Eating Disorder Awareness Campaigns:Thematic and Quantitative Analysis Using Twitter

Background: Health awareness initiatives are frequent but their efficacy is a matter of controversy. We have investigated the effect of the Eating Disorder Awareness Week and Wake Up Weight Watchers campaigns on Twitter. Objective: We aimed to examine whether the Eating Disorder Awareness Week and Wake Up Weight Watchers initiatives increased the volume and dissemination of Twitter conversations related to eating disorders and investigate what content generates the most interest on Twitter. Methods: Over a period of 12 consecutive days in 2018, we collected tweets containing the hashtag #wakeupweightwatchers and hashtags related to Eating Disorder Awareness Week (#eatingdisorderawarenessweek, #eatingdisorderawareness, or #EDAW), with the hashtag #eatingdisorder as a control. The content of each tweet was rated as medical, testimony, help offer, awareness, pro-ana, or anti-ana. We analyzed the number of retweets and favorites generated, as well as the potential reach and impact of the hashtags and the characteristics of contributors. Results: The number of #wakeupweightwatchers tweets was higher than that of Eating Disorder Awareness Week and #eatingdisorder tweets (3900, 2056, and 1057, respectively). The content of tweets was significantly different between the hashtags analyzed (P<.001). Medical content was lower in the awareness campaigns. Awareness and help offer content were lower in #wakeupweightwatchers tweets. Retweet and favorite ratios were highest in #wakeupweightwatchers tweets. Eating Disorder Awareness Week achieved the highest impact, and very influential contributors participated. Conclusions: Both awareness campaigns effectively promoted tweeting about eating disorders. The majority of tweets did not promote any specific preventive or help-seeking behaviors

Efectos extra-auditivos del ruido, salud, calidad de vida y rendimiento en el trabajo; actuación en vigilancia de la salud

Este documento se ha realizado en el marco del proyecto de investigación “Estudio de prevalencia de los efectos extra-auditivos del ruido y su relación en la calidad de vida y rendimientos en la población trabajadora española”. Financiado por el FIS (PI07/90034)Esta publicación tiene como objetivo difundir los resultados del proyecto de investigación “ESTUDIO DE PREVALENCIA DE LOS EFECTOS EXTRA-AUDITIVOS DEL RUIDO Y SU RELACIÓN EN LA CALIDAD DE VIDA Y RENDIMIENTO EN LA POBLACIÓN TRABAJADORA ESPAÑOLA” realizado por un equipo de investigación formado por investigadores de la Escuela Nacional de Medicina del Trabajo del Instituto de Salud Carlos III y de la Universidad de Alcalá de Henares

Area-level deprivation and overall and cause-specific mortality: 12 years' observation on British women and systematic review of prospective studies.

BACKGROUND: Prospective studies have suggested a negative impact of area deprivation on overall mortality, but its effect on cause-specific mortality and the mechanisms that account for this association remain unclear. We investigate the association of area deprivation, using Index of Multiple deprivation (IMD), with overall and cause-specific mortality, contextualising findings within a systematic review. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used data from 4,286 women from the British Women's Heart Health Study (BWHHS) recruited at 1999-2001 to examine the association of IMD with overall and cause-specific mortality using Cox regression models. One standard deviation (SD) increase in the IMD score had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.21 (95% CI: 1.13-1.30) for overall mortality after adjustment for age and lifecourse individual deprivation, which was attenuated to 1.15 (95% CI: 1.04-1.26) after further inclusion of mediators (health behaviours, biological factors and use of statins and blood pressure-lowering medications). A more pronounced association was observed for respiratory disease and vascular deaths. The meta-analysis, based on 20 published studies plus the BWHHS (n=21), yielded a summary relative risk (RR) of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.11-1.19) for area deprivation (top [least deprived; reference] vs. bottom tertile) with overall mortality in an age and sex adjusted model, which reduced to 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04-1.08) in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Health behaviours mediate the association between area deprivation and cause-specific mortality. Efforts to modify health behaviours may be more successful if they are combined with measures that tackle area deprivation

Exploring the Extent of the Hikikomori Phenomenon on Twitter: Mixed Methods Study of Western Language Tweets

