RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIODONTAL DISEASE AND ABO BLOOD GROUP PHENOTYPES-A CROSS SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Objective: Numerous epidemiological studies have been carried out to assess the association of ABO blood typing and systemic diseases. However, the research is still at the infancy stage with regards to the dental field. Periodontitis, being one of the most prevalent diseases in the oral cavity can be supposed to be influenced by the blood grouping pattern among patients. The present cross-sectional study was carried out to asses the relationship between periodontal disease status and the ABO blood group.Methods: In a retrospective study of 2014, patients who reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospital and diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, both localized and generalized forms were included. Demographic data, diagnostic and the ABO blood grouping information were procured from the case records of 410 subjects and then analysed.Results: Among the 410 individuals, 245 were diagnosed with localized chronic periodontitis whereas 165 subjects had suffered from generalized chronic periodontitis. A high fraction of the localized periodontitis population (20.97%) was of the blood group ‘B.' Similarly(12.92%) of the generalized periodontitis cases belonged to either ‘B' or ‘O' blood groups. The least affected blood group was ‘AB.'Conclusion: This cross-sectional study shows a definite relation between blood typing and periodontal disease. Further studies are required in order to validate the usage of blood groups as risk predictors for periodontitis.Â

Prevalence of viral (HBV, HCV and HIV) co-infections among apparently healthy blood donors in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India

Background: Apparently healthy blood donors may carry double viral co-infections that might be more fatal than viral mono-infection for the donor himself as well as recipient later on.Methods: All blood samples were screened for HIV-I and II (4th generation kit), HBV and HCV (3rd generation kit) by using chemiluminescence technique (Manufacturer- Abbott, Model-Architect i 1000SR).Results: On screening of 41307 blood units, 829 (2.0%) donors were found positive for one of the viral infection (HBV, HCV and HIV). Highest prevalence was for HBV (417 donors- 1.0%) followed by HCV (324 donors- 0.78 %) and HIV (88 donors- 0.21 %).Conclusions: Apparently healthy blood donors might carry, life threatening, double viral co-infections in their blood. Failure to diagnose and treat co-infection at an early stage results in serious complications and sequelae. For safe blood transfusion all blood units should be tested for compatibility and TTI’s with reduction in unnecessary blood transfusion

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN SODIUM ALGINATE CARBAMAZEPINE MICROSPHERES

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective behind our study is that a mucoadhesive rectal hydrogel chitosan sodium alginate carbamazepine (CBZ) microspheres forthe purpose of controlled release for the treatment of epilepsy to avoid the possible side effects.Methods: The study was conducted to formulate controlled release chitosan sodium alginate CBZ microspheres with the dispersion of CBZ into thenatural polymers chitosan and sodium alginate forming microspheres conducting along with their evaluation studies.Results: The formulated microspheres were subjected to various evaluation parameters, and all the physical parameters examined are within theacceptable limits. Further, the optimized microsphere formulation (CM5) was characterized. Hence, the developed optimized microsphere formulation(CM5) seems to be a viable substitute to conventional drug delivery system for the effective management of epilepsy.Conclusion: The prepared formulation also provides a desired CBZ loaded sodium alginate microspheres with the controlled release drug delivery.Keywords: Carbamazepine, Sodium alginate microspheres, Particle size

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF JANUBASTI FOLLOWED BY PATRAPINDA SWEDA AND JANUBASTI FOLLOWED BY ATASI UPANAHA SWEDA IN JANU SANDHIGATA VATA W.S.R TO OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE JOINT

