1 hides. Overall, the losses from condemned hides decreased from EGP1,756 in 2002 to EGP425 in 2013 (a decrease of 76%). Losses from Grade 3 hides also decreased from EGP141,369 in 2002 to EGP 63,859 in 2013 (a decrease of 55%). A concerted effort should be made to increase production from buffaloes to generate more revenues. Although the losses from both condemned and Grade 3 hides have been declining, we recommended the establishment of a buffalo hide quality grading system, and the development of an Extension education program to avoid activities that lead to losses

Bacteriological and Molecular Studies on the Enterococcus Species Isolated From Diseased Fish and Its Effect on Fish Farm Profits

The study was carried out on 120 fish samples O. nitoticus collected from Kafir El-Sheikh Governorate (60 diseased and 60 apparently healthy fish). The clinical picture of naturally infected O. niloticus showed haemorrhagic spots on the operculum, base of fins and mouth edges, skin darkening, uni-or bJJateraJ exophthalmia and skeletal deformity in some cases abdominal distension was observed. Postmortum lesions in O. niloticus revealed congested and enlarged liver or pale with grayish nodules in some cases. Spleen and kidneys were enlarged and congested and abdominal cavity contained serous fluid in some cases. Bacteriological examination revealed the isolation of (26) streptococcus isolates with an incidence of (43.3%) from diseased O. niloticus, and isolation of (17) isolates with an incidence of (28.3%) from the 60 apparently healthy . These isolates were biochemically tested. SDS-P AGE analysis of whole cell protein of selected serotyped strains revealed the presence of 7-13 protein bands and the most common characteristic bands were 36.67 KDa, 27.37 KDa and 44.0 KDa. Kb. DNA profile analysis of the 3 streptococcus species showed common band at 321 Serological examination of 37 selected isolates result in differentiation into 17 Enterococcus faecalis, 12 Streptococcus iniae, 5 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3 untypeable strains. Experimental infection of 8 groups of O. niloticus (each of 10 fish) with bacterial suspension of 8 isolates (2 Enterococcus faecalis, 5 Streptococcus iniae and 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae result in mortality rate of 20%, 10% and 0%, respectively. While, inoculation of the bacterial filtrate of the same isolates result in mortality rate of 30%, 22% and 10%. Our results cleared that the enterococci causes a great economic losses to fish farm production and it differ according to the type of bacteria that infected the fish. In bacterial suspension infection the weight losses for each 100/fish were 450 gm, 262.5 gm and zero losses zero losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae and the return losses reached to 4.5 LE, 2.62 LE and zero losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae. While, in bacterial filtrate the weight losses for each 100/fish were 675 gm, 1237.5 and 112.5 gm for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae and the return losses reached to 6.75 LE, 12.37 LE and 11.25 losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae. From these results we concluded that: Fish farms should avoid use of polluted water. Fish handlers with cut wounds should avoid fish handling without gloves as Streptococcus soft tissue causing sepsis, infection endocardities, urinary tract infections, labor pneumonia and meningitis. Human should keep water sources away from sewage pollution

Challenges of soil carbon sequestration in the NENA region

The Near East North Africa (NENA) region spans over 14&thinsp;% of the total surface of the Earth and hosts 10&thinsp;% of its population. Soils of the NENA region are mostly highly vulnerable to degradation, and future food security will much depend on sustainable agricultural measures. Weather variability, drought and depleting vegetation are dominant causes of the decline in soil organic carbon (SOC). In this work the status of SOC was studied, using a land capability model and soil mapping. The land capability model showed that most NENA countries and territories (17 out of 20) suffer from low productive lands (&gt;&thinsp;80&thinsp;%). Stocks of SOC were mapped (1:5 000 000) in topsoils (0–0.30&thinsp;m) and subsoils (0.30–1&thinsp;m). The maps showed that 69&thinsp;% of soil resources are shown to have a stock of SOC below the threshold of 30&thinsp;tons&thinsp;ha−1. The stocks varied between  ≈ 10&thinsp;tons&thinsp;ha−1 in shrublands and 60&thinsp;tons&thinsp;ha−1 for evergreen forests. Highest stocks were found in forests, irrigated crops, mixed orchards and saline flooded vegetation. The stocks of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) were higher than those of SOC. In subsoils, the SIC ranged between 25 and 450&thinsp;tons&thinsp;ha−1, against 20 to 45&thinsp;tons&thinsp;ha−1 for SOC. Results highlight the contribution of the NENA region to global SOC stock in the topsoil (4.1&thinsp;%). The paper also discusses agricultural practices that are favorable to carbon sequestration such as organic amendment, no till or minimum tillage, crop rotation and mulching and the constraints caused by geomorphological and climatic conditions. The effects of crop rotations on SOC are related to the amounts of above and belowground biomass produced and retained in the system. Some knowledge gaps exist, especially in aspects related to the impact of climate change and effect of irrigation on SOC, and on SIC at the level of the soil profile and soil landscape. Still, major constraints facing soil carbon sequestration are policy-relevant and socioeconomic in nature, rather than scientific.</p

