Influence of the temperature on the formation of a phenolic resol resin catalyzed with amine

The influence of the condensation temperature on the phenolic resol resin prepolymer formation was studied by liquid chromatography and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy. Four resols catalyzed with triethylamine and with initial pH = 8.0 and F/P = 1.8 were synthesized at 60, 80, 95°C, and reflux (98-102°C). On increasing the condensation temperature, reactant consumption rates and first formed addition products increased, condensation times decreased as well. Prepolymer synthesized at refluxing temperatures showed higher formaldehyde addition onto ortho positions with respect to the other resols. Different types of phenolic rings connecting bonds were observed: para, para and ortho, para bridges as well as ether bonds were detected. No ortho, ortho bonds were observed for the condensation with the catalyst used. 13C NMR measurements did not show qualitative differences between prepolymers. Anyway, residual phenol and formaldehyde concentrations and the amount of free unreacted ortho and para positions decreased with temperature.Fil: Astarloa Aierbe, G.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Echeverría, J.M.. Bakelite Ibérica; EspañaFil: Riccardi, Carmen Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Mondragon, I.. Universidad del País Vasco; Españ

Modelling of phenolic resin polymerisation

The kinetics of the polymerisation of resol-type phenolic resins has been modelled taking into account the phenol and formaldehyde equilibria. The kinetic parameters were obtained by adjusting the experimental evolution of phenol, formaldehyde and initial addition products during synthesis. The influence of the type and amount of catalyst, the initial pH, the initial formaldehyde-to-phenol molar ratio and the condensation temperature, on the kinetics rate constants was quantified.Fil: Riccardi, Carmen Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Astarloa Aierbe, G.. Bakelite-Ibérica; EspañaFil: Echeverría, J. M.. Bakelite-Ibérica; EspañaFil: Mondragon, I.. Universidad del País Vasco; Españ