Prevalence and genotyping identification of Cryptosporidium in adult ruminants in central Iran

Background Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Cryptosporidium infect a wide range of animal species as well as humans. Cryptosporidium spp. can cause life threatening diarrhea especially in young animals, children, immunocompromised patients and malnourished individuals. Asymptomatic cryptosporidial infections in animals can also occur, making these animals potential reservoirs of infection. Methods In the present study, a molecular survey of Cryptosporidium spp. in ruminants that were slaughtered for human consumption in Yazd Province, located in central Iran was conducted. Faeces were collected per-rectum from 484 animals including 192 cattle, 192 sheep and 100 goats. DNA was extracted from all samples and screened for Cryptosporidium by PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene. Positives were Sanger sequenced and further subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus. Results In total, Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 22 animals: C. andersoni and C. bovis in seven and two cattle faecal samples, respectively, C. ubiquitum in five sheep, and C. xiaoi in six sheep and two goat samples, respectively. To our knowledge, this study provides for the first time, molecular information concerning Cryptosporidium species infecting goats in Iran, and is also the first report of C. ubiquitum and C. xiaoi from ruminants in Iran. Conclusion The presence of potentially zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium in ruminants in this region may suggest that livestock could potentially contribute to human cryptosporidiosis, in particular among farmers and slaughterhouse workers, in the area. Further molecular studies on local human populations are required to more accurately understand the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. in this region

Quantitative Cytotoxicity, Cellular Uptake and Radioprotection Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in MRC-5 Normal Cells and MCF-7 Cancerous Cells

Optimal distribution of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) or nanoceria can have a significant impact on their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and radioprotection effects. In this study, two different distribution plans of CONPs were investigated. A scanner electron microscope (SEM) was used for chemical analysis and recording of CONP images. Using MTT assay, the non-toxic concentrations of nanoceria with two different distribution plans were determined in MRC-5 and MCF-7 cell lines. Nanoceria cellular uptake at 50, 150, and 250 μM with two different dispersion plans was determined by using the UV/VIS absorbance of cell culture medium after 24 h of incubation. In order to quantify radioprotection effect, cells treated with non-toxic concentrations of nanoceria were exposed to 10, 40, and 100 cGy of 6 MV photon beams. The diameter of the spherical CONPs was 29 nm. Energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that the cerium element has the highest weight percentage in CONPs (97.9). Accumulation rate of filtered and non-filtered suspension were determined as 0.3608 and 14.2708 μg/ml/h, respectively. The 70 and 110 μM concentration of sustained nanoceria suspension did not have any toxicity for MRC-5 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In both cell lines, 50, 150, and 250 μM of filtered nanoceria had a significant uptake than the non-filtered nanoceria. A total of results showed that the 70 μM of nanoceria have a significant radioprotection on normal cells in the radiation dose of 40 and 100 cGy, while the highest cellular uptake of nanoceria occurred in cancer cells. The results suggest that using of stable distribution of CONPs for radiation protection could be a good choice, knowing that these nanostructures will have selective protection in normal cells. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Estimation of radiation dose-reduction factor for cerium oxide nanoparticles in MRC-5 human lung fibroblastic cells and MCF-7 breast-cancer cells

