SHODHANA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF UTPATTI-STHANA OF VYADHI

According to Ayurvedic literature, there are three types of Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) in the body. These are present predominantly in certain places of the body and such places are known as Vishesha Sthana (Udbhvasthana) and the remaining are identified as Anya Sthana (general site). On the basis of three Dosha, Acharya classified Udbhvasthana into two, in which Pakwashaya is the Udbhvasthana for Vata. Adho Amashaya is the Udbhavasthana for Pitta and Urdhwa Amashaya is the Udbhavasthana for Kapha, and on the basis of these two Udbhava sthana Acharya classifies Shodhan into two in which Vamana is for Amasaya-Smuttha Vyadhi and Virechana for Pakvashya-Smuttha Vyadhi. This identification is done on the basis of physiological aspect of the body. The present article will explore the Shodhana aspects relating to the Udbhavasthana of Vyadhi as well as try to identify the therapeutic and prognostic significance of this understanding

Security Review and Study of DoS Attacks on LTE Mobile Network

The main objective of 3GPP long term evolution (LTE) is to provide a secure communication, high data rate and better communication for 4G users. LTE support all IP based data and voice with speed in order of hundreds of mega-bytes per second. Increase speed in accessing internet. Network to be attached by hackers using some attacks like spyware ,malware ,Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service(DDoS) .This paper associated with security problem in LTE network and brief summary of DoS attack , DDoS attack and security vulnerabilities in LTE networks

Violence Exposure and Self-esteem of School Going Adolescents in a Metropolitan City: A Preliminary Study

Background: Violence exposure in light of peer victimization and witnessing peer victimization is a common phenomenon in schools across the globe. The present study conceptualizes exposure at three personal levels: a) as a victim, b) as a witness, and c) as a perpetrator. Method & Materials: A semi-structured interview schedule and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale were used as study tools. Results: The findings of the study show that the entire sample had experienced violence in one form or the other in school and had witnessed the same as well. Few of the adolescents had committed violence to take revenge and settle the score for being bullied. Victimization and witnessing violence in school triggered feelings like hurt, helplessness, sadness, and anger, whereas on committing violent acts feelings of joy, fun, content and satisfaction in adolescents. Twenty per cent of adolescents had low levels of self-esteem and 80% had average levels of self-esteem. The results showcase the reasons for bullying for fun, to hurt, to oppress or dominate others, due to personal grievances, jealousy, and growing less tolerance. Conclusion: Violence exposure to adolescents at school needs intervention. Keywords: Adolescents, violence exposure, bullying, self-estee

Abhyanga : Different contemporary massage technique and its importance in Ayurveda

Ayurveda is a ‘science of life’ which provides not only curative but also preventive principles for healthy and long life. Ayurveda is a life style, a science and an art of appropriate living that ensures health and longevity of human being. Abhyanga (oil massage) which is one among the Dinacharya, is also a part of pre therapeutic procedures of Panchakarma. Abhyanga is to be considered in Snehana therapy. As it nourishes the senses of mind and gives the strength. but if done in any region like localised in head, neck, legs etc then it is termed as Shiroabhyanga, Padabhyanga etc. Full body massage gives strength to whole body but localised massage gives strength to that particular part of the body. Localised massage can be practised by oneself. Thus it is easy to practise. But for Abhyanga one need to be dependent on massage trainer. The instructions to be followed under localised massage also. It gives its benefits; when it is done in right manner only

Concept of Agni and its Importance in Ayurveda: A Review

The Ayurvedic concept of Agni or fire is critically important to our overall health. Agni is the force of intelligence within each cell, each tissue, and every system within the body. Ultimately, it is the discernment of Agni that determines which substances enter our cells and tissues and which substances should be removed as waste. In this way, Agni is the gatekeeper of life. In fact, according to Ayurveda, when the Agni is extinguished, death soon follows. Ayurveda identifies a vast range of functions for which Agni is directly responsible, but it also teaches us that impaired Agni is at the root of all imbalances and diseases. Ayurveda identifies 13 distinct subtypes of Agni in the body, each defined by its specific physiological function as well as its location in the body. The mother of all of them is Jathara Agni, the central digestive fire that governs the digestion and assimilation of food. But there are many other fire components in the body’s cells, tissues and organs that govern things like sensory perception and the nutrition of specific tissues. Localized manifestations of Agni also determine which substances can cross cell membranes and maintain cellular memory in our DNA. A poor diet, an unsupportive lifestyle, and unresolved emotions can easily hinder Agni by dampening any of these qualities throughout the system. Similarly, nurturing the qualities of Agni in a very general way has the potential to benefit Agni throughout the body. Hence understanding of Agni in one of the important concepts for the understanding of disease process as well as to prescribe principles of treatment