Janu Sandhigata Vata is a common Vata predominant disorder mainly caused in Vriddhavastha. It is a degenerative articular disorder caused in geriatric age group and its correlates with Osteoarthritis of knee joint. Being commonest form of articular disorders, Osteoarthritis poses a huge hindrance in day to day activities of the sufferer like walking, dressing and bathing etc. Due to Vriddaavasta, Uttarothara Dhatuposhana gets reduced and finally makes the person lame. Hence this study was conducted on 10 patients for 7 days to evaluate the efficacy of Janubasti with Moorchita Tila Taila followed by Patrapinda Sweda in Group A and Janubasti with Moorchita Tila Taila followed by Atasi Upanaha Sweda in Group B. The study reports significant relief in subjective parameters like Vatapurna Dritisparsha (joint crepitations), Sandhi Shoola (joint pain) and Prasarana akunchana pravriti sa vedana (pain during flexion and extension of joint) Sandhi Shotha (joint swelling) is completely relieved after the study. Assessment of results was done on the subjective parameters which showed highly significant changes in Vatapurna Drithisparsha, Sandhi Shotha and Prasarana Akunchana Vedana, and significant improvement in Sandhi Shoola in Group A. In group B Vatapurna Drithisparsha, Sandhi Shotha and Sandhi Shoola showed highly significant changes and Prasarana Akunchana Vedana showed significant changes

Variations in the anatomical and branching pattern of the left coronary artery: a cadaveric study

Background: Coronary arteries are the branch of ascending aorta and it is the main arterial supply of the myocardium of the heart. Left coronary artery (LCA) usually arises from left posterior aortic sinus. The site of manifestation of myocardial infarction depends on the occlusion of an artery or its branches involved in atherosclerosis. To know the site of lesion and occlusion of the particular artery, detailed anatomy of its course, branches and variations to be studied in detail.Methods: Study was conducted on 55 heart specimens in Department of Anatomy at Sri Siddhartha Medical College (SSMC), Sri Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education (SSAHE). The left coronary artery was dissected carefully, and it was traced from its origin. Any variation in the course and branching pattern was recorded and photographed.Results: No variation was found in the origin of LCA. In the present study, the most frequent division pattern of the left coronary artery was observed as the bifurcation in 30 specimens (54.54%) followed by trifurcation in 23 specimens (41.82%). Tetrafurcation and pentafurcation of LCA were observed in one specimen each (1.82%).Conclusions: Our study tries to focus on branching pattern of LCA for the better knowledge of accurate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention in the management of coronary artery diseases

Ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which if not diagnosed in time can cost the life of the patient. This emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this perilous condition and hence this study was undertaken to study symptoms with which the patients with ectopic pregnancy present.Methods: Retrospective study of 5 years was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between January 2011 to January 2016. Detailed analysis of patients with ectopic pregnancy inclusive of the age and clinical features were studied.Results: A total of 90 patients with ectopic pregnancy were studied. 95.5% of the patients (n=86) presented with abdominal pain, 81.1% (n=73) of the patients presented with amenorrhea, 24.4% (n=22) patients presented with bleeding per vagina, 30% (n=27) patients with nausea, vomiting and 48.8% (n=44) presented with fainting and giddiness.Conclusions: It is very essential to study the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as this may help in early detection of ectopic pregnancy and hence can reduce the mortality in this catastrophic condition

HIV and cancer registry linkage identifies a substantial burden of cancers in persons with HIV in India.