In the current study, radiation dose-reduction factor (DRF) of nanoceria or cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) in MRC-5 Human Lung Fibroblastic Cells and MCF-7 Breast-Cancer Cells was estimated. Characterization of CONPs was determined using scanner electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectrophotometer. Then, six plans were designed with different radiation dose values on planning target value. The obtained MRC-5 and MCF-7 cells were treated with non-toxic concentrations of CONPs and then exposed. Finally, cell viability () of the cell lines was determined using MTT assay. The findings showed that CONPs have no significant radioprotective effect against 10 cGy radiation dose value. Nevertheless, 70 μM CONPs resulted in a significant radioprotection against 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 cGy radiation dose values compared with the control group in MRC-5 cells. For all radiation dose values, mean cell viability () of MCF-7 had not increased significantly at the presence of nanoceria compared with control group. According to the findings, it was revealed that the use of CONPs have a significant radioprotective effect on normal lung cells, while they do not provide any protection for MCF-7 cancer cells. These properties can help to increase therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Laporan Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di desa Panjungan Kecamatan Kalitidu Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Permasalahan Kesehatan di Desa Panjunan, Kecamatan Kalitidu, Kabupaten Bojonegoro yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan 1000 HPK meliputi gizi kurang, kurangnya pengaturan jarak kelahiran, dan tidak rutinnya kedatangan ibu balita ke Posyandu.Permasalahan tersebut harus mendapatkan perhatian agar tidak berakibat kepada permasalahan kesehatan yang lebih serius lagi. Penentuan identifikasi masalah berdasarakan data rekap Posyandu serta dilakukan indepth interview dengan bidan. Setelah itu dilakukan penentuan prioritas masalah dengan menggunakan metode Urgency Seriousness Growth (USG) menghasilkan tidak rutinnya kedatangan ibu balita ke Posyandu menjadi masalah utama. Penyebaran kuesioner menggunakan metode sampling kepada ibu yang memiliki balita, dan hasil kuesioner digunakan dasar dalam menyusun pertanyaan metaplan dan diskusi. Diskusi dilakukan dengan kader posyandu guna mengetahui permasalahan yang sebenarnya terjadi. Perencanaan implementasi terhadap tidak rutinnya kedatangan ibu balita ke Posyandu melalui kegiatan MATA DADU (Mama Pintar Sadar Posyandu) dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan, serangkaian kegiatan tersebut meliputi talk show MATA DADU, games mitos dan fakta, buku saku MATA DADU, dan sosialisasi door to door : Buku Saku Mata Dadu. Serangkaian kegiatan MATA DADU dilakukan dengan tujuan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya kesehatan balita serta mengetahui tumbuh kembang balita dengan mengikuti kegiatan posyandu di Desa Panjunan. Pada kegiatan MATA DADU dilakukan monitoring berupa peningkatan kedatangan balita di posyandu sesudah program intervensi sebanyak 36% dari target pencapaian sebanyak 25 % dan mengukur tingkat pengetahuan peserta melalui pretest dan posttest didapatkan hasil memenui target. Selanjutnya, evaluasi kegiatan pada pelaksanaan posyandu Lily 3 dengan membandingkan data jumlah ibu balita yang datang ke posyandu Lily 3 sebelum program intervensi dengan sesudah program intervensi

The role of flavor and fragrance chemicals in TRPA1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1) activity associated with allergies

TRPA1 has been proposed to be associated with diverse sensory allergic reactions, including thermal (cold) nociception, hearing and allergic inflammatory conditions. Some naturally occurring compounds are known to activate TRPA1 by forming a Michael addition product with a cysteine residue of TRPA1 through covalent protein modification and, in consequence, to cause allergic reactions. The anti-allergic property of TRPA1 agonists may be due to the activation and subsequent desensitization of TRPA1 expressed in sensory neurons. In this review, naturally occurring TRPA1 antagonists, such as camphor, 1,8-cineole, menthol, borneol, fenchyl alcohol and 2-methylisoborneol, and TRPA1 agonists, including thymol, carvacrol, 1’S-1’- acetoxychavicol acetate, cinnamaldehyde, α-n-hexyl cinnamic aldehyde and thymoquinone as well as isothiocyanates and sulfides are discussed

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Comparative study of heavy metal (Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni) concentrations in soft tissue of gastropod Thais mutabilis and sediments from intertidal zone of Bandar Abbas

. The main positive correlation was found between concentration of Ni in T.mutabilis and sediments (p < 0.0001, r = 0 .941). The concentration of Cd in soft tissues of T.mutabilis was more than its value in sediments, which demonstrate the potential of T. mutabilis as bioindicators of Cd and Ni pollution

Rare case of angiosarcoma of the adrenal gland seen with multiple modalities

A 72-year-old female with a prior history of breast cancer presented with mild acute kidney injury. She underwent renal ultrasonography which identified a mass and prompted further imaging. An MRI demonstrated a nonspecific large left suprarenal mass which was subsequently resected. Pathology demonstrated the mass to be angiosarcoma. A six-month postoperative FDG PET-CT was preformed which showed new hypermetabolic focus in the left prevascular mediastinum. Subsequent CT-guided biopsy revealed metastatic disease

