A Cross-sectional study on Out-of-Pocket expenditure towards Immunization and its consequences faced by families with under-five Children Residing at one of the Cities of Western India

Background: When immunization of under-five children results in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure (OOPE), it affects motivation of parents for vaccination inversely. Objectives: To assess determinants affecting preference for specific/mixed type of health facilities and to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure towards immunization of under-five children. To assess opinion of participants for prevention/decreasing OOPE towards immunization. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at one of zones of Ahmedabad city, selected by simple random sampling. Following technique of “30×7 cluster survey” with necessary house-hold information received from Municipal Corporation, selection of 7 children was pursued from each cluster reaching to sample-size of 210 (30 X 7). Results: Of 211 children included in study, 124(58.77%), 68(32.23%) and 19(9%) had taken immunization services from government, private and mixed variety respectively. Majority of families (110, 88.71%) preferring government healthcare-facility for immunization incurred expenses <5000 INR/child as while in other two groups, all beneficiaries had expensed>5000 INR/child. Conclusions: Determinants like child’s gender, parents’ education, Type of family, Socio-economic status, delivery place of child and occupation of father had statistically significant association with preferred place of vaccination. Fixation of upper ceiling-limit of vaccines which are recommended by pediatricians but not covered in government run program was one of suggestions

Minimally Invasive Approach for Full Mouth Rehabilitation Using Table-Tops in A Patient with Generalized Attrition

Currently A table-top is a conservative treatment approach limited to the thickness of the occlusal table with margins placed supragingivally for covering all the cusps of teeth. Its indications include patients with occlusal wear due to attrition or abrasion, teeth with cracks/fracture lines and endodontically treated teeth. The present case report demonstrates its potential in the field of prosthodontics to achieve full mouth rehabilitation through a minimally invasive approac

Minimally Invasive Correction of a Gummy Smile Through Digital Smile Designing and Diode LASER-Assisted Crown Lengthening: A Case Report

A gummy smile, defined as the visibility of more than 3 mm of gingival tissue during a smile, is one of the most common reasons for an unaesthetic smile. The advent of digital smile designing (DSD) marks a paradigm shift in smile enhancement. Leveraging digital editing software and photography, DSD offers a user-friendly platform for treatment planning and patient communication. The present case report details the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with unaesthetic anterior teeth and a gummy smile, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates DSD and a minimally invasive gingivectomy procedure. The dynamic nature of DSD, enabling clinicians to showcase the proposed results on a computer, enhances communication with patients and fosters a shared understanding of treatment objective

Effects of Magnetic Field and an Endoscope on Peristaltic Motion

The Problem of peristaltic transport of a magnetic fluid with variable viscosity through the gap between coaxial tubes where the outer tube is nonuniform with sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall and the inner tube is rigid. The relation between the pressure gradient and friction force on the inner and outer tubes is obtained in terms of magnetic and viscosity parameter. The numerical solutions of pressure gradient, outer friction and inner friction force, and flow rate are shown graphically

Evaluation of postoperative complications following management of mandibular fractures with open reduction & internal fixation under regional anaesthesia: A retrospective study

Aim: To assess the rate of postoperative complications and its association with respect to aetiology, gender, age, time lapse between injury and commencement of treatment, history of substance abuse, number and location of the fractures in mandibular fracture patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) under regional anaesthesia. Materials and method: All patients fulfilling the selection criteria with mandible fracture reporting to our institution, from March 2017 to August 2021, were included in the study and were divided into three groups based on anatomic site involved. Patient’s records were analysed for deriving complications that occurred during the postoperative period of ORIF andassociation with different variables. The values were subjected to Chi-square tests. Results: Out of 160 study population, patients with combined Para symphysis involving angle (Group C) were reported with the highest number of complications such as minor occlusal discrepancies (20.4%), surgical site infection (4.1%), wound dehiscence and paraesthesia (4.1%) as compared to fractures involving symphysis & para symphysis region (Group A and Group B respectively). Conclusion: The most common postoperative complication in this study was surgical site infection which can be managed effectively with local wound care, antibiotics and can be prevented with aseptic technique

All Zirconia: A New Material for Posteriors with Minimal Tooth Preparation

Background: Planning and executing the restorative rehabilitation of a decimated dentition is probably one of the most intellectually and technically demanding tasks being faced by a dentist. Full mouth rehabilitation involves restoring the dentate or a partially dentate mouth to provide an orderly pattern of occlusal contact and articulation that will optimize oral function, occlusal stability and esthetics. This case report demonstrates a full mouth rehabilitation of a patient for esthetically and functionally compromised dentition by a recently introduced ′metal-free′ restoration. The final prosthesis ensured a restoration resulting in predictable posterior disclusion and anterior guidance in harmony with the condylar path

Evaluation of Postoperative Complications Following Management of Mandibular Fractures with Open Reduction & Internal Fixation Under Regional Anaesthesia: A Retrospective Study

Aim: To assess the rate of postoperative complications and its association with respect to aetiology, gender, age, time lapse between injury and commencement of treatment, history of substance abuse, number and location of the fractures in mandibular fracture patients treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) under regional anaesthesia. Materials and method: All patients fulfilling the selection criteria with mandible fracture reporting to our institution, from March 2017 to August 2021, were included in the study and were divided into three groups based on anatomic site involved. Patient's records were analysed for deriving complications that occurred during the postoperative period of ORIF andassociation with different variables. The values were subjected to Chi-square tests. Results: Out of 160 study population, patients with combined Para symphysis involving angle (Group C) were reported with the highest number of complications such as minor occlusal discrepancies (20.4%), surgical site infection (4.1%), wound dehiscence and paraesthesia (4.1%) as compared to fractures involving symphysis & para symphysis region (Group A and Group B respectively). Conclusion: The most common postoperative complication in this study was surgical site infection which can be managed effectively with local wound care, antibiotics and can be prevented with aseptic technique

Comparative Analysis on Cost-Economics Evaluation of Robotic Tiller-Planter against Conventional Tillage and Planting Operations

The labor-intensive, costly, and time-consuming nature of manual tillage and planting in maize cultivation necessitates the integration of mechanized and robotic methods. This study focuses on the economic evaluation of a Robotic tiller-planter as a solution to address these challenges. Precise robotic tilling and planting methods aim to mitigate cultivation costs, reduce time requirements, and enhance worker comfort. Through a thorough assessment of ownership and operational expenses, farmers gain valuable insights to make informed decisions regarding the adoption of precise robotic machinery, optimization of existing equipment, or exploration of alternative methods for improved farm productivity and financial outcomes. The study compares the Robotic tiller-planter with conventional tillage and planting methods, revealing ownership and operating costs of 172.48 Rs/h and 126.44 Rs/h, respectively. The comparative analysis demonstrated a remarkable 61.58% time savings and a 54.72% reduction in costs during tilling and planting when utilizing the Robotic tiller-planter compared to conventional methods. The findings highlight the cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits associated with the robotic system. This research provides farmers with crucial insights, promoting the adoption of advanced agricultural technologies to optimize resource utilization, improve efficiency, and substitute sustainable farming practices