CLINICAL STUDY ON CHURNA BASTI ADMINISTERED IN MODIFIED KALA BASTI SCHEDULE IN AMAVATA

Amavata is most common debilitating joint disorder which makes the life of patient almost crippled. Amavata in the modern parlance can be correlated with Rheumatoid Arthritis which is a highly prevalent disease in the present life scenario due to the changing dietetic habits, social structure, environmental and mental stress. Ayurveda has a lot to offer in this regard. The Chikitsa explained for Amavata includes Shodhana as well as Shamana which includes Langhana, Deepana, Swedana, Virechana, Snehapana, Basti and Upanaha. Therefore, the study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of Churnabasti in modified Kalabasti schedule in the management of Amavata. Churna Basti yoga explained by Acharya Chakrapani comprises of drugs possessing Ushna & Teekshnagunas, Deepana-Pachana, Vata Kaphahara and Shula-Shothahara properties which may help in attaining Agnideepti, Laghutva, Nirama Lakshana and Shoolahara effect. Combination of Vaishwanara choorna, Rasna Saptaka Kashaya and Dhanyamla administered in Amavata is yielding beneficial effects as the ingredients possess the properties opposite to that of Amavata and therefore acts positively on the disease. The present study was planned based on this concept and statistically highly significant effects (P>0.0001) were observed in the various assessment parameters of Amavata such as Sandhishoola, Sandhishotha, Sandhistabdhata Sandhisparsa Asahyata etc. In overall effect of therapy maximum number of patients (40.12%) got marked improvement. Therefore, Churna Basti comprising of drugs possessing properties opposite to Ama can be considered as a good remedy in the management of Amavata

The Karmukata of Svedana Karma: A Critical Analysis

Traditional approach to health care and cure has been the basic concept of Panchakarma. The Panchakarma is a branch of Ayurveda and one of the oldest health systems in the world with wide acceptance among large segments of the population. Svedana which is a major procedure of Panchakarma acts unanimously as Purvakarma, Pradhana Karma and Pashchat Karma, fight against diseases and becoming more successful in achieving Samyavastha. By its versatility it shows its effectiveness in the diseases of almost all the system by mostly causing vasodilatation and improved general circulation leading to healthy return in the condition. Svedana is considered as Bahirparimarjana Chikitsa and one among the Sad-Upakrama. Svedana which is a major procedure of Panchakarma and it is subdivided into Purvakarma, Pradhana Karma and Pashchat Karma. It is an independent Upakarma, as a Purvakarma measures generally done after Deepana, Pachana and Snehana, before administration of Shodhana treatment, Svedana is a process to induce sweating artificially in a patient who had already undergone Snehana may be or may not be. The heat is generated directly (Saagni) or indirectly (Niragni). Svedana liquefies the Doshas, clears the obstruction of channels of circulation and directs the Doshas to selective places from where they can be expelled easily. In the Vedic era the use of Natural remedies like sun-rays, fire were advocated as remedy in many disorders and mentioned as destroyers of Rakshas i.e. microbes. The current status of Svedana which indicate fluid perspiration from the body by sun light and exercise or the sweating which brought about in the body by contact of heat

Management of Khalitya through Pracchana followed by Vanadhanyakadi Lepa - A Case Report

Alopecia is caused by androgen and genetic factors. Androgens cause hair follicles to shrink and eventually disappear if they are not addressed. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. A 26-year-old male presented to the Panchakarma OPD Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, Hassan, with complaints of gradual hair loss and scalp itching over a two-year period. It was diagnosed as a case of Khalitya and was treated with Udwartana to Shira Pradesha, Pracchana, and Lepa application. The Norman Hamilton scale, hair pull test and symptoms before and after treatment were used to evaluate the case. Following treatment, there was a significant reduction in symptoms and significant hair growth

Richness of Thalloid Liverworts in Bilaspur, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve and Lafa hills, Chhattisgarh (India)

A survey of bryophyte diversity in Bilaspur District (Chhattisgarh) and nearby areas has brought to light an unexpectedly rich bryoflora. Liverworts have a great diversity which includes both leafy and thalloid forms. Presence of 24 species of thalloid liverworts was recorded collectively from protected area Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere reserve (AABR) as well as other regions of Bilaspur district and Lafa Hills, Korba. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of elevation on the diversity of bryophytes in regional scale. For the study each location was mapped zone wise on 21 micro plots ranging between altitudes 230 m to 1011 m. Using presence or absence of species, bryophyte species richness was compared at each altitude. These zones exhibit high species richness at mid–high elevation (around 525-1000 m) with an average 4-6 species of distribution rate. It is observed 83% of liverwort population as terrestrial, 10% as epiphytic, 7% grows in aquatic habitats and below 5% recorded as ubiquitous at various altitude ranges. Species composition shows variability along the elevation and microhabitat distribution which shows homogeneity of liverwort population. This study reveals the current status of liverworts in Bilaspur region

Wind Power Control Using MPPT and SEPIC Converter

A wind energy system is simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. In which a SEPIC (DC/DC converter) converter is used to convert the varingDC voltage a constant output voltage by using its control mechanism.The amount of power output from a Wind Energy System (WES) depends upon the accuracy with which the peak power points are tracked by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller of the WES control system irrespective of the type of generator used. Incremental conductance (InCond) method has been used as the algorithm in this MPPT block. The simulated system proposed uses a three-level, three phase, twelve pulse inverter for converting DC voltage generated by the SEPIC converter to AC voltage at desired frequency and voltage level. The usage of three-level inverter reduces Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in output voltage. When large power generated from wind energy system then it will be stored in Battery, this stored energy will be used by load when system is shut-down or in unrealiable conditions. Lead-acid batteries are used due to their large availability in many sizes, low cost and well firm performance characteristics. The main concentration here is to develop a system to make use of the available renewable resourcei.eWES effectively and increase the efficiency of system by implementing MPPT technique