Frequency of AmpC beta-lactamase genes in Escherichia coli genera of urinary tract infection isolated from patients admitted to internal wards of Yazd hospitals, Iran

Background: Nowadays, beta-lactams are the most common antimicrobial agents used for treatment of bacterial infections. On the other hand, the production of beta-lactamase enzymes including AmpC is one of the reasons for bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of AmpC-type betalactamase genes in Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 75 isolates of Escherichia coli were collected from the urine specimen of patients with urinary tract infections admitted to internal wards of Yazd hospitals, Iran. After culturing of specimens and isolation, identification of isolates was performed using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Disk diffusion method according to protocols of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI-2016) was used for the susceptibility testing of isolates. AmpC genes were detected using PCR method and specific primers. The data were analyzed via SPSS software. Findings: The highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance were observed for amoxicillin and imipenem, respectively. Out of 75 isolates, 19 isolates (25.3) produced AmpC genes. blaCITMand blaDHAMgenes were present in 13 (17.4) and 2 (7.2) Escherichia coli isolates, respectively. The blaFOXMgene was not detected in any of the isolates. Conclusion: Our results indicate that AmpC genes are present in beta-lactamase-producing specimens, which is a serious threat for prescribing third-generation cephalosporins. In order to prevent the spread of these resistance, molecular methods-based studies should be performed to identify routine beta-lactamases such as AmpC. © 2017, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences(IUMS). All rights reserved

Investigating Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens of Patients Referring to Hospitals in Yazd

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a worldwide problem, and is leading to multi-drug resistance (MDR: Multiple drug resistance). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic strain patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens of patients in hospitals in Yazd. Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study, 90 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa derived from different clinical samples was transferred to the microbiology lab of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in 2013. Conventional biochemical tests were utilized to confirm the presence of bacteria, and then antibiotic resistance pattern was determined using standard disk diffusion (Kirby - Bauer) method according to the CLSI guideline. Results: Out of 90 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples, burn wound specimens had the most antibiotic-resistant pattern. As a matter of fact, all of 28 strains isolated from burn wounds were MDR. Ceftazidime involved the most resistant antibiotic (56%), whereas ciprofloxacin was the least resistant one (44.4%), and 66.6% of the isolates were detected as multi-drug resistant. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR Pseudomans aeruginosa in the present study was high. As ceftazidime, Ertapenem, and meropenem had effective anti Pseudomonal activity against MDR Pseudomans aeruginosa (in this study increased resistance to these antibiotics was observed), it is necessary to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility as well as to determine antibiotic pattern prior to starting the treatment in order to prevent antibiotic-resistant strains

Survey of Prevalence of Hepatitis G in Blood Donors Admitted to Yazd Blood Transfusion Center (2012)

Introduction: Hepatitis G virus is an RNA virus related to Flaviviridae family that its genome was identified in the patients with non A-E hepatitis at the end of the last century. The present study aimed to investigate the survey of the prevalence of hepatitis G in blood donors and its relation to age and gender Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, sampling was performed on 263 blood donors referring to Yazd Blood Transfusion Center. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed according to the protocol  and  was amplified by nested-PCR. Finding: Out of 263 examined donors, 12.9% were first time donors, 20.9% and 66.2%% were repeated and regular donors. More donors were in the range of 30-40 years (33.5%), 98.9% (260) were men and 1/1% (3) female. Only in 3 (1.1%) of donors, HGV genome were identified, which all cases were related to male in the age of 22-32 years old. 2 (7/0%) of HGV positive donors were regular donors and one of the donors has been reported as a repeated donor.  No genomic HGV was reported in first time donors in this study. Conclusion: According to the various studies in Iran, infection with HGV genome was reported from 4% in blood donors to 32% in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, it seemsthat it is necessary to do more studies in the country to evaluate blood donors