North-south co-operation in electronic information archiving: the experience of the Institute of Marine Sciences Zanzibar

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Synoptic pattern of deep trough led to strong winds of Zab Basin in Iran

One of the most important natural disasters are storms that each year, causing financial losses and Johnny are Frequency. Sometimes damage to the extent that the economic system, social disrupts a country. The aim of this study is to analyze the synoptic conditions of severe storms is Zab basin. In this study, given the scale of temporal and spatial distribution, wind speed and comprehensiveness of the three threshold size and calculate the 90th percentile wind speed, Forty days pervasive and severe storms were selected. Sea level pressure data and the elevation data of 500hp level from the database NCEP/NCAR were extracted. Matrix was formed that storm was on the rows and elevation data middle levels of the atmosphere, was on the columns. Then, principal components that explain the variation in height level pressure hp500 were identified. To identify synoptic patterns, cluster analysis integration "ward's" was performed on these components.The results showed that five synoptic pattern of atmospheric middle level, in the form of three major causes of severe storms in the Zab River Basin: Cut off low pattern, Shallow trough pattern of long wave and deep trough pattern of short wave. The most frequent traffic synoptic pattern of a synoptic pattern of middle levels and 60% of the patterns assigned to itself, causing severe storms in the Zab River Basin. Irregularities in the movement and position of the polar vortex caused the jet stream and storm paths meridian winds greater control and troughs are driven towards the low latitudes deeper. Because of the special arrangement of relatively strong and contrasting surface synoptic, the pressure gradient and energy exchange at its maximum reached compression Isobaric lines and as a result, Strong winds in the catchment area level has been created

Profit Margin for Small Maize Business: A Comparative Study of Green Roasted and Dry Maize in Mbeya, Tanzania

Roasted fresh green maize harvested from farms is one of a growing small business in many towns in Tanzania.  Yet, little information is available on the profit margin differences between roasted fresh green maize and dry maize. This study therefore was conducted to investigate the profit margin differences between roasted fresh green and dry maize in Mbeya City and Mbeya District. The study employed both snowballing and random sampling plan whereby a sample of 70 respondents was collected.  Present study used SPSS in data analysis while descriptive and multiple regression techniques were employed.  As a result, the mean of profit margin, operation cost and capital invested were compared. Results showed that the profit margins of both businesses, the operation cost, as well start-up capital were statistically significant at (P<0.01), (P<0.05) and (P<0.01) levels, respectively. Suggesting that profit margin of roasted green maize was higher than of dry maize as well as the operation cost. Contrary to these, the start up capital for roasted green maize was lower than that of dry maize business. Based on survey findings it was concluded that business of roasted green maize had higher profit margin than dry maize. It is therefore recommended that the government should not restrict the green roasted maize business and that the decisions should be left to the producers and business dealers. Further, it is also recommended that the government should register all roasted green maize dealers and find a way of taxing them equally to dry maize businesses in regard to the profit generated. Key Words: Roasted fresh green maize, dry maize, profit margin, operation cost, startup capital, Mbeya University of Science and Technolog

WORKING MOTHERS’ SOCIAL-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND PERCEPTIONS OF CHILDCARE SERVICE QUALITY IN DAR ES SALAAM, TANZANIA

This study aimed to examine how social-economic factors influence working mothers’ perception of the quality of childcare service quality in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional research design to collect data from 411 working mothers with children aged 2-5 years in childcare centres. Three hypotheses were tested based on research objectives, the proposed relationships showed significance at p<0.05. Results show that working mothers’ social economic factors (income and educational levels) influenced their perception of childcare service quality. Results also indicated that working mothers with children aged 5 years were more satisfied with the service quality provided to their children than working mothers with children of 3-4 years. These findings suggest that income, educational levels, and a child’s age are important factors that influence parents’ perceptions of childcare service quality. The study highlights the need for tailored childcare services that cater to the needs of different age groups and the importance of increasing access to high-quality childcare services for families of all income and education levels.  Article visualizations

Analisis Nilai Tambah Cokelat Batangan (Chocolate Bar) Di Pipiltin Cocoa, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan

Indonesia is the third largest world cocoa producer. For years, cocoa bean from Indonesia has been exporter as raw beans. Domestic cocoa manufacturing industry is still dominated by International companies such as Nestle, Marz, JB Cocoa Malaysia, and others than domestic small and medium enterprise. This condition shows that value added of cocoa processing have not yet accepted by local entrepreneurs. Nowadays, most of the small and medium enterprise produce intermediate and compound chocolate products with low use of cocoa butter volume in proportion. Then, those intermediate products would be exported and will be reimported again by Indonesia as final product. Pipiltin Cocoa is the only small-scale natural chocolate producer in Indonesia using local cocoa bean from Bali and Aceh. This research focuses on value added analysis of bar chocolate in Pipiltin Cocoa produce which is important to conduct in order to know the added value made from a domestic small-scale cocoa farm producing original cocoa products

Assessment of the Effect of Transport on School Girls Academic Performance in the City of Dar es Salaam: A Case of Ilala Municipal

