Isolation And Characterization Of Microsatellite Markers From The Stingless Bee Nannotrigona Testaceicornis

Conservation of natural populations and handling of breeding programs would benefit from the availability of molecular markers. Stingless bees are one of the most important pollinators in several ecosystems. Thus, seventeen microsatellite markers were developed from an enriched genomic library of Nannotrigona testaceicornis. They were characterized using 50 samples. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.59 to 0.89 and from 0.39 to 0.79, respectively. These markers will contribute to advance researches on the genetic conservation, characterization and preservation of the Brazilian native bees. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.119799Billotte, N., Lagoda, P.J.L., Risterucci, A.M., Baurens, F.C., Microsatellite-enriched libraries: Applied methodology for the development of SSR markers in tropical crops (1999) Fruits, 54, pp. 277-288Creste, S., Tulmann-Neto, A., Figueira, A., Detection of single sequence repeat polymorphism in denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels by silver staining (2001) Plant Mol Biol Report, 19, pp. 1-8Francisco, F.O., Silvestre, D., Arias, M.C., Mitochondrial DNA characterization of five species of Plebeia (Apidae: Meliponini): RFLP and restriction map (2001) Apidologie, 32, pp. 323-332Green, C.L., Franck, C., Oldroyd, B.P., Characterization of microsatellite loci for Trigona carbonaria, a stingless bee endemic to Australia (2001) Mol Ecol Notes, 1, pp. 89-92Kerr, W.E., Carvalho, G.A., Nascimento, V.A., (1996) Abelha Uruçu, , Biologia, manejo e conservação, Fundação Acangaú, Belo HorizonteNei, M., Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals (1978) Genetics, 89, pp. 583-590Paxton, R.J., Weißschuh, N., Quezada-Euan, J.J.G., Characterization of dinucleotide microsatellite loci for stingless bees (1999) Mol Ecol, 8, pp. 685-702Peters, J.M., Queller, D.C., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L., Strassmann, J.E., Microsatellite loci for stingless bees (1998) Mol Ecol, 7, pp. 783-792Raymond, M., Rousset, F., GENEPOP (version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism (1995) J Hered, 86, pp. 248-249Rozen, S., Skaletsky, H.J., PRIMER 3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers (2000) Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology, pp. 365-386. , In: Krawetz S, Misener S (eds), Humana Press, Totowa, NJSambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F., Maniatis, T., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, , 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NYvan Oosterhout, C., Hutchinson, W.F., Wills, D.P.M., Shipley, P., MICRO-CHECKER: Software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data (2004) Mol Ecol Notes, 4, pp. 535-53

Performance of broilers experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium and fed diets with addition of lactulosis

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of lactulose on performance as well as its ability to prevent colonization by Salmonella Typhimurium in broilers orally inoculated with this pathogen. The design adopted was completely randomized, with 630 one-day-old male chicks distributed into six treatments, with seven replications and 15 birds per experimental unit. The treatments comprised the following procedures: T1 (control group) - no S. Typhimurium inoculation or supply of lactulosis; T2 - only inoculation of S. Typhimurium; T3 - only lactulosis supply; T4 supply of lactulosis and S. Typhimurium inoculation on the first day of life; T5 - supply of lactulosis 48 hours before S. Typhimurium inoculation; and T6 - supply of lactulosis 48 hours after inoculation of S. Typhimurium. Performance variables were evaluated on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th days of age; fragments of the duodenum and jejunum were collected and sent to histomorphometric assessment at 14 days of age, and S. Typhimurium excretion was verified in cloacal swabs on the 10th, 24th and 35th days of age. Performance data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%) and fecal excretion data were assessed by non-parametric chi-square test. Better weight gain and feed conversion were observed in groups fed lactulosis with or without challenge of S. Typhimurium up to 21 days of age. Reduced duodenum villous height was verified on the 14th day in groups challenged with the pathogen. Reduction of S. Typhimurium fecal excretion was verified in broilers fed lactulosis from the first day of life on and 48 hours before receiving S. Typhimurium directly into the crop. Lactulosis increases broiler performance up to one week after its inoculation, influences duodenum villous height and reduces the fecal excretion of Salmonella Typhimurium

Research of Salmonella spp. and evaluation of pathogenicity, cytotoxicity of Escherichia coli isolates proceeding from sparrows (Passer domesticus)

The aim of this study was to research the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in feces samples of sparrows, as well as to identify the pathogenicity, cytotoxicity and sensitivity profile of the isolates to antimicrobial use. Two hundred and twenty eight sparrows were captured in eight farms. The in vitro pathogenicity test was performed by the isolates culture on congo red-magnesium oxalate Agar, whilst the in vivo pathogenicity test was performed in one day-old chicks. In order to study the cytotoxic effects of indicators, samples were inoculated into Vero cells. The results obtained for Escherichia coli isolation confirmed the presence of this microorganism in 30 (13.2%) of the evaluated samples. Out of those isolates, 10 (33.3%) presented the capacity of absorbing ongo red. As for in vivo pathogenicity a 68.0% of mortality rate of the evaluated samples was observed. Out of 20 isolates tested for cytotoxin production, none of them presented cytotoxic effect in the Vero cells. The Salmonella spp was isolated only in one sample (0.04%), and it was identified as Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae. Results obtained through this research indicate the need for new studies to identify other virulence factors of E. coli samples and to delineate the phylogenetic profile of the isolates in order to establish a relation with colibacillosis outbreaks in chickens and broilers in the studied region, as well as to analyze the critical points in the aviculture productive chain to identify the source of Salmonella enterica subspecies houtenae