Background: Hikikomori is a severe form of social withdrawal, originally described in Japan but recently reported in other countries. Debate exists as to what extent hikikomori is viewed as a problem outside of the Japanese context. Objective: We aimed to explore perceptions about hikikomori outside Japan by analyzing Western language content from the popular social media platform, Twitter. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods analysis of all publicly available tweets using the hashtag #hikikomori between February 1 and August 16, 2018, in 5 Western languages (Catalan, English, French, Italian, and Spanish). Tweets were first classified as to whether they described hikikomori as a problem or a nonproblematic phenomenon. Tweets regarding hikikomori as a problem were then subclassified in terms of the type of problem (medical, social, or anecdotal) they referred to, and we marked if they referenced scientific publications or the presence of hikikomori in countries other than Japan. We also examined measures of interest in content related to hikikomori, including retweets, likes, and associated hashtags. Results: A total of 1042 tweets used #hikikomori, and 656 (62.3%) were included in the content analysis. Most of the included tweets were written in English (44.20%) and Italian (34.16%), and a majority (56.70%) discussed hikikomori as a problem. Tweets referencing scientific publications (3.96%) and hikikomori as present in countries other than Japan (13.57%) were less common. Tweets mentioning hikikomori outside Japan were statistically more likely to be retweeted (P=.01) and liked (P=.01) than those not mentioning it, whereas tweets with explicit scientific references were statistically more retweeted (P=.01) but not liked (P=.10) than those without that reference. Retweet and like figures were not statistically significantly different among other categories and subcategories. The most associated hashtags included references to Japan, mental health, and the youth. Conclusions: Hikikomori is a repeated word in non-Japanese Western languages on Twitter, suggesting the presence of hikikomori in countries outside Japan. Most tweets treat hikikomori as a problem, but the ways they post about it are highly heterogeneous

A Novel Classification of Endometriosis Based on Clusters of Comorbidities

Endometriosis is a heterogeneous, complex, and still challenging disease, due to its epidemiological, etiological and pathogenic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognosis characteristics. The classification of endometriosis is contentious, and existing therapies show significant variability in their effectiveness. This study aims to capture and describe clusters of women with endometriosis based on their comorbidity. With data extracted from electronic records of primary care, this study performs a hierarchical clustering with the Ward method of women with endometriosis with a subsequent analysis of the distribution of comorbidities. Data were available for 4055 women with endometriosis, and six clusters of women were identified: cluster 1 (less comorbidity), cluster 2 (anxiety and musculoskeletal disorders), cluster 3 (type 1 allergy or immediate hypersensitivity); cluster 4 (multiple morbidities); cluster 5 (anemia and infertility); and cluster 6 (headache and migraine). Clustering aggregates similar units into similar clusters, partitioning dissimilar objects into other clusters at a progressively finer granularity—in this case, groups of women with similarities in their comorbidities. Clusters may provide a deeper insight into the multidimensionality of endometriosis and may represent diverse “endometriosis trajectories” which may be associated with specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms. Comorbidity-based clusters may be important to the scientific study of endometriosis, contributing to the clarification of its clinical complexity and variability. An awareness of those comorbidities may help elucidate the etiopathogenesis and facilitate the accurate earlier diagnosis and initiation of treatments targeted toward particular subgroups

Diagnosis of Endometriosis Based on Comorbidities: A Machine Learning Approach

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of estrogen-dependent endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Despite extensive research, endometriosis is still an enigmatic disease and is challenging to diagnose and treat. A common clinical finding is the association of endometriosis with multiple diseases. We use a total of 627,566 clinically collected data from cases of endometriosis (0.82%) and controls (99.18%) to construct and evaluate predictive models. We develop a machine learning platform to construct diagnostic tools for endometriosis. The platform consists of logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, and XGBoost for prediction, and uses Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) values to quantify the importance of features. In the model selection phase, the constructed XGBoost model performs better than other algorithms while achieving an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.725 on the test set during the evaluation phase, resulting in a specificity of 62.9% and a sensitivity of 68.6%. The model leads to a quite low positive predictive value of 1.5%, but a quite satisfactory negative predictive value of 99.58%. Moreover, the feature importance analysis points to age, infertility, uterine fibroids, anxiety, and allergic rhinitis as the top five most important features for predicting endometriosis. Although these results show the feasibility of using machine learning to improve the diagnosis of endometriosis, more research is required to improve the performance of predictive models for the diagnosis of endometriosis. This state of affairs is in part attributed to the complex nature of the condition and, at the same time, the administrative nature of our features. Should more informative features be used, we could possibly achieve a higher AUC for predicting endometriosis. As a result, we merely perceive the constructed predictive model as a tool to provide auxiliary information in clinical practice

Influence of shift work and night shifts in the onset of the Burnout Syndrome in doctors and nurses