This study assessed the impacts of transport on school girls’ academic performance in Ilala Municipal. This study adopted case study research design where probability and non-probability sampling method were used to get the sample. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, interviews and observations. Data obtained were summarized or processed using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet Software. The study was guided by three specific objectives: (i) to identify the effects of public transport to school girls. The study revealed that, transport problem not only leads to early pregnancies, but leads to poor performance of girls in school. (ii) to examine peoples’ perceptions towards public transport on school girls. It was found that, the society is not happy with the type and way of transport available for students in the city and they suggest the government in collaboration with other education stakeholders to build hostels and/or boarding schools to accommodate school girls. They also suggest to the local government to design and arrange special transport (school shuttles) that may reduce the problem of transport and definitely would increase attendance as well as improve performance of girls in schools. The third objective of the study was to examine the measures to address the problem of public transport for school girls. The findings revealed some important measures that have taken to address the problem. Among them is establishment of laws, which guide the customer and bus operators and when the law is broken always there is heavy punishment to the law breaker. The study reveals a serious public transport in Ilala and it seriously affects school girls. Apart from establishment of Rapid transport system in the city as an effort to curb the problem still the buses are not reliable. Therefore, it is a very high time for the government to design and build more community and/ or boarding schools so that school girls have short distance to travel to and from school

The spatial distribution of atmospheric conditions, severe storms Zab Basin in Iran: a case study of cut off low synoptic pattern

Atmospheric circulation patterns is the most important method of identification of environmental change that, it is useful For purposes such as weather forecasting, predict natural events (air pollution, floods, drought, etc). The aim of this study is to analyze the synoptic conditions of severe storms is Zab basin. Daily data of wind speed over the period 1364/01/01 to 1390/12/29 of three synoptic stations was taken from the department of meteorology. Given the scale of temporal and spatial distribution, wind speed and comprehensiveness of the three threshold size and calculate the 90th percentile wind speed, 40 days pervasive and severe storms were selected. Sea level pressure data on the network with a size 5.2°*5.2° that was located on Cornell 0-80 degrees east longitude and 0-80 degrees northern latitude from the database NCEP/NCAR were extracted. Matrix was formed in the dimensions of 40*864 with storm was on the rows and elevation data middle levels of the atmosphere, was on the columns. A principal component analysis was performed on data matrix elevation and six factors were identified that about 97,4% of the Pressure elevation changes of 500hp level was explained. To identify synoptic patterns, cluster analysis integration "ward's" was performed on these components.The results showed that, Cut off low synoptic pattern of the upper atmosphere with an abundance of 47,5% in May and December had the highest frequency. Irregularities in the movement and position of the polar vortex caused the jet stream and storm paths meridional winds greater control and troughs are driven towards the low latitudes deeper. As a result, the pressure gradient and energy exchange at its maximum reached compression Isobaric lines and Strong winds in the catchment area level has been created. All patterns are identified for the winds mainly from the west and southwest

Automation of Risk Management in The Social Security Sector in Tanzania

The paper proposes an automated model of the Risk-based Supervision (RBS) framework for social security sector in Tanzania. The regulator of the Social security sector strives to ensure that social security schemes are sustainable and will not collapse because inherent and residual risks in the sector. The  biggest risk in the risk that the social security scheme will become insolvent. The paper opens with a discussion on the wider concept of RBS with particular reference to more traditional supervisory approaches.Based on this understanding of RBS, a case is then made for the use of automatic alerts and risk indicators to facilitate early intervention by supervisors. It is anticipated that with automated RBS risk management becomes more proactive and futuristic. Within the proposed model, a descriptive rule table is used which is easily extensible to cover both risks already identified and those that will be identified in future. The rule table includes the risk description, risk parameters, baseline and thresholds. The model is a neutral one with regards to the regulated entity and is therefore applicable to schemes, fund managers, custodians or administrators. The model further proposes a series of alerts that are derived from electronic offsite monitoring.To drive the model, the necessary data for the regulator and for the regulated entities is proposed together with a modality for collection of such data. The entire model design is also presented both as a graphical depiction and as pseudo code and matched to the current regulators’s infrastructure. The paper concludes with an additional set of recommendations to facilitate the journey to implementing RBS and adopting a forward-looking approach to regulation of social security sector

ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH COKELAT BATANGAN (CHOCOLATE BAR) DI PIPILTIN COCOA, KEBAYORAN BARU, JAKARTA SELATAN

Indonesia is the third largest world cocoa producer. For years, cocoa bean from Indonesia has been exporter as raw beans. Domestic cocoa manufacturing industry is still dominated by international companies such as Nestle, Marz, JB Cocoa Malaysia, and others than domestic small and medium enterprise. This condition shows that value added of cocoa processing have not yet accepted by local entrepreneurs. Nowadays, most of the small and medium enterprise produce intermediate and compound chocolate products with low use of cocoa butter volume in proportion. Then, those intermediate products would be exported and will be reimported again by Indonesia as final product. Pipiltin Cocoa is the only small-scale natural chocolate producer in Indonesia using local cocoa bean from Bali and Aceh. This research focuses on value added analysis of bar chocolate in Pipiltin Cocoa produce which is important to conduct in order to know the added value made from a domestic small-scale cocoa farm producing original cocoa products