117 research outputs found
Paints of Old Believer Carved Icons of the Lower Pechora: Technical, Technological, Historical, and Archival Aspects of Study
ΠΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ: 27.02.2023. ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: 06.04.2023.Submitted: 27.02.2023. Accepted: 06.04.2023.Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ (ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²) ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΆΠΌΠ° (ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π£ΡΡΡ-Π¦ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ). ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΡ
Ρ, Π±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈ Π‘ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ°), ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ XX ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ
ΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
Π΄. Π‘ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΊ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ Β«ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ» ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠΎΠΌΠΈ (Π‘ΡΠΊΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠ°Ρ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°-Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π€. Π. ΠΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ· Π΄. Π‘ΠΊΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ². Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ Β«ΠΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡ
ΡΡ) Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. Π ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°, Π±Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΡΠ°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊ. Π‘ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π·ΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ (ΡΠ΅Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ?). ΠΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° (ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈΠΈ). Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² XVIIIβXIX Π²Π². Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Β«ΠΏΠΈΠΆΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΒ» ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ.This article considers the technical, technological, and archival aspects of the study of Old Believer carved works of art (icons and crosses) of the Lower Pechora, whose origin is associated with the Velikopozhensky Monastery on the Pizhma River (currently, Ust-Tsilma District of the Komi Republic). The reason for the study is the hypothesis about the local origin of the ochre used for painting the icons, as there are rich deposits in the vicinity of the village of Skitskaya (on the site of the former Velikopozhensky Skete). According to written sources, they were developed until the first quarter of the twentieth century. The article describes the methods of studying the composition of ochre samples from deposits in the vicinity of the village of Skitskaya, the colours of The Cross of Golgotha, a Velikopozhensky carved icon from the collection of the National Gallery of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar). Also, the authors speak about the palette of F. O. Anshukov, a hereditary Old Believer spoon maker from the village of Skitskaya, research results, and their correlation with data from written sources. The study demonstrates that the white and other pigments of The Cross of Golgotha icon contain white lead. The red pigment is minium. The blue pigment corresponds to the composition of Prussian blue. Natural pigments (caput mortuum, ochre) are not used. In the spoon makerβs palette, red, brown, and blue pigments are mixed with lead white with an admixture of quartz, barite, and gypsum. Minium was used as a red pigment. The composition of the blue pigment corresponds to Prussian blue. The white paint in the palette is zinc white. The green paint was replaced with zinc white with an arsenic-containing pigment (Scheeleβs green?). The brown paint contains iron oxides, which suggests the natural origin of the pigment (caput mortuum). The results of the research testify that in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the inhabitants of the Velikopozhensky Skete and their descendants, masters of βPyzhem paintingβ on wood, used mainly imported pigments of artificial origin
Influence of high-intensity CO2 laser irradiation on collagen matrix composition of normotrophic skin scars (experimental study)
The experiment was carried out in 25 laboratory rats. After modeling of normotrophic cutaneous scars, the procedure of laser dermabrasion with 50 Watt carbon dioxide laser was performed in superpulse mode with impulse-pause ratio of 0,5:100 ms and 500 Β΅m spot diameter. Morphological, immunohistochemical and morphometric examination of skin histological sections were performed. A single exposure to CO2 laser radiation in this mode resulted in the early formation of mainly type III collagen and then type I collagen in ratios approaching to the intact skin.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° 25-ΡΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ 50 ΠΡ Π² ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡ β ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ·Π° 0,5:100 ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ½Π° 0,5 ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π‘ΠΎ2 Π»Π°Π·Π΅ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° III ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°, Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π°Π³Π΅Π½Π° I ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ
Comparison of REMS, NEWS, qSOFA and SIRS criteria scales for sepsis prediction in patients with diagnosis βSARS-CoV-2, virus unidentifiedβ: a retrospective observational study