Artículos originales[ES] La sociedad actual que funciona 24 horas al día, obliga a las organizaciones y en consecuencia a sus empleados a someterse a horarios de trabajo que van en contra del ritmo natural de la vida. El horario por turno y las guardias, fuera de las horas normales del día, es un tema que cobra importancia, ya que son muchas las implicaciones que esto trae como consecuencia en la salud física y mental de quienes lo realizan. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica existente la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas en la aparición del síndrome de Burnout en médicos y enfermeras. Método: Varias bases de datos han sido analizadas (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane), con descriptores específicos y según criterios de inclusión se ha obtenido la bibliografía. Resultados: Se localizaron 40 artículos. De los cuales, 16 (40%) corresponden a estudios en enfermeras y 24 (60%) sobre médicos, principalmente médicos en formación. Parece existir una relación de la influencia de los turnos de trabajo y las guardias nocturnas con la aparición del síndrome de Burnout, en médicos y enfermeras.[EN] Society today works 24 hours a day, forcing organizations and their employees to submit work schedules that go against the natural rhythm of life. Shift work and night work, is an issue that is becoming important, as there are important consequences in physical and mental health of those who work this way. Objective: Analyze the existing scientific evidence of the influence of shift work and night shifts in the onset of burnout syndrome among physicians and nurses. Method: Several databases have been reviewed (Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Cochrane), with specific descriptors and bibliography has been obtained according to the criteria of inclusion. Results: 40 articles were located, of which 16 (40%) were studies of nurses and 24 (60%) of physicians, mostly physicians studying their specialty. There seems to be a relationship of the influence of shift work and night shifts with the appearance of burnout syndrome in doctors and nurses. Conclusions: The identification of psychosocial risk factors to which physicians may be exposed will allow us to take preventive measures that can be usefull to improve health and quality of life of this professional group.N

Salud y condiciones de trabajo en el transporte de mercancías por carretera

El Objetivo principal de la "Encuesta de Salud y Condiciones de Trabajo en el Transporte de Mercancías por Carretera" es obtener información sobre las condiciones de trabajo, problemática, riesgos y daños para la salud de los trabajadores del sector de transporte de mercancías por carretera con el objeto de identificar las oportunidades de mejora y progreso del sector en materia de salud y condiciones de trabajo

DIRECT AND INDIRECT COSTS RELATED TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN SPAIN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. DM is importantly linked to the modern lifestyle. Lifestyle-based interventions currently represent a critical preventive and therapeutic approach for patients with DM. Increasing physical activity has proven multiple benefits to prevent this condition; however, there is still room for further progress in this field, especially in terms of the effect of exercise in patients with already established DM. This study intends to examine the economic relationship between physical activity and direct/indirect costs in patients with DM. We analyze a national representative sample (n = 1496) of the general population of Spain, using available data from the National Health Survey of 2017 (NHS 2017). Our results show that 63.7% of the sample engaged in some degree of physical activity, being more frequent in men (67.5%), younger individuals (80.0%), and those with higher educational levels (69.7%). Conversely, lower levels of physical activity were associated with female sex, older subjects, and various comorbidities. Our study estimates that 2151 € per (51% in direct costs) patient may be saved if a minimum level of physical activity is implemented, primarily, due to a decrease in indirect costs (absenteeism and presenteeism). This study shows that physical activity will bring notable savings in terms of direct and indirect costs in patients with DM, particularly in some vulnerable groups

Areas of Interest and Attitudes Toward Antiobesity Drugs: Thematic and Quantitative Analysis Using Twitter

BackgroundAntiobesity drugs are prescribed for the treatment of obesity in conjunction with healthy eating, physical activity, and behavior modification. However, poor adherence rates have been reported. Attitudes or beliefs toward medications are important to ascertain because they may be associated with patient behavior. The analysis of tweets has become a tool for health research. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the content and key metrics of tweets referring to antiobesity drugs. MethodsIn this observational quantitative and qualitative study, we focused on tweets containing hashtags related to antiobesity drugs between September 20, 2019, and October 31, 2019. Tweets were first classified according to whether they described medical issues or not. Tweets with medical content were classified according to the topic they referred to: side effects, efficacy, or adherence. We additionally rated it as positive or negative. Furthermore, we classified any links included within a tweet as either scientific or nonscientific. Finally, the number of retweets generated as well as the dissemination and sentiment score obtained by the antiobesity drugs analyzed were also measured. ResultsWe analyzed a total of 2045 tweets, 945 of which were excluded according to the criteria of the study. Finally, 320 out of the 1,100 remaining tweets were also excluded because their content, although related to drugs for obesity treatment, did not address the efficacy, side effects, or adherence to medication. Liraglutide and semaglutide accumulated the majority of tweets (682/780, 87.4%). Notably, the content that generated the highest frequency of tweets was related to treatment efficacy, with liraglutide-, semaglutide-, and lorcaserin-related tweets accumulating the highest proportion of positive consideration. We found the highest percentages of tweets with scientific links in those posts related to liraglutide and semaglutide. Semaglutide-related tweets obtained the highest probability of likes and were the most disseminated within the Twitter community. ConclusionsThis analysis of posted tweets related to antiobesity drugs shows that the interest, beliefs, and experiences regarding these pharmacological treatments are heterogeneous. The efficacy of the treatment accounts for the majority of interest among Twitter users