Assessing the efficiency of an innovative method for onsite greywater treatment: Drawer compacted sand filter - A case study in Jordan

This study evaluated the performance of a new treatment method for greywater called the Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF). This is a modified sand filter design in which the sand filter is broken down into several layers approximately 10cm high, each of which is placed in a movable drawer that is stacked vertically, with each drawer separated by 10cm of space. This treatment unit is seeking to overcome the problems commonly found in traditional sand filter designs, such as clogging, emission of bad odours and need for a large land area to house the filter. Nine pilot DCSF units were operated at different locations in Jordan during the period of 2011-2013. Composite water samples from the inlet and outlets of the DCSF over a period of 18 months were taken periodically and tested for BOD5, COD, TSS, pH, EC and E.coli. A socio-economic study was conducted to evaluate the validity and feasibility of the DCSF. The results showed that DCSF removed 78-96% of BOD5 and COD and 69-98% of TSS. E.coli removal was various across the DCSF units, ranging from 1 log to 6 logs. The focus group discussion and the analysis of economic benefits showed that DCSF unit was acceptable and feasible treatment method for greywater with minimal maintenance requirements

Assessing the efficiency of an innovative method for onsite greywater treatment: Drawer compacted sand filter - A case study in Jordan

This study evaluated the performance of a new treatment method for greywater called the Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF). This is a modified sand filter design in which the sand filter is broken down into several layers approximately 10cm high, each of which is placed in a movable drawer that is stacked vertically, with each drawer separated by 10cm of space. This treatment unit is seeking to overcome the problems commonly found in traditional sand filter designs, such as clogging, emission of bad odours and need for a large land area to house the filter. Nine pilot DCSF units were operated at different locations in Jordan during the period of 2011-2013. Composite water samples from the inlet and outlets of the DCSF over a period of 18 months were taken periodically and tested for BOD5, COD, TSS, pH, EC and E.coli. A socio-economic study was conducted to evaluate the validity and feasibility of the DCSF. The results showed that DCSF removed 78-96% of BOD5 and COD and 69-98% of TSS. E.coli removal was various across the DCSF units, ranging from 1 log to 6 logs. The focus group discussion and the analysis of economic benefits showed that DCSF unit was acceptable and feasible treatment method for greywater with minimal maintenance requirements

Erupted and nonerupted compound odontoma in prosthodontic patients: Report of two cases

The odontomas constitute most common benign odontogenic tumors of the jaws. Majority of odontomas are nonsymptomatic and are detected on routine radiographic examination. They represent up to 22% of all odontogenic tumors of the jaws. This lesion is composed of more than one type of odontogenic tissues and for this reason, it is also known a composite odontoma. In a 32-year-old male, well-defined small teeth like structure were noticed distal to maxillary second molars bilaterally which were confirmed radiologically and histopathologically as eruption odontome. In the second case, multiple miniature tooth-like structures of varying densities were observed pericoronally to the impacted canine on the X-ray, which was confirmed as compound histologically

Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)-Glycerol-Spinel ferrites flexible membranes

Polymer membranes of ferrites nanoparticles, glycerol, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were fabricated using a solution casting method. Spinel ferrites nanoparticles, CuFe2O4 or ZnFe2O4, and glycerol were used as dopants to control the membranes' electrical conductivity. The morphology, composition, and interaction between PVA and the dopants were investigated byscanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differentialscanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrical characterization of the membranes was conducted by impedance spectroscopy using frequencies between 1 and 106 Hz and variable temperatures. The results revealed a negative temperature coefficient of the resistance of the membranes. Additionally, membranes with ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles exhibit higher electrical impedance than those with CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. Therefore, electrical conductivity could be controlled using a suitable dopant's composition and concentration. The membranes presented in this study exhibit semiconducting properties, thus, they have potentials to be utilized in multiple applications including the flexible organic-based device. - 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48821. - 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by Qatar University under grant number QUCG?CAS?20182019?1. The FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and EDS measurements were accomplished in the Central Laboratories unit at Qatar University.Scopu