The Wiener, Eccentric Connectivity and Zagreb Indices of the Hierarchical Product of Graphs

Let G1 = (V1, E1) and G2 = (V2, E2) be two graphs having a distinguished or root vertex, labeled 0. The hierarchical product G2 ⊓ G1 of G2 and G1 is a graph with vertex set V2 × V1. Two vertices y2y1 and x2x1 are adjacent if and only if y1x1 ∈ E1 and y2 = x2; or y2x2 ∈ E2 and y1 = x1 = 0. In this paper, the Wiener, eccentric connectivity and Zagreb indices of this new operation of graphs are computed. As an application, these topological indices for a class of alkanes are computed. ACM Computing Classification System (1998): G.2.2, G.2.3.The research of this paper is partially supported by the University of Kashan under grant no 159020/12

Use of Α-Interferon, Amantadin and Isoprinosine in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (Sspe): Comparing the Effectiveness

ObjectiveSub acute Sclerosing Pan Encephalitis (SSPE), a progressive neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), is the result of an inappropriate immune response to the measles virus or measles vaccination.SSPE usually develops 2 to 10 years after the original viral attack. Some of the major signs and symptoms are mental deterioration, jerky movements, and seizures specially myoclonic type, involuntary movements, and/or behavioral changes, difficulty in walking, speech, and loss of cognition, respiratory distress and death.Materials and MethodsDuring the ten years, from July 1991 to July 2001, we admitted 45 cases of (SSPE), at different stages of the disorder. Regardless of their stage of disease, for intervention, randomly, we used one of three drugs; Amantadin, Interferon alfa and Isoprinosine, administered to the patients, for between one month to one year. Fourteen cases received Amantadin, 15 Alfa interferon, and 16 were given Isoprinosine.ResultsWhile the results show all three drugs to be relatively effective, Isoprinosine showed four times more effectiveness than Amantadin and twice as much as Interferon.ConclusionThe results showed Isoprinosine to be much more effective than Amantadin and Alfa interferon in treating the condition

Comparison of Adsorption of Nitrogen and Oxygen-Molecules on the Open Ended and Surface of Swcnts: A Computational NMR and NQR Study

Abstract: This study have performed for investigating on the results of adsorption of several gaseous molecules as nitrogen and oxygen, on the open-ended and external surface of H-capped (4, 4) armchair semiconducting Single-walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNTs), using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Geometric optimizations were carried out at B3LYP/6-311G*level of theory using Gaussian 98 program. Structural models are optimized and adsorption energies are obtained to investigate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) spectroscopy parameters for (nitrogen-CNTs) and (oxygen-CNTs) model o

Secretory Ameloblasts and Calcium Distribution During Normal and Experimentally Altered Mineralization

The distribution of calcium in relation to secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor was studied. An experimental model system in which enamel mineralization was temporarily inhibited by injecting sodium fluoride and cobalt chloride was used. Potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) cytochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to clarify the role of the ameloblast in controlling calcium distribution during normal and experimentally altered enamel mineralization. Secretory ameloblasts chemically-preserved in glutaraldehyde either with or without PPA were analyzed for calcium; those preserved with PPA showed higher concentrations of calcium than did those preserved with glutaraldehyde only. Freeze-dried control and experimental tissues showed an increasing gradient of calcium from stratum intermedium cells to the distal ends of the ameloblasts. Calcium levels were reduced near the distal ends of the cells following fluoride and cobalt injections, while magnesium levels were increased markedly in the same region. This multi-method approach showed correlated calcium localization in specific regions of this cell in relation to changes in function. The study thus provides additional evidence for active involvement of the ameloblasts in enamel mineralization

Calcium Levels in Ruffle-Ended and Smooth-Ended Maturation Ameloblasts

Scanning electron microscopy was used to distinguish the topographical characteristics of two maturation ameloblast types in freeze-dried blocks of enamel organ tissue. This distinction was based primarily upon the configuration of the distal ends of the ameloblasts and the presence or absence of wide intercellular spaces. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was applied to compare calcium levels in various regions of tissue identified as constituting either ruffle-ended or smooth ended ameloblasts. Greater levels of calcium were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than in their proximal ends. In addition, greater calcium levels were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than the distal ends of the smooth-ended cells. The higher calcium levels in ruffle-ended cells correlates with the view that these cells are actively involved in control of movement of calcium to the enamel front