We utilized computerized record-linkage methods to link HIV and cancer databases with limited unique identifiers in Pune, India, to determine feasibility of linkage and obtain preliminary estimates of cancer risk in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) as compared with the general population.Records of 32,575 PLHIV were linked to 31,754 Pune Cancer Registry records (1996-2008) using a probabilistic-matching algorithm. Cancer risk was estimated by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in the early (4-27 months after HIV registration), late (28-60 months), and overall (4-60 months) incidence periods. Cancers diagnosed prior to or within 3 months of HIV registration were considered prevalent.Of 613 linked cancers to PLHIV, 188 were prevalent, 106 early incident, and 319 late incident. Incident cancers comprised 11.5% AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), including cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but not Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and 88.5% non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Risk for any incident cancer diagnosis in early, late, and combined periods was significantly elevated among PLHIV (SIRs: 5.6 [95% CI 4.6-6.8], 17.7 [95% CI 15.8-19.8], and 11.5 [95% CI 10-12.6], respectively). Cervical cancer risk was elevated in both incidence periods (SIRs: 9.6 [95% CI 4.8-17.2] and 22.6 [95% CI 14.3-33.9], respectively), while NHL risk was elevated only in the late incidence period (SIR: 18.0 [95% CI 9.8-30.20]). Risks for NADCs were dramatically elevated (SIR > 100) for eye-orbit, substantially (SIR > 20) for all-mouth, esophagus, breast, unspecified-leukemia, colon-rectum-anus, and other/unspecified cancers; moderately elevated (SIR > 10) for salivary gland, penis, nasopharynx, and brain-nervous system, and mildly elevated (SIR > 5) for stomach. Risks for 6 NADCs (small intestine, testis, lymphocytic leukemia, prostate, ovary, and melanoma) were not elevated and 5 cancers, including multiple myeloma not seen.Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using probabilistic record-linkage to study cancer/other comorbidities among PLHIV in India and provides preliminary population-based estimates of cancer risks in PLHIV in India. Our results, suggesting a potentially substantial burden and slightly different spectrum of cancers among PLHIV in India, support efforts to conduct multicenter linkage studies to obtain precise estimates and to monitor cancer risk in PLHIV in India

Attenuation of centre-of-pressure trajectory fluctuations under the prosthetic foot when using an articulating hydraulic ankle attachment compared to fixed attachment.

yesBackground Disruptions to the progress of the centre-of-pressure trajectory beneath prosthetic feet have been reported previously. These disruptions reflect how body weight is transferred over the prosthetic limb and are governed by the compliance of the prosthetic foot device and its ability to simulate ankle function. This study investigated whether using an articulating hydraulic ankle attachment attenuates centre-of-pressure trajectory fluctuations under the prosthetic foot compared to a fixed attachment. Methods Twenty active unilateral trans-tibial amputees completed walking trials at their freely-selected, comfortable walking speed using both their habitual foot with either a rigid or elastic articulating attachment and a foot with a hydraulic ankle attachment. Centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity fluctuations beneath the prosthetic foot, prosthetic shank angular velocity during stance, and walking speed were compared between foot conditions. Findings Use of the hydraulic device eliminated or reduced the magnitude of posteriorly directed centre-of-pressure displacements, reduced centre-of-pressure velocity variability across single-support, increased mean forward angular velocity of the shank during early stance, and increased freely chosen comfortable walking speed (P ≤ 0.002). Interpretation The attenuation of centre-of-pressure trajectory fluctuations when using the hydraulic device indicated bodyweight was transferred onto the prosthetic limb in a smoother, less faltering manner which allowed the centre of mass to translate more quickly over the foot

Toe clearance when walking in people with unilateral transtibial amputation: Effects of passive hydraulic ankle

YesMost clinically available prosthetic feet have a rigid attachment or incorporate an “ankle” device allowing elastic articulation during stance, with the foot returning to a “neutral” position at toe-off. We investigated whether using a foot with a hydraulically controlled articulating ankle that allows the foot to be relatively dorsiflexed at toe-off and throughout swing would increase minimum toe clearance (MTC). Twenty-one people with unilateral transtibial amputation completed overground walking trials using their habitual prosthetic foot with rigid or elastic articulating attachment and a foot with a hydraulic ankle attachment (hyA-F). MTC and other kinematic variables were assessed across multiple trials. When using the hyA-F, mean MTC increased on both limbs (p= 0.03). On the prosthetic limb this was partly due to the device being in its fully dorsiflexed position at toe-off, which reduced the “toes down” foot angle throughout swing (p = 0.01). Walking speed also increased when using the hyA-F (p = 0.001) and was associated with greater swing-limb hip flexion on the prosthetic side (p = 0.04), which may have contributed to the increase in mean MTC. Variability in MTC increased on the prosthetic side when using the hyA-F (p = 0.03), but this did not increase risk of tripping