Background. Despite ample research on the coronavirus infection sequence and therapy, the incidence of adverse outcomes remains very high. Sepsis stands among the major factors greatly complicating treatment and increasing the risk of death. A timely identification of highrisk sepsis patients is a cornerstone of effective sepsis prevention.Objectives. A comparative prognostic power assessment between the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scale, National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Initial Prehospital Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria for sepsis detection in anaesthetic intensive care patients with a diagnosis: SARS-CoV-2, virus unidentified.Methods. A retrospective observational study included 166 patients over 18-year age with unconfirmed infection (ICD-10 code U07.2). The qSOFA, NEWS, REMS and SIRS point estimates were obtained from each patient. The patients were retrospectively divided in two cohorts by sepsis presence (Sepsis-3 criteria) to determine the express scales power in evaluating the risk of sepsis (estimated as area under ROC curve, AUROC).Results. Data on 102 patients were included in the final analysis. Fifty-eight (57%) patients were terminal, and 55 (54%) developed sepsis. The estimates are as follows: NEWS β AUROC 0.848 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.764β0.912], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0β86.8], specificity 82.98% [95% CI 69.2β92.4], optimal cut-off threshold >5 points; qSOFA β AUROC 0.700 [95% CI 0.602β0.787], sensitivity 76.36% [95% CI 63.0β86.8], specificity 61.70% [95% CI 46.4β75.5], optimal cut-off threshold >0 points; REMS β AUROC 0.739 [95% CI 0.643β0.821], sensitivity 69.09% [95% CI 55.2β80.9], specificity 65.96% [95% CI 50.7β79.1], optimal cut-off threshold >5 points; SIRS criteria β AUROC 0.723 [95% CI 0.626β0.807], sensitivity 98.18% [95% CI 90.3β100.0], specificity 31.91% [95% CI 19.1β47.1], optimal cut-off threshold >0 points.Conclusion. The NEWS scale revealed a good prognostic power to estimate the risk of sepsis in patients with suspected COVID-19 disease. The qSOFA, REMS scales and SIRS criteria possess a good calibration capacity, albeit insufficient resolution, which limits their prognostic value
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics and effectiveness of antiviral therapy for COVID-19 in children: The experience of the first year of the pandemic
Background. The use of antiviral agents can shorten the duration of the viral infection. The aim: to study the clinical and epidemiological features and the effectiveness of antiviral therapy for new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in outpatient children.Materials and methods. From April 2020 to March 2021, 9334 outpatient children aged from 0 months to 17 years were randomly tested for new coronavirus infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oropharyngeal and nasal material by PCR. Patients with confirmed new coronavirus infection were prescribed interferon-alpha (IFN-Ξ±) intranasally, antiviral agents of systemic action. The control group consisted of children with COVID-19 who did not receive treatment.Results. When examining clinically healthy contact children, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 7.4 % of cases. In the structure of ARI, the specific weight of COVID-19 was 12.3 % with the peak incidence in April-May (up to 22.8 %) and NovemberDecember (up to 30.0 %). In half of the cases, children became infected in the family, and usually adults were the index patient. In 47.7 % of cases, an asymptomatic form of COVID-19 was registered without significant differences in patients of different ages. In one third of children with concomitant pathology, the disease was asymptomatic, in half it was mild, in other cases moderate severity was diagnosed. The clinical picture of COVID-19 did not differ from other ARIs. Anosmia (9.4 %) in half of the cases was combined with ageusia (4.4 %) and was significantly more common in boys. The duration of clinical manifestations in children of the control group and those who received antiviral therapy did not statistically significantly differ in mild and severity of the disease. Also, various antiviral therapy options did not significantly affect the duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection in children with various forms of COVID-19.Conclusion. In the first year of the pandemic, the novel coronavirus infection did not dominate the pattern of respiratory diseases in outpatient children. Further research is required to develop pediatric guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 at the outpatient stage
Anthropourgic Foci of Plague in Vietnam: Past and Present
The review contains the results of ecological-epizootiological and epidemiological investigations of plague in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1989-2012. Studied has been the structure of epizootic triad - carrier-vector-pathogen. There is a low probability of plague foci occurrence in zones of tropical forests and savanna under the conditions of humid subequatorial climate. Main plague agent carrier on the Thai Nguyen Plateau is the synanthropic little rat, Rattus exulans . Specialized fleas species are absent on wild-living rats Rattus genus, as well as mice, and bandicoots, and the abundance of other species is small. It has been demonstrated that all the elements of the parasitic plague system are classified as introduced species. Thereupon it is inferred that plague foci in Vietnam are anthropourgic and are of anthropogenic origin solely. Plague cases in humans across the territory of the country were registered between 1898 and 2002. The most persistent ones functioned on the Thai Nguyen Plateau. Although epizootic activity of the foci in territory of the former endemic provinces has decreased, it is necessary to continue epizootiological monitoring further on in the modern period
Thyroid cancer risk in Belarus among children and adolescents exposed to radioiodine after the Chornobyl accident
BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed an increased risk of thyroid cancer among children and adolescents exposed to radioactive iodines released after the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident, but the effects of screening, iodine deficiency, age at exposure and other factors on the dose-response are poorly understood.
METHODS: We screened 11β970 individuals in Belarus aged 18 years or younger at the time of the accident who had estimated (131)I thyroid doses based on individual thyroid activity measurements and dosimetric data from questionnaires. The excess odds ratio per gray (EOR/Gy) was modelled using linear and linear-exponential functions.
RESULTS: For thyroid doses \u3c5 \u3eGy, the dose-response was linear (n=85; EOR/Gy=2.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.81-5.47), but at higher doses the excess risk fell. The EOR/Gy was significantly increased among those with prior or screening-detected diffuse goiter, and larger for men than women, and for persons exposed before age 5 than those exposed between 5 and 18 years, although not statistically significant. A somewhat higher EOR/Gy was estimated for validated pre-screening cases.