Interventions for improving recovery from work

ObjectivesThis is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows:To compare the effectiveness of different individual interventions in recovery from work.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

NGS-Based Diagnosis of Treatable Neurogenetic Disorders in Adults: Opportunities and Challenges.

The identification of neurological disorders by next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based gene panels has helped clinicians understand the underlying physiopathology, resulting in personalized treatment for some rare diseases. While the phenotype of distinct neurogenetic disorders is generally well-known in childhood, in adulthood, the phenotype can be unspecific and make the standard diagnostic approach more complex. Here we present three unrelated adults with various neurological manifestations who were successfully diagnosed using NGS, allowing for the initiation of potentially life-changing treatments. A 63-year-old woman with progressive cognitive decline, pyramidal signs, and bilateral cataract was treated by chenodeoxycholic acid following the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis due to a homozygous variant in CYP27A1. A 32-year-old man with adult-onset spastic paraplegia, in whom a variant in ABCD1 confirmed an X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, was treated with corticoids for adrenal insufficiency. The third patient, a 28-year-old woman with early-onset developmental delay, epilepsy, and movement disorders was treated with a ketogenic diet following the identification of a variant in SLC2A1, confirming a glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome. This case study illustrates the challenges in the timely diagnosis of medically actionable neurogenetic conditions, but also the considerable potential for improving patient health through modern sequencing technologies

Bacteriological and Molecular Studies on the Enterococcus Species Isolated From Diseased Fish and Its Effect on Fish Farm Profits

The study was carried out on 120 fish samples O. nitoticus collected from Kafir El-Sheikh Governorate (60 diseased and 60 apparently healthy fish). The clinical picture of naturally infected O. niloticus showed haemorrhagic spots on the operculum, base of fins and mouth edges, skin darkening, uni-or bJJateraJ exophthalmia and skeletal deformity in some cases abdominal distension was observed. Postmortum lesions in O. niloticus revealed congested and enlarged liver or pale with grayish nodules in some cases. Spleen and kidneys were enlarged and congested and abdominal cavity contained serous fluid in some cases. Bacteriological examination revealed the isolation of (26) streptococcus isolates with an incidence of (43.3%) from diseased O. niloticus, and isolation of (17) isolates with an incidence of (28.3%) from the 60 apparently healthy . These isolates were biochemically tested. SDS-P AGE analysis of whole cell protein of selected serotyped strains revealed the presence of 7-13 protein bands and the most common characteristic bands were 36.67 KDa, 27.37 KDa and 44.0 KDa. Kb. DNA profile analysis of the 3 streptococcus species showed common band at 321 Serological examination of 37 selected isolates result in differentiation into 17 Enterococcus faecalis, 12 Streptococcus iniae, 5 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3 untypeable strains. Experimental infection of 8 groups of O. niloticus (each of 10 fish) with bacterial suspension of 8 isolates (2 Enterococcus faecalis, 5 Streptococcus iniae and 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae result in mortality rate of 20%, 10% and 0%, respectively. While, inoculation of the bacterial filtrate of the same isolates result in mortality rate of 30%, 22% and 10%. Our results cleared that the enterococci causes a great economic losses to fish farm production and it differ according to the type of bacteria that infected the fish. In bacterial suspension infection the weight losses for each 100/fish were 450 gm, 262.5 gm and zero losses zero losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae and the return losses reached to 4.5 LE, 2.62 LE and zero losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae. While, in bacterial filtrate the weight losses for each 100/fish were 675 gm, 1237.5 and 112.5 gm for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae and the return losses reached to 6.75 LE, 12.37 LE and 11.25 losses for S. fecalis, S. iniae and S. pnumoniae. From these results we concluded that: Fish farms should avoid use of polluted water. Fish handlers with cut wounds should avoid fish handling without gloves as Streptococcus soft tissue causing sepsis, infection endocardities, urinary tract infections, labor pneumonia and meningitis. Human should keep water sources away from sewage pollution