Long-distance heat transfer between molecular systems through a hybrid plasmonic-photonic nanoresonator

We theoretically study a hybrid plasmonic-photonic cavity setup that can be used to induce and control long-distance heat transfer between molecular systems through optomechanical interactions. The structure we propose consists of two separated plasmonic nanoantennas coupled to a dielectric cavity. The hybrid modes of this resonator can combine the large optomechanical coupling of the sub-wavelength plasmonic modes with the large quality factor and delocalized character of the cavity mode that extends over a large distance (∼µm). We show that this can lead to effective long-range heat transport between molecular vibrations that can be actively controlled through an external driving laserThis work has been funded by the European Research Council through grant ERC-2016-StG-714870 and by the Spanish Ministry for Science, Innovation, and Universities—Agencia Estatal de Investigación through Grant Nos. RTI2018-099737-B-I00, PCI2018-093145 (through the QuantERA program of the European Commission), and MDM-2014-0377 (through the María de Maeztu program for Units of Excellence in R&D), as well as through a Ramón y Cajal grant (J F) and support from the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (SMA

Effect of Fluoride and Cobalt on Forming Enamel: Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Microanalysis Study

The forming surfaces of enamel of rat incisors were examined by scanning electron microscope one hour after injection of either 5 mg/100 g body weight of sodium fluoride or 12 mg/100 g body weight of cobalt chloride. The cell debris from the surfaces of the separated incisors was either gently wiped off with soft facial tissues or chemically removed by treating with NaOH, NaOCl or trypsin. Best results to remove cell debris were obtained from 0.25% trypsin treatment. SEM studies revealed that the surface of the normal secretory enamel was characteristic in appearance with well-developed smooth prism outlines. In fluoride specimens the prism outlines were feathery in appearance, laced with protruding spine-shaped clusters of mineral crystals. In the case of cobalt treatment, prism outlines were less uniform and in some areas they were incomplete. The calcium concentration of surface enamel was significantly lower in the cobalt-treated specimens than those from control and fluoride-treated animals. The Ca:Mg ratio was also lower in cobalt-treated specimens as compared to control and fluoride-treated ones

Risk factors of regression and undercorrection in photorefractive keratectomy: A case-control study

�AIM: To determine risk factors of regression and undercorrection following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in myopia or myopic astigmatism. �METHODS: A case-control study was designed in which eyes with an indication for re-treatment (RT) were defined as cases; primary criteria for RT indication, as assessed at least 9mo postoperatively, included an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/30 or worse and a stable refraction for more than 3mo. Additional considerations included optical quality symptoms and significant higher order aberrations (HOAs). Controls were chosen from the same cohort of operated eyes which had complete post-operative follow up data beyond 9mo and did not need RT. The cohort included patients who had undergone PRK by the Tissue-Saving (TS) ablation profile of Technolas 217z100 excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA). Mitomycin C had been used in all of the primary procedures. �RESULTS: We had 70 case eyes and 158 control eyes, and they were comparable in terms of age, sex and follow-up time (P values:0.58, 1.00 and 0.89, respectively). Pre-operative spherical equivalent of more than -5.00 diopter (D), intended optical zone (OZ) diameter of less than 6.00 mm and ocular fixation instability during laser ablation were associated with RT indications (all P values -5.00 D), smaller OZ (<6.00 mm) and unstable fixation during laser ablation of PRK for myopia and myopic astigmatism were found to be strong predictors of undercorrection and regression. © 2015 International Journal of Ophthalmology (c/o Editorial Office). All Rights Reserved

The quality of life in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

We conducted a study to evaluate the quality of life in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 8–18 years, compared with that in matched healthy controls. A total of 85 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 8–18 years and 136 age, sex and living place matched healthy controls were included in this study. Patients and one of their parents separately completed the 27-item Persian version of KIDSCREEN questionnaire (child and adolescent version and parent version). From the children's perspective, the quality of life in patients was found to be lower in two subclasses: “physical activities and health” (p < 0.001) and “friends” (p = 0.005). Parental estimation of their sick child's quality of life was significantly lower than children's own assessment in two subclasses: “physical activities and health” (p < 0.001) and “general mood and feelings” (p < 0.001). Our results indicate that boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy have quite a satisfactory quality of life. A happier and more hopeful life can be promoted through increasing social support and improving the parental knowledge regarding their child's more positive life perspective. © 2016 Elsevier B.V