CONCLUSION: 10-15 years after the Chornobyl accident, thyroid cancer risk was significantly increased among individuals exposed to fallout as children or adolescents, but the risk appeared to be lower than in other Chornobyl studies and studies of childhood external irradiation
Myocardial infarction in the population of some Russian regions and its prognostic value
Aim. To study the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population of Russian regions and its contribution to cardiovascular events.Material and methods. The analysis material was representative samples of the population aged 35-64 years from 11 Russian regions,Β examined within the multicenter study βEpidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in RegionsΒ of Russian Federationβ. The response rate was about 80%. The study used a community-basedΒ systematic stratified multiply random sample. During the study, information on prior MI was obtained using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometry and measurement of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with an automatic BP monitor were performed. Resting electrocardiography (ECG) was performed, followed by Minnesota coding. Major and minor QQS waves and STT segments were considered as ischemicΒ ECG abnormalities. Biochemical parameters were determined using an Arkhitect 000 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. The median prospectiveΒ follow-up was 6,21 [5,25; 6,75] years. A composite endpoint (CE) was analyzed, including cardiovascular death and non-fatal MI. During the follow-up period, 363 all-cause deaths were detected,Β of which 134 were from cardiovascular diseases, while 196 β CEs. Statistical analysis was carried out in R 3.6.1 environment.Results. The MI prevalence among the Russian population was 2,9%; 5,2% for men and 1,5% for women,Β increasingΒ with age. Men with prior MI wereΒ more likely to take statins and beta-blockersΒ than women as follows: 39,0% vs 25,6% and 29,3% vs 27,1%, respectively. MI newly diagnosed within the follow-upΒ period was associated with the following risk factors (RFs): smoking, increased BP, HR, triglycerides and glucose.Β For individuals with prior MI, a significant relationship was found only with smoking.Β Multiple comparisonΒ of the contribution of RFs, ECG abnormalities,Β and prior MI showedΒ that the inclusion of ischemic ECG abnormalities in the analysis significantly increasesΒ the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals without prior MI compared with individuals without both MI and ECG changes.Β A high CE risk was noted in patients with prior MI: relative risk (RR), 4,73 (2,92-7,65); the addition of ischemic ECG abnormalities increased the RR to 5,75 (3,76-8,8).Conclusion. The RR of CEs in patientsΒ with prior MI without or with ischemic ECG changesΒ is 4,73 and 5,75 times higher than in patients without MI and ECG abnormalities. The risk factorsΒ identifiedΒ in this case cannot explain such an increaseΒ in CEs. It is obviousΒ that peopleΒ with prior MI needΒ rehabilitation. The presence of RFs in patients with newly diagnosedΒ MI indicates insufficient primary prevention, which suggestsΒ that strengthening preventive measures to eliminate conventional risk factors in patients with newly diagnosedΒ MI will help reduce the risk of recurrent MI or cardiovascularΒ mortality
Major Factors Affecting Incidence of Childhood Thyroid Cancer in Belarus after the Chernobyl Accident: Do Nitrates in Drinking Water Play a Role?
One of the major health consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 was a dramatic increase in incidence of thyroid cancer among those who were aged less than 18 years at the time of the accident. This increase has been directly linked in several analytic epidemiological studies to iodine-131 (131I) thyroid doses received from the accident. However, there remains limited understanding of factors that modify the 131Irelated risk. Focusing on post-Chernobyl pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus, we reviewed evidence of the effects of radiation, thyroid screening, and iodine deficiency on regional differences in incidence rates of thyroid cancer. We also reviewed current evidence on content of nitrate in groundwater and thyroid cancer risk drawing attention to high levels of nitrates in open well water in several contaminated regions of Belarus, i.e. Gomel and Brest, related to the usage of nitrogen fertilizers. In this hypothesis generating study, based on ecological data and biological plausibility, we suggest that nitrate pollution may modify the radiationrelated risk of thyroid cancer contributing to regional differences in rates of pediatric thyroid cancer in Belarus. Analytic epidemiological studies designed to evaluate joint effect of nitrate content in groundwater and radiation present a promising avenue of research and may provide useful insights into etiology of thyroid cancer
Olekminsk Evenks of Yakutia in Context of Economic Development of the North in 19<sup>th</sup>-21<sup>st</sup> Centuries
The issue of the relationship between indigenous peoples of the North and extractive companies is raised. The relevance of the study is determined by the resumption of active activities of industrial companies engaged in the exploration and extraction of minerals in the places of residence of indigenous peoples. The article presents the results of the authorβs research prepared during the ethnological examination in the Olekminsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in summer 2017. The novelty of the study is the reconstruction of the process of formation of the system of relations between industrialists and indigenous peoples on the example of the local community of Olekminsk Evenks. The influence of industrial development on the socio-economic indicators and living environment of the Evenks of Olekma is shown. It is emphasized that the policy pursued by the authorities in relation to the aboriginal population strengthened the assimilation processes. In the long period of time the peculiarities of relations between industrialists and peoples of the North in different historical periods are revealed. The author gives interesting examples of the relationship of Olekminsk Evenks and industrialists on the basis of previously unclaimed archival sources. The experience of interaction between Olekminsk Evenks and extractive companies is considered. Recommendations are given in building mechanisms of interaction between extractive companies and indigenous peoples of the North
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